分次局部浸润麻醉应用于会阴侧切缝合术的效果

目的:探讨分次会阴局部浸润麻醉在会阴侧切缝合术中的镇痛效果。方法:选阴道分娩初产妇100例,随机分成观察组与对照组,各50例。观察组采用分次会阴局部浸润麻醉,对照组采用阴部神经阻滞麻醉。观察指标为切口缝合时的疼痛程度、产后24 h会阴切口局部水肿情况及出院前会阴切口愈合情况。结果:观察组缝合切口时的疼痛分级低于对照组(P<0.05);两组产后24 h会阴切口局部水肿情况和出院前会阴切口愈合情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:分次会阴局部浸润麻醉在会阴侧切缝合时的镇痛效果优于阴部神经阻滞麻醉,且不增加对产妇的危害,不影响会阴切口的愈合。     

阴部神经阻滞麻醉下会阴缝合的效果分析

目的:观察阴部神经阻滞麻醉与会阴局部麻醉在阴道分娩会阴缝合中的效果比较。方法:选取2018年3—6月在我院产科经阴道分娩的符合条件的160例产妇,随机分为观察组及对照组。观察组于第二产程胎先露拨露3cm左右时行阴部神经阻滞麻醉,对照组于分娩后需行会阴伤口缝合时行局部麻醉。比较两组的镇痛效果、会阴缝合时间、产后出血率、新生儿窒息率、产妇满意率。结果:观察组在镇痛效果、会阴缝合时间、产妇满意率明显优于对照组(P <0. 05);产后出血率、新生儿窒息率观察组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论:阴部神经阻滞麻醉对会阴缝合的镇痛效果及缩短会阴缝合时间、提高产妇满意率有良好的效果,值得临床推广。     

阴部神经阻滞麻醉在产科中的应用

目的探究阴部神经阻滞麻醉在第二产程分娩镇痛和减轻产痛上应用的临床效果。方法对比我院在2007年使用会阴阻滞麻醉产妇与2006年自然分娩产妇。结果阴部神经阻滞麻醉的使用减轻了分娩疼痛及会阴撕裂伤,减轻了会阴侧切缝合术及阴道助产术等手术操作给患者带来的疼痛,最大程度解除了广大孕产妇分娩时的痛苦。结果疗效显著效果满意。结论阴部神经阻滞麻醉广泛应用于临床产科,减轻分娩痛苦。     

改良式麻醉法在会阴切开术中的镇痛效果观察

目的:探讨神经阻滞联合局部浸润麻醉与单纯神经阻滞麻醉在会阴切开术中的镇痛效果。方法:将126例经阴道分娩需行会阴切开的初产妇随机分成观察组和对照组,每组63例。观察组采用神经阻滞联合局部浸润麻醉,对照组采用单纯神经阻滞麻醉,观察比较两组产妇在会阴切开缝合时的疼痛程度,产后72 h活动情况及会阴切口的愈合情况。结果:观察组缝合伤口时的麻醉镇痛效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。产后72 h观察组产妇自理能力上明显强于对照组。两组会阴伤口愈合情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:神经阻滞联合局部浸润麻醉应用于会阴切口缝合术时镇痛起效快,镇痛效果明显,操作简单、安全。此种麻醉方式不对切口的愈合造成不良影响,值得推广。     

双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉结合处女膜二点剪开对会阴侧切率的影响

目的 探讨双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉结合处女膜二点剪开对初产妇会阴侧切率的影响.方法 选择符合条件的初产妇420例,观察组208例行双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉结合处女膜二点剪开后助胎儿娩出,对照组212例行单侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉后助胎儿娩出.结果 观察组胎头拨露至胎儿娩出时间、伤口缝合时间均短于对照组（均P＜ 0.05）,观察组会阴裂伤程度、会阴侧切率及疼痛评分均小于对照组（均P＜0.01）.结论 双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉再结合处女膜两点处剪开的分娩方式,能显著降低会阴侧切率,减少产妇疼痛,是目前临床上安全、值得推广的分娩模式.     

阴部神经阻滞麻醉镇痛的临床效果观察与分析

①目的 探讨阴部神经阻滞麻醉用于分娩第二产程镇痛的临床效果。②方法 将宫口近开全,用阴部神经阻滞麻醉镇痛初产妇250例作为观察组,将未加干预自然分娩的初产妇250例作为对照组,分别观察第二产程疼痛程度,不良反应及第二、三产程时间,产后2h出血量,会阴侧切及破裂情况,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息,会阴伤口愈合情况。③结果 两组疼痛程度,第二产程,会阴破裂比率有极显著差异(P<0.01);不良反应、会阴侧切有显著差异(P<0.05),两组第三产程时间,产后2h出血量,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息,会阴伤口愈合情况比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。④结论 阴部神经阻滞麻醉用于第二产程中分娩镇痛,镇痛效果好,加速了第二产程进展,降低了会阴侧切及破裂率,减轻了不良反应,对母婴均无不良影响。     

双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉在分娩中的疗效观察

目的观察双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉用于阴道分娩的镇痛疗效。方法对2008年7～12月间我院阴道分娩的产妇428例,随机平分为2组,观察组待宫口开全后采用双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉;对照组将采用常规会阴处理。比较2组镇痛效果、拨露至胎头娩出时间、会阴完整率、裂伤率及产后2h出血情况。结果上述各项观察组均显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉能充分松弛会阴,镇痛效果好,并可提高会阴完整率及降低产后出血率,缩短第二产程,减轻产妇痛苦。     

双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉在产程中的应用

目的探讨双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉在产程中的临床应用和效果。方法随机选择113例无锡市妇幼保健医院经阴道分娩的足月初产妇,分成2组,观察组56例行双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉;对照组57例行单侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉。观察2组会阴切开方式、伤口出血量、伤口疼痛、伤口愈合、产妇的依从性和产妇平均住院时间情况。结果观察组会阴侧切率及切口出血量>20 mL者低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),会阴正中切开率及切口出血量<20 mL者高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组镇痛效果及产妇依从率优于对照组(P<0.05),产妇会阴切口甲级愈合率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平均住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉,降低了会阴侧切率,减少了会阴切口的出血量,减轻了产妇会阴切口的疼痛,提高了会阴切口的甲级愈合率,同时产妇的依从性好,缩短了住院时间,值得临床推广。     

局部浸润与阴部神经阻滞联合麻醉镇痛效果观察

目的探讨联合麻醉方法用于会阴侧切镇痛效果的观察。方法采用局部浸润与阴部神经阻滞联合麻醉用于会阴侧切镇痛的产妇600例作为观察组，将采用单纯阴部神经阻滞麻醉的产妇600例作为对照组，观察两组镇痛强度情况。结果两组完全无痛比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01），两组轻度疼痛无显著性差异；两组重度疼痛有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。     

双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉联合安阴液在产钳助产中的临床应用

目的:探讨双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉在产钳助产中的临床意义。方法:产钳助产会阴侧切的180例初产妇,随机分为观察组、对照组各90例,观察组采用双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉并联合中药安阴液辅助治疗,对照组仅行局部浸润麻醉。观察两组伤口缝合时疼痛情况、侧切伤口延伸程度、伤口出血量及伤口愈合情况。结果:观察组麻醉镇痛效果、侧切伤口延伸程度、伤口出血量、伤口缝合时间及伤口甲级愈合率等指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:双侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉联合中药安阴液在产钳助产中能有效缩短伤口缝合时间,提高伤口甲级愈合率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.