减瘤性肾切除术联合舒尼替尼治疗肾癌合并肺转移患者的疗效与安全性

目的 评价减瘤性肾切除术联合舒尼替尼治疗肾癌合并肺转移患者的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析该院2015年3月—2021年1月收治的26例肾癌合并肺转移患者的临床资料。其中17例患者为先行减瘤性肾切除术，术后给予舒尼替尼靶向治疗，称为联合手术组。9例患者单用舒尼替尼靶向治疗，称为对照组。评价两组患者的客观缓解率（ORR）、疾病控制率（DCR）、无进展生存时间（PFS）、总生存时间（OS）、24个月生存率和不良反应发生情况。结果 26例患者总中位随访时间是22.5(8～63)个月，其中有2例患者仍在继续治疗。与对照组患者比较，联合手术组患者的客观缓解率（ORR）更高（23.53%vs.11.11%），疾病控制率（DCR）更高（94.12%vs.88.89%），无进展生存时间（PFS）更长（15 vs.9个月），总生存时间（OS）更长（26 vs.16个月），24个月生存率更高（58.82%vs.11.11%），不良反应发生差异不大，经药物减量和对症治疗可耐受。结论 减瘤性肾切除术联合舒尼替尼治疗肾癌合并肺转移优于单用舒尼替尼，可延长无疾病进展时间和总生存时间，且不良反应可控，可使患者生存获...     

阿美替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果及其影响因素

目的 探讨阿美替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者预后的影响因素。方法 选取2020年4月至2022年5月在郑州大学第一附属医院和河南省肿瘤医院住院接受治疗的91例晚期NSCLC患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析其接受阿美替尼靶向治疗的效果和预后以及影响因素。以部分缓解(PR)、疾病稳定(SD)和疾病进展(PD)评判疗效。以生存曲线评价患者预后。应用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,应用log-rank法比较不同亚组患者的生存率,运用多因素Cox风险回归模型分析评估各因素对患者预后的影响。结果 91例患者中,不同脑转移情况、营养风险评分、营养不良的患者生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各指标组间生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有脑转移患者的中位生存时间短于无脑转移患者(P=0.017);存在营养风险患者的中位生存时间短于无营养风险患者(P=0.023);无营养不良患者的中位生存时间长于中重度营养不良患者(P=0.003);T790M阳性和T790M阴性患者累积生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.830)。阿美替尼治疗2个月后,91例患者...     

舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌疗效的Meta分析

目的:对舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的疗效进行系统评价。方法:采取Cochrance系统评价方法,检索Cochrance图书馆(2005-2014)、Pubmed(2000年1月-2014年2月)、EMBASE(1991年1月-2014年2月)、中国知网(2000年1月-2014年2月)和万方数据库(2000年1月-2014年2月)等数据库有关舒尼替尼与干扰素或IL-2治疗转移性肾癌进展的随机对照临床试验的文献纳入研究。采用RevMan 5.2软件对提取资料中纳入研究进行meta分析。结果:共有3篇文献符合纳入标准,共984例患者。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比舒尼替尼在缓解肿瘤方面存在优势[OR=3.79,95%CI(2.59,5.54),P<0.000 01]。舒尼替尼与对照组发生严重不良反应有统计学差异[OR=0.62,95%CI(0.39,0.99),P≤0.05],舒尼替尼较对照组发生严重不良反应相对较少。结论:与对照组相比舒尼替尼单用能更有效缓解肿瘤,而不增加严重不良药物反应风险。     

肾癌患者外周血中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值与其预后的关系分析

目的：：探讨肾癌患者外周血中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比值与其预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析肾癌患者127例的临床及术后随访资料,计算术前外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),Cox回顾分析最小P值法获得三因素在计算总生存率的最佳临界值为3,将患者分为高 NLR 组(NLR>3)28例、低NLR组(NLR≤3)99例,Kaplan-Meier 法了解2组生存情况,并分析肾癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结果：高NLR组年龄≥60岁、TNM Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、远处转移的发生率明显高于低 NLR 组(P<0.05);高 NLR组3年生存率和3年无复发生存率分别为78.57%、71.43%,显著低于低 NLR 组93.94%、88.89%(P<0.05);<60岁、TNM Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、未伴随远处转移、NLR≤3的肾癌患者3年无复发生存率明显高于≥60岁、TNM Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、远处转移、NLR>3的患者(P<0.05);Cox多因素回归分析显示年龄、TNM分期、远处转移、NLR是影响肾癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论：NLR是影响肾癌患者预后的独立危险因素。     

减瘤性肾切除的意义及患者选择

肾细胞癌简称肾癌,起源于肾小管上皮细胞,是泌尿系统最为致命的恶性肿瘤。统计资料显示,近30年来全球肾癌的发病率均呈逐年上升趋势。需要强调的是,大量文献表明超过30％的肾癌患者死于原发病;近30％的患者初诊时就发现远处转移,即为转移性肾癌（ mRCC）;30％初诊为局限性肾癌或局部进展性肾癌的患者最终会进展为mRCC。以往的统计表明mRCC患者的预后不佳,患者6个月生存率为73％、1年的生存率低于50％、2年不足30％、5年约10％。虽然近年来靶向治疗的开展明显提高了mRCC患者的生存时间,但其5年生存率仍低于20％。就mRCC的治疗而言,目前国内外尚无统一的标准治疗方案。过去,多数医疗机构提倡为mRCC患者采用以内科治疗为主的系统性治疗,包括化疗、放疗、细胞因子治疗、激素治疗等,而是否为患者的原发病灶实施手术切除一直存有争议,手术对患者生存影响的实际价值有待明确。本文就实施该手术的意义及患者选择的重要性进行阐述,旨在帮助临床医生提高对mRCC治疗的认识和水平。     

吉非替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌老年患者的临床分析

目的观察吉非替尼单药治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)老年患者的效果和安全性。方法采用吉非替尼(250 mg/d)对87例65岁以上的ⅢB～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者进行治疗,直至病变进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应。结果治疗总有效率为31.0%(27/87);疾病控制率为77.0%(67/87);中位无疾病进展生存时间(PFS)为6.6个月,中位总生存时间为12.3个月;1年生存率为52.9%。腺癌和既往未接受化疗患者的治疗有效率和疾病控制率显著高于非腺癌和既往接受化疗的患者(P<0.05);女性和非吸烟患者的疾病控制率显著高于男性和吸烟患者(P≤0.01)。体能状态ECOG评分0～1、腺癌、非吸烟和吉非替尼治疗有效患者的中位PFS明显优于ECOG评分≥2、非腺癌、吸烟和吉非替尼治疗无效患者(P<0.01);ECOG评分0～1和吉非替尼治疗有效的患者的中位生存时间明显优于ECOG评分≥2和吉非替尼治疗无效患者(P≤0.001)。吉非替尼单药治疗最常见的不良反应为皮疹(56.3%)和腹泻(36.8%)。结论对于晚期NSCLC的老年患者,吉非替尼单药治疗有效且安全,其不良反应均可耐受。     

吉非替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌老年患者的临床分析

目的观察吉非替尼单药治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)老年患者的效果和安全性。方法采用吉非替尼(250 mg/d)对87例65岁以上的ⅢB～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者进行治疗,直至病变进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应。结果治疗总有效率为31.0%(27/87);疾病控制率为77.0%(67/87);中位无疾病进展生存时间(PFS)为6.6个月,中位总生存时间为12.3个月;1年生存率为52.9%。腺癌和既往未接受化疗患者的治疗有效率和疾病控制率显著高于非腺癌和既往接受化疗的患者(P<0.05);女性和非吸烟患者的疾病控制率显著高于男性和吸烟患者(P≤0.01)。体能状态ECOG评分0～1、腺癌、非吸烟和吉非替尼治疗有效患者的中位PFS明显优于ECOG评分≥2、非腺癌、吸烟和吉非替尼治疗无效患者(P<0.01);ECOG评分0～1和吉非替尼治疗有效的患者的中位生存时间明显优于ECOG评分≥2和吉非替尼治疗无效患者(P≤0.001)。吉非替尼单药治疗最常见的不良反应为皮疹(56.3%)和腹泻(36.8%)。结论对于晚期NSCLC的老年患者,吉非替尼单药治疗有效且安全,其不良反应均可耐受。     

舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的疗效及安全性评价

目的探讨舒尼替尼治疗转移性肾癌的有效性及安全性,并总结相关临床使用经验。方法选取我院2010年1月至2014年3月治疗的肾癌患者28例,对患者给予舒尼替尼治疗,连续用药1个月后停药2周,以6周作为一个循环。结果治疗一段时间后对患者身体状况进行观察,同时对本次治疗进行相应评价,本次治疗治愈患者1例,部分缓解6例,稳定20例,1例处于病情进展状态。治疗期间观察到患者出现了一些不良反应症状,例如高血压、口腔溃疡、腹泻、血红蛋白减少等。结论舒尼替尼对于转移性肾癌治疗效果优良,可以显著提高疾病控制率,其所产生的不良反应患者尚可接受,对临床治疗十分有利。     

原发性胃肠间质肿瘤临床探析

目的探讨原发性胃肠间质肿瘤的临床诊治特点。方法本次共选取50例原发性GIST患者作研究对象,均为我院2008年4月-2013年4月收治,回顾诊治资料及预后。结果随访1年显示,总生存率为98%;随访2年显示,总生存率为72%;随访5年显示,总生存率为58%。完全切除2年总生存率明显高于非完全切除,采用伊马替尼治疗2年总生存率明显高于非此药物治疗者,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论原发GIST中核分裂相数和肿瘤大小为重要预后因素,伊马替尼可使生存率提高,在采取手术完全切除治疗后与伊马替尼联用可使复发或转移延缓,提高患者生存质量。     

晚期肾细胞癌18例治疗体会

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是最常见的肾脏恶性肿瘤,具有多药耐药性,对放化疗均不敏感,25%～30%的患者就诊时已发生转移,行根治性手术后仍有20%～40%的患者出现复发或转移,发生转移者中位生存期(OS)仅8～12个月,5a生存率不足10%[1]。传统以干扰素α和IL-2为基础的免疫治疗总有效率低且存在严重的不良反应[2]。临床试验[2]证实以舒尼替尼为代表的分子靶向药物在治疗转移性RCC方面能够获得较高疾病控制率,延长患者的无进展生存时间,改善晚期转移性RCC患者的生存状况,然而尚缺乏大样本的临床研     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.