微量元素硒与特发性脊柱侧弯相关性研究

目的:探讨微量元素硒与特发性脊柱侧弯的相关性,为特发性脊柱侧弯的病因学研究提供依据。方法:选取山西医科大学第二医院90例青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患者为病例组,Cobb角20°~85°,根据Cobb角的大小将患者分为三组:轻度组35例,中度组30例,重度组25例;以高发区同性别、同年龄段体检正常的青少年为对照组,共30例。采用荧光法测定血硒含量,病例对照研究分析硒含量与特发性脊柱侧弯的相关性。结果:病例组硒含量为(34.56±15.54)μg/L,明显低于对照组的(63.53±19.08)μg/L(P0.01);轻、中、重三组硒含量与对照组比较均有统计学意义(P0.01),且重度组显著低于轻、中度组(P0.01);但轻、中度组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);特发性脊柱侧弯患者血硒含量值与Cobb角相关系数为0.671(P0.01)。结论:特发性脊柱侧弯患者血硒含量降低,且随着侧弯程度加重,硒缺乏表现更突出,微量元素硒的变化不是偶然的,两者可能存在相关性。     

脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的相关性

目的 探讨脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的关系.方法 2005年1月～2006年12月,44例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受手术矫正治疗.术前均行全脊柱磁共振成像(MRI)检查,测量以顶椎为中心9个椎体上下终板层旋转角度,计算椎体和椎间盘机械旋转,以获得脊柱的旋转顺应性;拍摄凸侧Bending位及手术前后胸腰椎正侧位X线片,测量凸侧Bending相Cobb角及手术前后正侧位Cobb角,比较手术前后测量指标差异,计算侧凸柔韧性及矫正率.对侧凸旋转顺应性和柔韧性与手术矫正率进行相关性分析.结果 手术前后冠状位和矢状位Cobb角比较均有显著差异(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示,侧凸柔韧性与冠状位Cobb角呈负相关(r=-0.574,P=0.013),而与手术矫正率相关性差;旋转顺应性与冠状位Cobb角无显著相关性,与手术矫正率之间则呈显著正相关(r=0.887,P=0.000).结论 特发性脊柱侧凸患者的侧凸旋转顺应性与后路椎弓根螺钉去旋转矫形的手术矫正率高度相关,术前测量并计算旋转顺应性对于该类手术效果的预计具有重要的意义.     

脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的相关性

目的探讨脊柱侧凸旋转与手术矫正率的关系。方法2005年1月~2006年12月,44例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受手术矫正治疗。术前均行全脊柱磁共振成像(MRI)检查,测量以顶椎为中心9个椎体上下终板层旋转角度,计算椎体和椎间盘机械旋转,以获得脊柱的旋转顺应性;拍摄凸侧Bending位及手术前后胸腰椎正侧位X线片,测量凸侧Bending相Cobb角及手术前后正侧位Cobb角,比较手术前后测量指标差异,计算侧凸柔韧性及矫正率。对侧凸旋转顺应性和柔韧性与手术矫正率进行相关性分析。结果手术前后冠状位和矢状位Cobb角比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,侧凸柔韧性与冠状位Cobb角呈负相关(r=-0.574,P=0.013),而与手术矫正率相关性差;旋转顺应性与冠状位Cobb角无显著相关性,与手术矫正率之间则呈显著正相关(r=0.887,P=0.000)。结论特发性脊柱侧凸患者的侧凸旋转顺应性与后路椎弓根螺钉去旋转矫形的手术矫正率高度相关,术前测量并计算旋转顺应性对于该类手术效果的预计具有重要的意义。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的脊柱本体感觉与Cobb角的相关性

目的：分析青少年特发性脊柱侧弯脊柱本体感觉及其与Cobb角的相关性。方法：选择特发性脊柱侧弯的青少年25例为研究组，并选择同期健康的青少年25例为对照组，比较两组青少年颈椎、躯干本体感觉指标，及研究组脊柱本体感觉与Cobb角的相关性。结果：颈椎本体感觉显示，研究组劣势侧的侧屈、旋转复位能力低于对照组劣势侧，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组优势侧的旋转复位能力高于劣势侧，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组旋转方向的复位能力处于不对称状态。研究组颈椎劣势侧旋转复位能力与Cobb角呈负相关，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。躯干本体感觉显示，研究组屈曲复位能力低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组躯干屈曲复位能力与Cobb角呈负相关，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的脊柱本体感觉低于同龄健康青少年，主要表现在颈椎的侧屈和旋转的复位能力和躯干的屈曲复位能力上，且颈椎在水平面上的复位能力存在不对称。脊柱侧弯的Cobb角增大，会导致颈椎的旋转复位能力和躯干的屈曲复位能力下降。脊柱本体感觉功能可作为临床判断青少年脊...     

LenkeⅠ型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者生物力学在体反应特征曲线

目的：提出一种新的评估青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）患者柔韧性的方法——生物力学在体反应特征曲线。方法：通过利用基于姿态传感器的脊柱形态测量仪,结合纵向牵引评估Lenke 1 型主胸弯AIS患者。选取18例Lenke 1型主胸弯AIS患者,其中女性16例,男性2例;年龄10-17岁（13.78±1.83岁）;初始Cobb角40°- 63°（44.50°± 6.35°）。每20N纵向牵引Lenke 1型AIS患者,2名脊柱外科医生对主胸弯冠状位 Cobb 角进行一次评估,每次评估均重复测量3 次,将3次数据的平均值作为评估结果,从而通过相关回归统计分析获得Lenke 1型AIS患者动态柔韧指数K和生物力学在体反应特征曲线。结果：Lenke 1型AIS患者主胸弯冠状面Cobb角随着纵向的牵引力的增大而减小。基于姿态传感器的脊柱形态测量仪测量的每个AIS患者在不同纵向牵引力下的主胸弯冠状面Cobb角与纵向牵引力呈显著负相关（P均＜0.05）。通过相关回归分析得出每一个AIS的K值（即动态柔韧指数）与患者的年龄、身高、体重、BMI、Risser征均无明显差异（P均＞0.05）,而与初始Cobb角相关（P＜0.05）。结论：Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸生物力学在体反应特征曲线是一种新的有效评估脊柱侧凸柔韧性的方法,并且能动态全面评估整体柔韧性。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯严重程度与椎旁肌肌电活动、腰部活动度的相关性

目的 探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)严重程度与其椎旁肌肌电活动、腰部活动度的相关性.方法 选取100例AIS患者,根据Cobb角大小将其分为轻度组(Cobb角<15°)36例、中度组(15°≤Cobb角<25°)54例和重度组(Cobb角≥25°)10...     

矫形支具在儿童青少年特发性脊柱侧弯治疗中的应用

目的:探讨矫形支具治疗对儿童青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效。方法:25例特发性脊柱侧弯患者采用根据侧弯情况予以矫形支具治疗,疗程9-12月,对治疗前后患者Cobb’s角进行对比研究。结果:治疗前后Cobb角对比具有高度显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:矫形支具对儿童青少年特发性脊柱侧弯疗效显著。     

后路选择性融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸单胸弯

目的探讨单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸手术治疗策略及融合节段的选择。方法治疗单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸72例（Lenke IA50例,LenkeIB8例,LenkeIC14例）,平均年龄14．3岁,男13例,女59例。均采取后路选择性胸椎融合治疗。上融合椎取上位的旋转中立位椎体;下融合椎通过下端椎、下方的旋转中立椎、稳定椎之间的相互关系来确定,取中立椎、中立椎上一位椎体或稳定椎上一位椎体。术前查站立位脊柱全长前后位、侧位,卧位左右侧屈位片,术后及随访时查站立位脊椎全长前后位、侧位片。测量冠状位Cobb角、顶椎偏移、顶椎旋转、躯干偏移,来观察侧弯矫治及躯干平衡情况。平均融合7．3个节段（4～10个节段）,平均随访15．9个月（12～39个月）。结果手术前后胸弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（56．74-14．5）°（40～98°）和（18．54-8．3）°（3～40°）;手术前后腰弯冠状位Cobb角分别为（33．94-10．4）°（25～69°）和（11．14-6．4）°（0～30°）,自发矫正率为（66．94-16）％（44～100）％。躯干偏移由（16．14-10．2）mm（4—43）min矫至（8．24-6．1）mm（0～25min）,有2例病人术后出现轻度躯干失平衡,随访两年无进一步进展。结论结合站立位上下端椎、中立椎、稳定椎确定融合范围在矫治单胸弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中可取得良好的矫治效果。     

脊柱稳定性训练治疗青少年脊柱侧弯的临床研究

目的:探讨应用悬吊治疗系统(S-E-T)进行脊柱稳定性训练治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的临床疗效及机制。方法:30例确诊为青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的患者随机分为两组,实验组采用S-E-T神经肌肉反馈重建技术进行脊柱稳定性训练3个月,对照组行传统推拿治疗,分别在患者治疗前后对每组患者进行疗效评定。结果:两组患者治疗后Cobb角及Nash-Moe椎体旋转度较治疗前均有所减小(P<0.05),实验组减小更加显著(P<0.05)。结论:青少年特发性脊柱侧弯给予针对性的脊柱稳定性训练可以收到良好的治疗效果。     

特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb''s角与顶椎多变量旋转畸形相关性研究

目的　探讨特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb’s角与顶椎多变量旋转畸形之间的内在规律。方法　对 37例特发性脊柱侧凸患者采用脊柱正位X线摄片和顶椎CT扫描 ,测量Cobb’s角、顶椎骨旋转角度及双侧椎弓根与椎体轴心角度。结果　在 38°～ 12 4°内 ,侧凸Cobb’s角每增加 1°,顶椎旋转增加 0 .39°。凸凹侧顶椎椎弓根轴心线与椎体轴心线夹角分别为 (4 .36± 5 .0 8)°、(14.30± 5 .11)°,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb’s角与顶椎旋转之间有明显的内在联系和线性关系 ,双侧顶椎椎弓根与椎体轴心角度有显著差异     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.