超声对剖宫产术后子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值

目的 探讨剖宫产术后腹壁子宫内膜异位症(简称内膜异位症)的彩色多普勒超声表现,临床特点、诊治方法和预防措施.方法 对9例手术和病理证实的腹壁内膜异位症的彩色多普勒超声结果进行分析.结果 9例肿物均位于皮下脂肪层,最大直径为1.6 ～3.8 cm,边缘不光滑,常呈毛刺状侵及腹直肌前筋膜;内部呈不均匀的低回声,可见一个或数个小的液性暗区;彩色多普勒显示肿物内部均可见点状或条状血流信号,为低速高阻的动脉血流.结论 与临床资料相结合,特征性超声表现结合典型临床症状,较易做出腹壁内膜异位症的诊断,从而对临床病灶的彻底清除具有重要的指导价值;并且诊断迅速、操作简便、无创伤、可靠、可重复性强等优点,因此,彩色多普勒超声是诊断腹壁内膜异位症的一种确切有价值的方法.     

腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的超声诊断与分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的彩色多普勒超声表现。方法:对15例经手术和病理证实的腹壁切口内膜异位症的彩色多普勒超声检查结果进行分析。结果:腹壁切口处探及类圆形低回声肿块,边界模糊,不规则,无包膜,CDFI:肿块周边见少量稀疏血流信号,中央部分未见明显血流信号。PW:肿块周边可见低速高阻的动脉频谱。结论:彩色多普勒超声有助于对腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

彩超诊断剖宫产术后腹壁疤痕子宫内膜异位症

目的探讨剖宫产术后腹壁疤痕子宫内膜异位症(简称腹壁内异症)的彩色多普勒超声表现。方法对8例经手术和病理证实的腹壁内异症的彩色多普勒超声结果进行回顾性分析。结果8例肿物均位于皮下脂肪层,直径为1.6～3.7cm;形态不规则,边缘不光滑,常呈毛刺状侵及腹直肌前筋膜;内部呈不均匀的低回声,可见一个或数个小的液性暗区;彩色多普勒显示肿物内部均可见点状和/或条状血流信号,为低速高阻的动脉血流。结论与临床资料相结合,彩色多普勒超声是诊断腹壁内异症的一种有价值的方法。     

高频超声对剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值

目的:探讨高频超声对剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值。方法:对35例剖宫产术后临床疑似腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的患者进行高频超声检查,分析其声像图特征。结果:35例患者38处病灶均经手术病理证实为腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症。声像图表现为腹壁切口处探及形态不规则、内部不均匀的低回声,33例病灶局限于皮下脂肪层,5例累及腹直肌。彩色多普勒(CDFI):血流信号无特异性。结论:高频超声检查作为剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的影像学检查方法之一,便捷、无创,可为临床提供可靠的诊治依据。     

彩色多普勒超声在腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症诊断中的应用

目的分析彩色多普勒超声在腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月至2018年11月我院收治的腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症患者40例,均行彩色多普勒超声诊断,以手术病理诊断作为金标准,计算彩色多普勒超声诊断符合率,同时分析彩色多普勒超声图像特征。结果彩色多普勒超声诊断结果与手术病理诊断结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。37例肿块内部血流信号不明显,周边部分显示分支状或者条状血流信号,占92.50%。3例内部显示血流信号为少许星点状,周边血流信号为半环状,周边为动脉频谱血流信号,特点为低速高阻,占7.50%,PSV在6.6～19.1 cm/s,RI在0.69～0.82。结论彩色多普勒超声可有效提高腹壁瘢痕处子宫内膜异位症诊断准确率,并对其血流信号、回声、边界等做出具体分析,值得临床应用。     

剖宫产术后腹壁瘢痕子宫内膜异位症的彩色超声诊断

目的 探讨剖宫产术后腹壁瘢痕子宫内膜异位症的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现特征。方法 对11例手术及病理证实的腹壁内膜异位症的超声图像进行回顾性分析。结果腹壁瘢痕处探及边界不清、形态不规则、内部回声不均的低回声肿块，均位于皮下脂肪层；彩色多普勒显示肿块周边部血流丰富，多普勒频谱表现为低速高阻的特点，PVS 5．4～15．2cm／s，RI 0．65～0．81。结论 彩色多普勒超声是诊断腹壁瘢痕子宫内膜异位症有价值的方法。     

探讨彩色多普勒超声对剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的诊断价值。方法本组患者为我院2010年1月~2013年8月收治的腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症患者共48例,手术前患者常规行彩色多普勒超声检查,检查后随访患者手术治疗的病理结果并进行比较。结果 43例患者术前彩色多普勒超声检查诊断为腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症。5例误诊的患者中,2例被诊断为腹壁炎性肿块,1例被误诊为腹壁纤维瘤,2例被误诊为腹壁皮下脂肪瘤。结论彩色多普勒超声是诊断剖宫产术后腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的有效方法,应作为诊断腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症的主要方法在临床上加以应用。     

彩色多普勒超声在腹壁子宫内膜异位症诊断中的应用

目的通过分析腹壁子宫内膜异位症的彩色多普勒超声图像特征,探讨彩色多普勒超声在其诊断及临床应用中的价值。方法回顾性分析总结29例腹壁子宫内膜异位症患者的超声临床资料。结果 29例腹壁子宫内膜异位症患者,超声检查病变位于皮下脂肪层内15例,位于脂肪层及肌层内11例,累及壁层腹膜3例,所有病例均经手术病理证实。结论彩色多普勒超声能清晰显示腹壁子宫内膜异位症病变的大小、范围、内部回声及内部血流特征,可为临床提供直接可靠的诊断信息。     

高频彩色多普勒超声诊断剖宫产术后子宫内膜异位症的临床研究

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声诊断剖宫产术后子宫内膜异位症的临床价值。方法选取本院2011年12月至2013年10月剖宫产孕妇376例,行高频彩色多普勒超声检查。根据子宫内膜异位症的发生情况分为两组,23例发生子宫内膜异位症患者为观察组,353例未发生子宫内膜异位症患者为对照组,分析高频彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜异位症的临床价值。结果剖宫产术后子宫内膜异位症患者年龄高发于30岁以上,月经期血流较为丰富,血流频谱为低速高阻,回声多为不均质低回声,边缘呈现毛刺状,有压痛感。结论高频彩色多普勒超声可准确诊断剖宫产术后子宫内膜异位症,具有操作简单、无创、准确性高等优点,值得临床推广使用。     

高频彩超诊断腹壁子宫内膜异位症的价值

目的 探讨彩色多谱勒超声在诊断剖宫产术后腹壁子宫内膜异位症中的应用。方法对12例经手术及病理证实的腹壁切口子宫内膜异位症患者的超声图像资料进行回顾性分析、研究。结果腹壁子宫内膜异位症声像图表现为腹壁切口处不均质的低回声结节;边界不清晰;周边回声增强。内部血流信号不丰富。高频彩超能发现早期病变及明确病变范围。结论高频超声有助于临床诊断腹壁子宫内膜异位症,判断病变范围,指导临床手术。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.