跟腱损伤的MRI诊断

目的:评价跟腱损伤的MRI诊断价值。方法:回顾11例有明确踝关节损伤史、经手术证实为跟腱损伤患者的MRI表现,并与手术结果对照。结果:11例MRI均有异常表现,诊断为跟腱完全断裂5例、部分断裂6例。MRI对跟腱的形态及其内部结构显示直接、清晰、完整。跟腱损伤表现为跟腱不均匀增粗,腱内信号增高、紊乱,腱束的连续性完全中断或部分中断。结论:MRI能够直接显示外伤后跟腱的形态、内部结构及周围软组织改变,并能准确显示跟腱完全撕裂与部分撕裂的部位和程度,对临床诊治具有重要指导意义。     

磁共振成像在飞行人员闭合性跟腱损伤诊断中的应用（摘要）

目的探讨磁共振成像在飞行人员闭合性跟腱损伤的应用价值,为临床诊断提供影像学依据。方法对经手术证实的7例飞行人员闭合性跟腱损伤病例的磁共振成像表现进行回顾性分析。结果术前7例病人的磁共振成像诊断分别为跟腱断裂（2例）和不完全断裂（5例）,手术结果与磁共振成像诊断相一致。     

闭合性跟腱撕裂的MRI诊断

目的 探讨闭合性跟腱撕裂的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析24例(25根)闭合性跟腱撕裂病例的MRI表现.结果 24例中19例行手术治疗,包括1例双侧跟腱撕裂.完全撕裂23根,部分撕裂2根.完全撕裂显示跟腱连续性中断,断端分离,跟腱远侧段内可见条、片状等T1等长T2异常信号.小腿三头肌明显回缩,跟腱部增粗,宽径/前后径比值减小.跟腱部分撕裂显示跟腱局限性增粗或跟腱保持部分连续性,跟腱内示局限性高信号.结论 MRI可显示跟腱撕裂的部位、类型以及撕裂处断端的情况,为临床提供重要的诊断信息.     

3D-FIESTA和3D-FSE对于跟腱损伤的诊断价值

目的：研究闭合性跟腱撕裂患者的MRI影像特点,比较其在不同MRI序列上的表现,探讨新序列在跟腱撕裂中的诊断价值。方法分析2011年6月-2013年6月间在我院就诊的41例跟腱损伤患者的MRI表现。将41例患者分为A、B两组。A组25例,行常规序列扫描（T1WI＋T2WI＋STIR）,B组16例,行常规序列（T1WI＋T2WI＋STIR）及新序列（3D-FIESTA＋3D-FSE）扫描。MRI检查后,A组11例、B组8例行手术治疗,并将其影像资料与手术结果进行比较,比较A、B组的诊断效能。结果跟腱部分撕裂的MRI表现为跟腱增粗,跟腱内条状或片状高信号。完全撕裂的MRI表现为跟腱损伤处完全分离,断端回缩或完全交错。A组诊断完全撕裂10例均行手术治疗,手术结果9例为完全撕裂。B组诊断完全撕裂7例均与手术证实符合。结论MRI对于诊断跟腱撕裂具有重要价值,新序列（3D-FIESTA,3D-FSE）能提高诊断跟腱完全撕裂的正确率及部分撕裂的检出率。     

MRI对闭合性跟腱撕裂的诊断价值

目的:探讨完全和部分闭合性跟腱撕裂的影像学特征和MRI诊断准确性.方法:回顾性分析39例MRI诊断为跟腱撕裂患者的影像资料,并与手术和/或临床综合诊断结果进行比较,分析MRI诊断完全和部分跟腱撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性.结果:39例闭合性跟腱撕裂病例,主要MRI表现为跟腱增粗,腱内信号增高,腱束连续性完全或部分中断,腱周软组织肿胀和积液.本组中MRI诊断完全和部分闭合性跟腱撕裂的敏感度、特异度和诊断符合率分别为100%、92%、95%,阳性预测值为88%,阴性预测值为100%.结论:MRI能够清晰显示跟腱撕裂的形态及内部结构,可以准确诊断完全和部分性跟腱撕裂,有利于指导临床选择合理的治疗方案.     

急性跟腱撕裂的低场MRI诊断

目的探讨低场MRI在急性跟腱损伤中的诊断价值和表现。方法分析29例有踝关节外伤病史、经临床或手术证实且MRI资料完整的跟腱完全撕裂或部分撕裂患者,总结其特征性MRI表现。结果 MRI诊断跟腱完全撕裂10例,MRI特征性表现为肌腱增粗、形态不规则,肌腱束连续性完全中断,肌腱断端回缩呈"杵"状或交错呈"毛刷"状改变,在T₁WI、T₂WI上其内呈混杂高信号。部分性撕裂19例,MRI表现为跟腱增粗,前后径与宽径的比例变大,在T₁WI、T₂WI上肌腱内局限性高信号,肌腱束部分毛糙、不规则,但在矢状位至少有1层面连续。结论低场MRI能清晰显示跟腱形态及内部结构,可以准确诊断撕裂的部位和程度,为临床手术治疗提供准确的依据。     

急性跟腱撕裂的影像学诊断

目的探讨跟腱撕裂的X线平片和MRI诊断价值。方法分析21例有急性踝关节损伤病史、经手术证实为跟腱完全撕裂或部分撕裂患者的X线平片和MRI表现，并与手术结果对照。结果21例MRI均有异常表现，诊断跟腱完全撕裂7例，部分撕裂14例，MRI表现为跟腱增粗，腱内信号增高，腱束连续性完全中断或部分中断。X线片5例诊断跟腱撕裂，12例疑似撕裂，4例正常。手术结果完全撕裂9例，部分撕裂12例。结论MRI能准确显示跟腱撕裂的程度和部位，对临床治疗具有重要的指导意义；X线可作为跟腱撕裂初诊的辅助检查，但明确诊断还有赖于MRI。     

军事训练致跟腱损伤的低场MRI诊断

目的探讨低场MRI在军事训练所致跟腱损伤中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析有军事训练致踝关节损伤病史并经临床和手术证实的跟腱损伤患者23例,总结其低场MRI表现。结果部分性损伤16例,完全性损伤7例。跟腱损伤发生在上段4例、中段17例、下段2例。MRI主要表现为跟腱增粗、连续性完全或部分中断,断端间为不规则大片状T1WI稍高信号、T2WI及STIR高信号。跟腱损伤伴其他韧带受累10例,骨挫伤11例,12例合并腱周积液(水肿、出血)。结论低场MRI能准确判断跟腱损伤的性质、范围、程度及合并症,对临床制定治疗方案有重要价值。     

高频超声快速诊断急性闭合跟腱断裂临床价值

目的探讨高频超声在快速诊断急性闭合跟腱断裂中的应用价值。方法对急诊收治急性闭合跟腱断裂的100例患者进行高频超声检查,观察损伤跟腱的形态、内部结构及回声改变,判断跟腱损伤程度并将超声诊断结果与急诊手术结果相比较。结果急诊手术结果显示,跟腱完全性断裂85例,高频超声快速诊断均检出,诊断符合率为100%。不完全断裂14例,高频超声漏诊3例,诊断符合率80%。漏诊3例均为微小部分断裂,后被MRI确诊。误诊1例,疑似为跟腱微小囊肿,误诊率1%。结论高频超声可快速诊断急性闭合跟腱断裂,是一种便捷、经济、可靠、无创的诊断方法,为断裂跟腱快速急诊手术提供临床依据。     

急诊超声在闭合性完全性跟腱断裂诊断中应用价值

目的 探讨急诊超声在闭合性完全性跟腱断裂诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取自2019年1月至2021年8月在北部战区总医院急诊入院诊断并手术的106例跟腱断裂患者为研究对象。回顾性分析患者的影像资料,以术中探查结果为“金标准”,计算急诊超声在闭合性完全性跟腱断裂诊断中的敏感性、特异性及诊断符合率等。结果 超声诊断跟腱完全性断裂82例、部分断裂24例,术中探查跟腱完全性断裂80例、部分性断裂26例。急诊超声诊断完全性跟腱断裂的敏感性为97.5%,特异性为84.6%,阳性预测值为95.1%,阴性预测值为91.6%,误诊率为1.5%,与术中所见诊断符合率为94.3%。结论 急诊超声可迅速、准确诊断急性闭合性跟腱断裂,为急诊医师提供快速、有效的影像诊断依据。     

MRI在跟腱撕裂的诊断价值

目的：探讨不同程度跟腱撕裂的MRI表现的具体特点,评估MRI在跟腱损伤病例中的诊断价值。方法：本院自2007年8月-2009年10月MRI共诊断跟腱损伤11例,所有患者均行MRI常规TSE序列轴位、矢状、冠状位扫描,并追加矢状SPIR序列。结果：全部病例均显示相应跟腱撕裂MRI表现,其中完全撕裂4例,部分撕裂7例,表现为跟腱周围及腱旁脂肪垫积液、跟腱形态的改变、跟腱信号异常以及在完全性撕裂中显示缺口的范围及大小。结论：利用MRI诊断跟腱撕裂,可以精确判定其撕裂程度、范围以及是否合并骨髓水肿。     

Partial rupture of the proximal Achilles tendon: a differential diagnostic problem in ultrasound imaging

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasound can correctly visualise partial ruptures of the proximal Achilles tendon. Method: This was a prospective study in which all chronic Achilles tendon injury patients seen at three centres in Germany from 1998 to 2003 were screened. All patients with clinical and/or sonographic signs of abnormalities in the region of the proximal third of the Achilles tendon and tendomuscular junction were included in the analysis. Each of these cases was evaluated by ultrasound following an assessment protocol. Patients with ambiguous ultrasound findings and/or clinical signs were additionally assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Sonomorphologic changes suggestive of an abnormality in the proximal third of the Achilles tendon were detected in 13 out of 320 patients (4.2%) with recurring Achilles tendon complaints. Thirteen patients had clinical signs but no sonographic changes in the tendon. The sonographic diagnosis was correct in 19 cases. In six of the 26 cases studied, MRI was needed to establish the correct diagnosis of partial intratendinous rupture of the proximal Achilles tendon. Sensitivity was 0.5, specificity was 0.81, and the overall agreement of the ultrasound examination was 61.5%. All patients were asymptomatic at follow up at a mean of 14 months (range 12–17 months) after surgery. Conclusions: Ultrasound is a useful tool for evaluation of proximal Achilles tendon complaints. However, ultrasound is not sufficiently reliable for diagnosis of all pathologies, especially partial ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Thus, the definitive diagnosis must be established by MRI.     

Humeral avulsion of the anterior shoulder stabilizing structures after anterior shoulder dislocation: demonstration by MRI and MR arthrography

 Objective. To demonstrate the MRI findings of an anterior shoulder capsular avulsion from the humerus, with or without subscapularis rupture, after anterior dislocation or severe abduction external rotation injury. Design and patients. We retrospectively reviewed the MRI and MR arthrographic examinations of seven patients who were identified at surgery with avulsion of the anterior shoulder stabilizers from the humerus. MRI was correlated with clinical history and surgical results. Results. MRI findings included: inhomogeneity or frank disruption of the anterior capsule at the humeral insertion (all), fluid intensity anterior to the shoulder (six patients), tear of the subscapularis tendon (six patients), dislocation of the biceps tendon (four patients), and a Hill-Sachs deformity (four patients). MR arthrography additionally found extravasation of contrast through the capsular defect (two patients). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that MRI is helpful for diagnosing humeral avulsion of the anterior glenohumeral capsule, especially when a tear of the subscapularis tendon insertion is present. MR arthrography may be of benefit for diagnosing capsular avulsion without associated subscapularis tendon abnormality.     

Normal anatomy and pathological conditions of subscapular muscle: US findings compared with surgery

PURPOSE: To compare US results with those of surgery in the assessment of the subscapularis tendon. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1995 to December 1998 1500 patients underwent US of the shoulder. 12 of these patients had an injured subscapularis tendon. US results of these patients were evaluated retrospectively and compared with those of surgery. US examinations of the subscapularis tendon were performed with two US units (AU4 Idea and HDI 3000), using linear arrays 10-13 MHz transducers. The following features of the tendon were evaluated: morphology, thickness and echotexture. RESULTS: A) US findings. US showed: - chronic degenerative tendon changes with diffusely inhomogeneous echotexture (5 cases); - focal tears with small hypoechoic ill-defined areas or gross hypo-anechoic areas involving the full thickness of the tendon (4 cases); - complete tendon tear with disappearance on US of the subscapularis tendon or with severe thickening of the tendon (2 cases); - in 1 case of recent anterior dislocation of the shoulder a bulky hematoma was seen with coexisting thickening and subtotal tear of the tendon. B) Surgical findings. US findings were confirmerd at surgery in 10 of the 12 patients. In the patient with anterior dislocation of shoulder the diagnosis hematoma was confirmed, but the subscapularis tendon was undamaged. Moreover, in 1 out of the 5 patients with US diagnosis of chronic degenerative tendon changes, a small focal tear of the tendon was found at surgery. CONCLUSION: US is a first level investigation which is able to demonstrate early changes of the subscapularis tendon and nearby structures. Awareness of pitfalls might decrease the use of second level investigations such as CT arthrography and MR imaging, which on the other hand allow a better definition and assessment of the extent of the injury.     

Lesions of the Achilles tendon: Evaluation with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose

This work aims at evaluating the role of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the lesions affecting Achilles tendon of the ankle joint.

Patients and methods

The study is a prospective study of 28 patients. Some of them are complaining of a posterior heel pain, stiffness & a limitation of movements, soft tissue thickness and swollen and ecchymotic ankle. Plain X-ray (anteroposterior and lateral views), ultrasound examination were performed for both ankles of all patients with the patients in a prone position, the Achilles tendon was examined from its musculotendinous junction to its calcaneal insertion in both longitudinal and transverse views. Finally, MRI was performed with the patients in supine position, the foot is dorsiflexed, axial and sagittal T1, T2-weighted images, STIR & proton density were done for all patients.

Results

Out of 28 patients that were examined, the final diagnosis included; eight cases of tendinopathy (five cases peritendinosis, and three cases tendinosis), 16 cases of partial thickness tear (as compared to arthroscope), and four cases of full thickness tear.

Conclusion

Ultrasound is an important complementary diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of lesions of Achilles tendon, it is as good as MRI in the diagnosis of tendinopathy and full thickness tear, however MRI is more superior in the diagnosis of partial thickness tear, and in the differentiation of the different types of tendinopathy.     

MSCT在肌键、韧带损伤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨MSCT在肌腱、韧带损伤中的诊断价值。方法:回顾分析骨关节创伤中肌腱、韧带损伤的CT表现,部分与MRI检查或手术结果对照。结果:24例膝关节韧带损伤中,前交叉韧带损伤11条,后交叉韧带损伤8条,外侧副韧带损伤6条;4例跟腱损伤,跟腱不全性撕裂3条,断裂1条。结论:MSCT对较薄韧带的显示欠佳,但对肌腱及较粗韧带(如交叉韧带等)的显示效果好,对其损伤的诊断较为准确,可为临床提供重要的诊断与治疗依据。     

Iliopsoas injury: an MRI study of patterns and prevalence correlated with clinical findings

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to retrospectively determine the prevalence and patterns of iliopsoas injuries based on consecutive MRI examinations, correlated with clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 4,862 consecutive MRI examinations of the hips and pelvis, 32 patients with 33 iliopsoas injuries were identified and graded as muscle strain, partial tendon tear, and complete tendon tears. These patients' medical records were reviewed to determine age, gender, and cause of symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of iliopsoas tendon and myotendinous injuries was 0.66% (95% CI: 0.44-0.89). There were 18 females and 14 males whose ages ranged from 7 to 95 years (mean, 54 years). The most frequent presenting symptom was hip pain and the most frequent clinical diagnosis, an occult fracture. The most common injuries in patients under 65 years (16 patients) were muscle strains and partial tendon tears, most often due to an athletic injury. The most common injury in patients 65 years and older (16 patients) was a complete tear (8 patients, all females), 2 of which were spontaneous in origin. CONCLUSIONS: Each grade of iliopsoas injury occurred with similar frequency. The more advanced the age of the patient, the more severe the injury. Non-athletic injuries predominated in patients 65 years and older; athletic injuries were the most common cause of iliopsoas injury in patients under 65 years.