miR-122在非酒精性脂肪肝病中的诊断价值

目的分析miR-122对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的诊断价值及对预后的影响,探讨其临床意义。方法选取2014年7月至2016年1月期间于中山市疾病预防控制中心就诊的94例NAFLD患者,根据超声肝脏回声的强度分为正常组、轻度变性组、重度变性组,同时收集25例非NAFLD患者的体检人员作为对照组,抽取血清提取RNA,采用q RT-PCR检测miR-122的表达,分析miR-122的表达及对疾病的诊断价值。结果 NAFLD患者血清miR-122的表达水平(M=3.81×10-3)明显低于对照组(M=0.042)(P0.05);轻度变性和重度变性NAFLD患者血清miR-122表达水平均低于正常组患者,且随着脂肪变性程度的加重,miR-122的表达水平呈降低的趋势(P0.05);miR-122对NAFLD诊断的AUC值为0.826。结论 NAFLD患者血清miR-122表达下降,miR-122对NAFLD具有潜在诊断价值。     

原发性肝细胞癌患者血清中微小RNA-21、微小RNA-122和微小RNA-145的表达及临床意义

目的探讨原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者血清中微小RNA-21(miR-21)、微小RNA-122(miR-122)和微小RNA-145(miR-145)的表达及临床意义。方法选择2014年9月至2016年9月铜川矿务局中心医院收治的HCC患者100例为HCC组,并选择体检健康者100例作为对照组。采用实时定量荧光聚合酶链反应检测血清中miR-21、miR-122和miR-145的表达水平,分析miR-21、miR-122和miR-145的表达水平与HCC患者临床特征的关系。结果HCC组患者血清中miR-21、miR-122表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),miR-145表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。HCC患者血清中miR-21、miR-122和miR-145表达水平与组织分化程度、临床分期、肿瘤大小及肝硬化有显著相关性(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、乙型肝炎病毒抗原、丙型肝炎病毒抗体无显著相关性(P>0.05)。与高分化和中分化程度、临床分期低、肿瘤直径<5 cm和无肝硬化的患者相比,低分化程度、临床分期高、肿瘤直径≥5 cm和有肝硬化的患者血清中miR-21和miR-122表达显著升高,miR-145表达显著降低(P<0.05)。手术后HCC患者血清中miR-21、miR-122表达水平显著低于手术前,miR-145表达水平显著高于手术前(P<0.05)。结论 miR-21和miR-122表达上调及miR-145表达下调可能与HCC的发生、发展有关,联合检测血清中miR-21、miR-122和miR-145表达对HCC的诊断和病情评估具有重要意义。     

消脂护肝汤对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者肝脏的影响

目的:观察消脂护肝汤对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者肝脏的影响。方法:通过RT-PCR技术及酶标仪检测健康人、高脂血症及NAFLD(轻度、重度)患者血清miR-122的表达,以及总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(Triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)的含量,服用消脂护肝汤2个月后再次测定治疗后患者血清中miR-122表达情况及上述血清指标,对治疗前后的miR-122表达及血清各项指标进行比较,并通过肝脏CT或B超来检测服药前后肝脏影像学变化。结果:miR-122血清表达水平随着脂肪肝的严重程度增加而显著升高(F=735.419,P0.01),通过服用消脂护肝汤后,高脂血症组治疗前后miR-122表达量无差异(t=1.007,P0.05),NAFLD轻度组及NAFLD重度组治疗前后miR-122表达较治疗前显著降低(t=15.407、25.072,P0.01)。高脂血症组、NAFLD轻度组、NAFLD重度组的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C各项指标经过2个月的治疗,与治疗前相比明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者服药前后肝脏影像学也发生明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:miR-122的表达水平随着脂肪肝严重程度而增加,通过服用消脂护肝汤能够显著降低miR-122的表达水平并且能够改善血清相关指标水平,修复肝组织损伤,对于非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者具有一定的治疗作用。     

血清外泌体miR-122及miR-194在心肌梗死患者中诊断早期心衰的价值

背景 目前我国急性心肌梗死发病率迅速增长,心梗后心衰防治现状不容乐观.目的 探讨血清外泌体miR-122及miR-194在心肌梗死早期的动态变化,为心梗后心衰的早期诊断提供参考.方法 选取北京市大兴区中西医结合医院2018年1月-?2020年6月收治的96例急性心肌梗死患者,所有患者均接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,并根据急性心肌梗死(acute?myocardial?infarction,AMI)后是否发生心力衰竭,分为AMI后发生心力衰竭组(35例)和未发生心衰组(61例).采用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术(RT-PCR)检测并比较两组患者术后1?h以及发病后12?h、20?h、24?h和48?h静脉血血清miR-122、miR-194水平以及N-末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal?pro-brain?natriuretic?peptide,NT-proBNP)浓度,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析血清miR-122、miR-194水平与NT-proBNP浓度的相关性.采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver?operating?characteristic curve,ROC)分析患者各时间点的miR-122、miR-194表达水平对心衰发生的诊断价值.结果 经整体分析(两因素重复测量方差分析)知各指标的组间、时间及交互作用的整体差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).组内比较:两组术后1?h以及发病后12?h、20?h、24?h和48?h静脉血血清NT-proBNP浓度以及miR-194水平均呈先上升后下降趋势,并于发病后24?h达到峰值的单峰趋势,miR-122水平呈现先下降后上升趋势,发病后24?h时间点相对表达水平最低;组间比较:除术后1?h时间点外,AMI后发生心力衰竭组患者各时间点的血清NT-proBNP浓度、miR-194水平均高于未发生心衰组,miR-122水平低于未发生心衰组,差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05).Pearson相关性分析结果显示血清miR-122表达水平与NT-proBNP呈显著负相关(r=-0.667,P=0.012),血清miR-194表达水平与NT-proBNP呈显著正相关(r=0.854,P=0.004).ROC分析结果显示,除AMI患者术后1?h?miR-122和miR-194水平对心衰不具有较佳诊断价值外,其余时间点的miR-122、miR-194水平对于心衰均具有较高诊断价值,且发病后12?h诊断价值最高,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.941(95％?CI:0.901～0.965)、0.867(95％?CI:0.829～0.906).结论 AMI患者血清miR-122及miR-194水平分别出现先下降后升高、先升高后下降的单峰趋势,且两者表达水平均与NT-proBNP浓度存在显著相关性;不同时间点的miR-122及miR-194水平诊断心衰价值存在差异,有望成为一种潜在的心力衰竭辅助诊断新型血清生物标志物.     

microRNA-122在甲型肝炎患者血清中的表达

目的:探讨甲型肝炎病毒感染患者血清中miR-122表达水平与健康人及乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的差异。方法:24例甲型肝炎患者、22例乙型肝炎患者及25例健康人血清分别抽提总RNA,用实时定量PCR分析其中miR-122的表达并比较差异。结果:甲型肝炎患者血清中miR-122水平与健康人比较无显著差异(P>0.05),乙型肝炎患者血清中miR-122水平较甲型肝炎患者及健康人均显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:miR-122在甲型肝炎患者血清中较健康人无显著差异,而乙型肝炎患者血清中miR-122表达高于正常水平,提示miR-122可能不适合作为甲型肝炎相关肝病的标记物。     

The Expression of MicroRNA-122 in Serum of Patients with Hepatitis A

目的:探讨甲型肝炎病毒感染患者血清中miR-122表达水平与健康人及乙型肝炎病毒感染患者的差异.方法:24例甲型肝炎患者、22例乙型肝炎患者及25例健康人血清分别抽提总RNA,用实时定量PCR分析其中miR-122的表达并比较差异.结果:甲型肝炎患者血清中miR-122水平与健康人比较无显著差异(P>0.05),乙型肝炎患者血清中miR-122水平较甲型肝炎患者及健康人均显著升高(P<0.05).结论:miR-122在甲型肝炎患者血清中较健康人无显著差异,而乙型肝炎患者血清中miR-122表达高于正常水平,提示miR-122可能不适合作为甲型肝炎相关肝病的标记物.     

血清miR-155 miR-122在丙型肝炎患者中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清miR-155、miR-122在丙型肝炎患者中的表达及其临床意义。方法 选取2016年1月至2020年1月河北省唐山市中心血站和唐山市人民医院收治的128例丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的丙型肝炎患者,另选择同期健康体检正常者50例作为对照组。根据丙型肝炎患者的诊断结果,分为慢性丙型肝炎（CHC）组（52例）、肝硬化组（45例）与肝癌组（31例）。比较各组对象血清miR-155及miR-122表达水平。应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清miR-155及miR-122表达水平诊断肝癌的价值。采用Pearson相关分析分析肝癌组患者血清miR-155表达水平与miR-122的相关性。结果 肝癌组患者血清miR-155表达水平为（2.10±0.96）、miR-122为（4.95±1.92）,均高于CHC组和肝硬化组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。ROC曲线结果显示,miR-155及miR-122二者联合诊断肝癌的曲线下面积（0.937,95% CI：0.875~0.996）最大,其敏感度和特异度为97.24%和85.80%。Pearson相关分析结果显示,肝癌组患者血清miR-155表达水平与miR-122呈正相关（r=0.803,P<0.001）。结论 丙型肝炎患者血清miR-155及miR-122表达水平明显升高,miR-155及miR-122二者联合对诊断肝癌具有较好的价值。     

miR-122-5p和miR-183-5p在脑出血患者中的表达水平及其与神经损伤的相关性

目的 分析脑出血患者神经损伤的影响因素和微小RNA-122-5p(miR-122-5p)、微小RNA-183-5p(miR-183-5p)血清水平对患者神经损伤的诊断价值,探讨二者水平与患者神经损伤的关系。方法 选取2021年6月至2023年7月于绵阳市中心医院住院治疗的146例脑出血患者作为研究对象,依据美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)将患者分为轻度损伤组(85例)和中重度损伤组(61例)。实时荧光定量PCR检测两组患者血清miR-122-5p、miR-183-5p水平;比较两组患者的一般临床资料和血清水平;分析患者血清miR-122-5p、miR-183-5p水平与神经损伤之间的相关性;多因素Logistic回归分析脑出血患者神经损伤程度的影响因素,并分析血清miR-122-5p、miR-183-5p水平对患者神经损伤程度的诊断价值。结果 中重度损伤组患者NIHSS评分和血清miR-122-5p水平均高于轻度损伤组,血清miR-183-5p水平则低于轻度损伤组。miR-122-5p与miR-183-5p水平之间、miR-183-5p水平与NIHSS评分之间均呈负相关;miR-122-5p水平与NIHSS评分呈正相关。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,血肿体积、NIHSS评分、血清miR-122-5p水平为脑出血患者中重度神经损伤的危险因素,miR-183-5p血清水平为其保护因素。ROC曲线分析表明,miR-122-5p和miR-183-5p血清水平可作为脑出血患者中重度神经损伤程度的诊断指标,联合诊断的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)和Youden指数更高。结论 脑出血患者的血清miR-122-5p、miR-183-5p水平与神经损伤密切相关,二者联合检测对脑出血患者神经损伤具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

病毒性心肌炎患者血清miR-1和miR-21的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(VMC)患者血清微小核糖核酸-1(miR-1)和微小核糖核酸-21(miR-21)的表达水平及临床意义。方法选取2018年5月至2019年5月东莞市大朗医院收治的48例VMC患者,分为急性期(28例)和恢复期(20例),并选择同期25例健康者作为对照组。比较各组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)、miR-1及miR-21表达水平。结果与对照组比,VMC恢复期与VMC急性期患者血清miR-1水平低,血清miR-21和cTnⅠ水平高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与VMC恢复期比,VMC急性期患者血清miR-1水平低,血清miR-21和cTnⅠ水平高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 VMC患者血清miR-1低表达,miR-21高表达,通过评估其水平变化利于判断病情,评估预后。     

乳腺癌患者血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155表达水平的临床意义及诊断价值分析

目的探讨乳腺癌患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、微小RNA(miR)-765、miR-155表达水平的临床意义及诊断价值。方法选取2012年3月-2014年12月沧州市妇幼保健院96例乳腺癌患者为乳腺癌组,同期68名健康体检者为对照组。对比两组血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155表达水平及不同病理特征(肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移)、不同预后乳腺癌患者血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155表达水平,绘制ROC曲线观察血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155单一或联合指标诊断乳腺癌的价值,绘制卡普兰-迈耶曲线(K-M)生存曲线分析血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155不同表达水平的乳腺癌患者生存情况。结果乳腺癌组血清HCY、miR-155水平高于对照组,血清miR-765水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。ROC曲线显示,血清HCY、miR-765、miR-155联合检测乳腺癌曲线下面积(AUC)均高于单一指标,依次为联合检测miR-155HCYmiR-765。组织分化程度为中低分化、临床分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移乳腺癌患者血清HCY、miR-155表达水平较高,血清miR-765表达水平较低(P0.05)。5年死亡乳腺癌患者血清HCY、miR-155表达水平高于5年生存患者,血清miR-765表达水平低于5年生存患者(P0.05)。血清HCY、miR-155低表达乳腺癌患者生存率高于高表达患者,血清miR-765低表达乳腺癌患者生存率低于高表达患者。结论乳腺癌患者血清HCY、miR-155高表达,血清miR-765低表达,且表达水平与分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移及生存率密切相关,联合检测可提高诊断价值,为早期干预提供依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.