6939例孕中期血清学四联产前筛查结果分析

目的探讨孕中期血清学四联产前筛查在产前诊断中的临床意义。方法随机选取我院2015年收治的孕中期产检妇女6 939例,抽取静脉血进行β-HCG、AFP、uE3及抑制素A四联血清学筛查,通过风险评估软件计算罹患唐氏综合征风险率。结果 6 939例孕中期孕妇筛查高风险有355例(5.12%)。适龄孕妇DS、ES、NTD高风险率分别为2.67%、0.17%、1.55%,高危孕妇DS、ES、NTD高风险率分别为14.14%、1.64%、5.26%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);355例高风险孕妇最终完成随访为328例,210例DS筛查高风险孕妇中有7例确诊为DS(阳性率3.33%);16例ES筛查高风险孕妇中有2例确诊为ES(阳性率12.50%),102例NTD筛查高风险孕妇中有4例确诊为NTD(阳性率3.92%)。结论孕中期血清学四联检查在唐氏综合征产前筛查中经济、有效、操作简便,值得临床推广。     

孕中期孕妇产前筛查和产前诊断的价值

目的评价孕中期孕妇行产前筛查和产前诊断在减少出生缺陷中的价值。方法采用时间分辨免疫荧光法(DELFIA)检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)和游离β-绒毛膜促性腺激素(free-β-h CG)浓度,利用Risks 2T风险计算分析软件对DS、ES和NTD的风险度进行评估,对DS、ES高风险孕妇行羊水穿刺或脐血穿刺做染色体核型分析,对神经管缺陷高风险孕妇进行3D彩色多普勒超声检查以明确诊断并随访。结果不良妊娠的发生率高龄组孕妇明显高于适龄组;高风险孕妇不良妊娠的发生率明显高于低风险孕妇;高龄组高风险孕妇自愿接受侵入式检测明显高于适龄组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论进行孕中期孕妇产前筛查,并对DS、ES高风险孕妇进行染色体核型分析、对神经管缺陷高风险孕妇进行3D超声产前诊断可以有效减少缺陷儿的出生。     

孕中期血清学唐氏综合征筛查联合胎儿系统超声诊断胎儿畸形

目的:探讨孕中期血清学筛查联合胎儿系统超声检查对孕中期胎儿神经管缺陷等胎儿结构畸形诊断的价值。方法:利用妇幼保健三级网络对孕中期妇女进行唐氏综合征筛查,对DS高风险的孕妇行羊水染色体核型分析,对NTD高风险的孕妇行胎儿系统超声检查,对每例孕妇追踪随访至胎儿出生。结果:在筛查的161 194例孕妇中,DS高风险8188例,其中2058例接受羊水染色体核型分析检查,染色体异常63例。NTD高风险1132例,其中864例接受咨询,行胎儿系统超声检查,发现死胎和胎儿畸形119例,NTD高危人群中胎儿结构异常及死胎的检出率为13.8%,其中多发畸形28例占23.5%。胎儿异常的顺位为神经管缺陷、死胎、脐膨出、腹裂、先心病、多囊肾和唇裂,其中神经管缺陷占胎儿异常的52.9%处第一位。结论:孕中期唐氏综合征筛查联合胎儿系统超声检查能高效筛查胎儿畸形,是产前诊断的有效手段之一。     

孕中期唐氏综合征筛查及产前诊断

目的探讨唐氏筛查及产前诊断在预防和减少染色体病及先天缺陷儿出生的实用价值.方法应用时间分辨荧光免疫法对孕中期(15～20周)妇女进行血清标记物(AFP+Free-β-HCG)二项指标双标试剂盒检测,筛查结果应用Multicalc软件计算唐氏综合征风险.唐氏综合征(Down's Syndrome,DS)风险切割值为1274,当≥1274时为DS高危孕妇,结合B超、羊水或胎血进行诊断排除胎儿异常.结果产前筛查3 685例孕妇,筛查DS高危孕妇220例,阳性率为5.97%,有118例接受了羊水或胎血产前诊断,发现胎儿染色体异常11例,异常检出率为9.32%,DS筛查NTD高危45例,阳性率为1.22%.在高危孕妇中B超发现异常胎儿10例.结论孕中期血清AFP和Free-β-HCG标记物是产前筛查异常胎儿的有效指标,再结合羊水或胎血、B超产前诊断对防止先天缺陷有实用性价值.     

2011-2014年张家港市孕中期产前筛查及随访分析

目的评价张家港市孕中期产前筛查的工作成效。方法应用时间分辨法,检测15~20+6周孕妇血清中AFP、Free-β-HCG水平,应用2T分析软件计算风险值。对高风险孕妇实施羊水/脐血染色体检查或产前超声检查,并追踪随访妊娠结局。结果共筛查41 089例孕妇,检出高风险1 916例,阳性率4.66%。其中:DS高风险1 585例,ES高风险88例,NTD高风险243例;经诊断检出DS 8例,ES 3例,NTD 10例。随访发现不良妊娠结局80例。共终止不良妊娠99例(占98.02%)。结论孕中期产前筛查对于先天缺陷儿的宫内诊断具有重要的临床价值。扩大产前筛查覆盖面,提高产前诊断率,加强随访管理是降低出生缺陷、提高人口素质的重要手段。     

丽水地区32105例孕中期孕妇产前筛查及结果分析

目的通过产前筛查了解浙江省丽水地区孕中期孕妇唐氏综合征（DS）、18-三体综合征、神经管缺陷（NTD）及其他缺陷异常发病率。方法采用时间分辨免疫荧光分析法筛查32 105例孕中期孕妇血清标志物AFP和游离-βhCG。采用产前羊水细胞或脐静脉血细胞染色体检查以及三维B超进行确诊。同时追踪妊娠结局。结果32 105例孕妇中,高风险孕妇1 113例,阳性率3.47%。1 113例高风险孕妇中,确诊DS 9例、18-三体综合征2例、NTD 10例、其他缺陷异常50例。30 992例低风险孕妇中,有4例为DS、114例其他缺陷体异常,但未检出18-三体综合征及NTD。结论产前筛查是降低出生缺陷率的有效措施,但目前采用的产前筛查技术仍有待于完善。     

孕中期产前筛查的价值

目的:探讨产前筛查在孕中期产前诊断中的价值。方法:2006年1月～2009年9月对2 880例孕16～20周的妇女行产前筛查,检测其血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)、游离β绒毛膜促性腺激素(F-βHCG)和游离雌三醇(μE3)浓度,结合年龄、体重等因素,评定危险系数。高危孕妇进行羊膜腔穿刺,羊水细胞染色体核型检查以确诊。结果:共有2 880例孕妇接受筛查。其中筛出唐氏综合征(DS)高风险5例,经羊水细胞染色体核型分析确诊2例;18-三体高风险2例,确诊1例:神经管缺陷(NTD)高风险2例,确诊2例。所有筛查孕妇均随访至胎儿出生,1例筛查阴性的孕妇分娩唐氏儿。结论:产前筛查可提高先天缺陷儿的检出率,是提高出生人口素质的有效技术措施。     

孕中期唐氏综合征筛查及产前诊断

目的 :探讨唐氏筛查及产前诊断在预防和减少染色体病及先天缺陷儿出生的实用价值。方法 :应用时间分辨荧光免疫法对孕中期 (15～ 2 0周 )妇女进行血清标记物 (AFP+Free-β- HCG)二项指标双标试剂盒检测 ,筛查结果应用 Multicalc软件计算唐氏综合征风险。唐氏综合征 (Down's Syndrome,DS)风险切割值为 1∶ 2 74 ,当≥ 1∶ 2 74时为 DS高危孕妇 ,结合 B超、羊水或胎血进行诊断排除胎儿异常。结果 :产前筛查 36 85例孕妇 ,筛查 DS高危孕妇 2 2 0例 ,阳性率为 5 .97% ,有 118例接受了羊水或胎血产前诊断 ,发现胎儿染色体异常 11例 ,异常检出率为 9.32 % ,DS筛查 NTD高危 4 5例 ,阳性率为 1.2 2 %。在高危孕妇中 B超发现异常胎儿 10例。结论 :孕中期血清 AFP和 Free-β- HCG标记物是产前筛查异常胎儿的有效指标 ,再结合羊水或胎血、B超产前诊断对防止先天缺陷有实用性价值。     

孕早、中期血清标志物筛查和介入性产前诊断的临床应用与分析

目的:探讨早、中期产前筛查及产前诊断在预防和减少染色体疾病及先天缺陷儿出生的临床应用价值,进一步促进该项工作的提高。方法:应用时间分辨荧光免疫法(DELFIA)对早期孕妇(9～13孕周)进行PAPP-A和Freeβ-HCG二联、中期孕妇(15～20孕周)进行AFP、Freeβ-HCG和uE3三联血清标志物检测;对产前筛查高风险以及其他高危指征的孕妇进行介入性产前诊断包括胎儿绒毛、羊水和脐血染色体分析等,对开放性神经管缺陷(NTD)的高风险孕妇进行彩色多普勒超声检查确诊。结果:在66 852例血清学产前筛查患者中,高风险总阳性率为6.1%;4 427例介入性产前诊断患者中,结果异常率为5.0%;324例NTD高风险经彩色多普勒超声确诊检查患者中,确诊率为8.3%。共发现21-三体综合征患者48例、18-三体综合征患者33例、13-三体综合征患者12例和NTD患者27例,还有其他染色体数目和结构异常者127例。各类产前诊断指征中,染色体异常携带者患者组、18-三体综合征高风险组和B超提示胎儿异常组的染色体病检出率明显高于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各类产前诊断指征与染色体病的检出率有明显相关性。结论:通过母血清学标志物产前筛查,结合超声以及介入性产前诊断,对有效地防止21-三体综合征、18-三体综合征、13-三体综合征和NTD等先天缺陷儿的出生具有极为重要的价值,是提高出生人口素质的可靠保障。     

唐氏综合征产前筛查与诊断的研究

目的:探讨孕妇血清标记物甲胎蛋白(AFP)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素游离β亚单位(Freeβ-hCG)在产前诊断唐氏综合征(DS)等缺陷儿中的作用。方法:采用美国Genemed生物技术公司生产的孕中期唐氏综合征产前筛查试剂盒(酶联免疫法)对2504例孕妇进行上述二联血清标记物检测,结合孕妇年龄、体重,确切孕周,利用该试剂配套软件计算出每个孕妇的胎儿患DS、18/13-三体的风险率,是否为开放性神经管缺陷(NTD)高危孕妇。凡筛查DS、18/13-三体为高危的孕妇均通过彩超了解妊娠情况及实际孕周,按实际孕周进行第2次筛查,即复筛。对复筛仍为高危的孕妇建议其进行羊水染色体检查以确诊。凡筛查NTD为高危的孕妇,通过彩超或B超动态观察妊娠情况至分娩。同时,对所有筛查对象均追踪随访至胎儿出生。结果:被筛查孕妇中确诊DS患儿4例,其中复筛高危为3例,初筛为低危1例,为假阴性,DS产前检出率为75.00%;初筛假阳性率为8.27%,复筛假阳性率为4.35%,同时筛出NTD及其他异常胎儿3例,未发现18/13-三体高危孕妇。结论:该方法在产前可有效检出DS患儿,降低DS患儿出生率,通过复筛可降低假阳性率,具有较强的实用性及临床应用价值。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.