Midterm results of Ilizarov hip reconstruction for late sequelae of childhood septic arthritis

The management of hip instability as a consequence of septic arthritis in childhood is difficult. Ilizarov hip reconstruction is a double-level femoral osteotomy with the objective of eliminating hip instability, through a proximal valgus–extension–derotation osteotomy and a distal varization–lengthening osteotomy for mechanical axis correction and equalization limb length. Ilizarov hip reconstruction was performed for 16 adult patients with complaints of hip pain, leg-length discrepancy, limping, reduced activity and limited abduction of the hip as a result of childhood septic arthritis. Their ages ranged from 19 to 32 years (mean 23.2 ± 4.2). Ilizarov external fixator was used in all cases. At the time of last follow-up that ranged from 60 to 132 months (mean 85.6 ± 23.5), the Harris hip score (HHS) showed excellent functional outcome in two cases (12.50 %), good in 13 cases (81.25 %) and fair in one case (6.25 %). There was no poor functional outcome in any case. Preoperatively, the mean HHS was 56.18 points, and at the time of last follow-up, it improved to a mean of 84.62 points. Pain subsided in all patients, the Trendelenburg sign became negative in all but three (19 %) patients, no patient had limb-length discrepancy, and the alignment of the extremity was reestablished in all cases. No additional operations were required. Ilizarov hip reconstruction is a valuable and durable solution for the late sequelae of childhood septic arthritis of the hip presenting in adult patients.     

Treatment of the late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip

Numerous salvage procedures have been proposed for the treatment of late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip. Despite this, there are no reports in the literature discussing treatment with simultaneous hip reconstruction and femoral lengthening using the hybrid advanced Ilizarov method. The authors reviewed their experience with this technique, and present 15 patients treated between 1982 and 1997. The average age of the patients was 21.1 years and the average limb length discrepancy was 6.5 cm. All the hips were classified according to the classification of Choi et al. The time the external fixator was worn was 225.5 days and the average followup was 108 months. The results were classified based on pain relief, residual deformity, range of motion, Trendelenburg sign, and limb length discrepancy. Ten patients had a good or excellent result, three patients had a fair result, and only two patients had a poor result. Major complications included a common peroneal nerve palsy in one patient, loss of angulation of the proximal femoral osteotomy in two patients, and a mild knee subluxation in three patients all of whom responded to treatment. At the latest followup, 13 patients were satisfied with the treatment, all had returned to their previous occupations, and no patient had a total hip arthroplasty.     

Acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy in total hip arthroplasty: a technique to optimize the acetabular reconstruction in acetabular dysplasia

Twenty-six patients (30 hips) who had acetabular dysplasia were operated on by circumferential acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy to reconstruct the acetabulum during total hip arthroplasty. All patients had cementless acetabular components implanted. The average acetabular component size was 50 mm (range, 44-56 mm). Only 2 hips needed structural bone graft. The mean follow-up period was 22 months (range, 6-32 months). Harris hip score had changed from 47.31 (range, 19-69 points) to 94.69 (range, 85-100 points) postoperatively (P < .01). Using the Ranawat acetabular triangle to determine the optimal hip center of rotation, the postoperative hip biomechanical environment had been improved. Our short-term follow-up suggests this technique is reliable and reproducible and generally avoids the use of bone graft and graft site morbidity. In addition, it allows the use of standard modular cementless components in patients with acetabular dysplasia.     

Late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip in infancy and childhood

We report a multicenter long-term follow-up study of patients with septic arthritis of the hip during infancy or childhood. Group I ("infantile") consisted of patients with onset before age 3 months, and Group II ("childhood") consisted of patients in whom onset occurred after age 3 months. Patients were specifically examined for this review. Generally, patients at follow-up had poor anatomic appearance radiographically and scored poorly on the Harris rating system. However, pain and activity restriction were minimal. Patients who were not treated operatively tended to function better than patients who underwent operative reconstruction.     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Trochanteric osteotomy in total hip replacement for congenital hip disease

We studied the effect of trochanteric osteotomy in 192 total hip replacements in 140 patients with congenital hip disease. There was bony union in 158 hips (82%), fibrous union in 29 (15%) and nonunion in five (3%). The rate of union had a statistically significant relationship with the position of reattachment of the trochanter, which depended greatly on the pre-operative diagnosis. The pre-operative Trendelenburg gait substantially improved in all three disease types (dysplasia, low and high dislocation) and all four categories of reattachment position. A persistent Trendelenburg gait post-operatively was noticed mostly in patients with defective union (fibrous or nonunion). Acetabular and femoral loosening had a statistically significant relationship with defective union and the position of reattachment of the trochanter. These results suggest that the complications of trochanteric osteotomy in total hip replacement for patients with congenital hip disease are less important than the benefits of this surgical approach.     

Bone grafting in total hip replacement for acetabular protrusion

Total hip replacement combined with acetabuloplasty was performed in 43 hips in 40 patients with protrusion secondary to arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis or trauma. Depending on the acetabular defect, the acetabuloplasty encompassed reinforcement of the medial wall with bone grafts, vitallium meshes, protrusion rings and cups. The clinical and radiographic results were uniformly good on average 2 years postoperatively. All grafts appeared to be united and incorporated, without evidence of resorption. The only patient suffering from pain had radiographic signs of progressive varus migration of the femoral component.     

Bone grafting in total hip replacement for acetabular protrusion

Total hip replacement combined with acetabuloplasty was performed in 43 hips in 40 patients with protrusion secondary to arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis or trauma. Depending on the acetabular defect, the acetabuloplasty encompassed reinforcement of the medial wall with bone grafts, vitallium meshes, protrusio rings and cups. The clinical and radiographic results were uniformly good on average 2 years postoperatively. All grafts appeared to be united and incorporated, without evidence of resorption. The only patient suffering from pain had radiographic signs of progressive varus migration of the femoral component.     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia: spontaneous medial enlargement of the acetabulum

We followed 56 patients (63 joints) who had undergone rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAOs) between 1987 and 1993, mean 7 (5-12) years. The Merle d'Aubigné score increased by 15 points or more in 59 and decreased in 4 hips. The arthrosis progressed in 5 joints. In about 2/3 of the cases, we observed some medial and/or lateral expansion of the subchondral bone in the acetabulum 3 years postoperatively, suggesting enlargement of the load-bearing area.     

Rotational acetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia: Spontaneous medial enlargement of the acetabulum

We followed 56 patients (63 joints) who had undergone rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAOs) between 1987 and 1993, mean 7 (5-12) years. The Merle d'Aubigné score increased by 15 points or more in 59 and decreased in 4 hips. The arthrosis progressed in 5 joints. In about 2/3 of the cases, we observed some medial and/or lateral expansion of the subchondral bone in the acetabulum 3 years postoperatively, suggesting enlargement of the load-bearing area.     

Cementless hemispheric acetabular component in total hip replacement

A series of 198 total hip arthroplasties was performed using a porous-coated, hemispheric press-fit cup. One hundred and twenty-seven cups were available for clinical and radiological examination at mean follow-up of 10.6 years. The mean age at the index procedure was 61.2 years. The mean Harris hip score at final follow-up was 89.8. Three cups were revised for aseptic loosening and two liners were changed for eccentric wear and pelvic osteolysis. Nine additional patients showed mild or suspected osteolysis. Two cups were rated "fibrous" stable. There was no correlation between additional screw fixation of the press-fit cup and osteolysis or revision.     

全髋关节置换术中髋臼意外的处理

目的 探讨全髋置换术中髋臼意外的处理方法。方法 回顾性分析11例13髋全髋置换术中出现的髋臼假体床骨质不足、缺损,利用截除的股骨头自体植骨进行修补或重建,对髋臼顶被锉穿盆腔出血,采用填塞止血并用股骨头松质骨骨泥填塞后重建。结果 随访6个月～3年,通过临床和放射学评定,优良率达84.62％,无髋臼假体松动及移位。结论 利用自体股骨头移植修复、重建置换术中出现意外的髋臼,可以获得较满意的结果。     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折

目的: 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效与方法。方法: 回顾全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折患者 17例, 总结分析其手术入路的选择, 异位骨化组织、内固定物以及髋臼骨缺损的处理方法。结果: 17例病人中有14例得到随访, 平均随访时间为 3年 7个月 (1年 2个月~9年 8个月)。出现感染 1例, 脱位 1例, 无菌松动 2例。术后再次异位骨化者 2例, 其中 1例引起坐骨神经症状, 再次行神经松解术。所有随访病例, 髋关节功能均有改善,Harris评分由术前平均 51分, 提高到术后 89分。结论: 选择正确的手术入路, 适当处理异位骨化组织和内固定物,重建髋臼骨缺损, 是全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折成功的关键。     

Osteochondroplasty of the femoral head in hip reconstruction for type II late sequelae of septic arthritis: a preliminary report

Purpose  To suggest different procedures tailored for hip reconstruction in type II late sequelae of septic arthritis. Methods  The severely deformed subluxated or dislocated femoral head is reshaped in accordance to radiographic and on-table assessment (osteochondroplasty). Sixteen hips in 13 patients (three bilateral) were the subject of this study. They were all affected during incubation in the first few weeks after birth. Age at operation was in the range 2–12 years (average 5.3). The main complaint was instability, stiffness during walking and the inability to sit comfortably, limb length discrepancy, and mild pain on walking. Preoperatively, the range of motion was limited to a certain degree in different directions in all cases. Plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), or multi-slice CT with reconstruction 3D views were of benefit in analyzing the problem preoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for selected cases after 2 years to test for the viability of the femoral head. Surgical technique  A modified approach was used to adequately expose the iliac bone, the hip, and the upper third of the femur. Meticulous dissection to preserve the amalgamated capsule and a well-planned capsulotomy for later adequate capsulorrhaphy is essential. Debridement to clear the acetabulum from intra-articular fibrosis is attempted prior to acetabular reconstruction (Salter, Dega, or triple pelvic osteotomy). Head and neck reconstruction (osteochondroplasty) is performed according to the nominated topography of the deformed head (beard, collared, staghorn, etc.). A carefully planned reshaping in a manner not disturbing the superior weight bearing articulating surface with the acetabulum will allow easy containment in the reconstructed acetabulum. Associated subluxation or dislocation will dictate adequate shorting with femoral cuts inclined in a manner bringing the impinging overgrown greater trochanter down, achieving a near to normal neck shaft angle. Results  According to the criteria proposed by Hunka et al. (Clin Orthop Relat Res 171:30–36, 1982), a satisfactory result is considered when a stable pain-free hip is achieved with flexion arc >70° and flexion contracture <20°. This was true in 13 hips. It appears that better results are achieved in younger children with minimal intra-articular adhesions limiting hip movements, and with less destruction of the articular cartilage. A final improvement in the range of movement should not be expected before 6–12 months. Intensive physiotherapy to improve postoperative stiffness is required. Conclusion  The proposed reconstruction procedure for reshaping the deformed femoral head (osteochondroplasty) is a salvage attempt that achieved a more or less mobile painless stable hip joint besides restoring the normal anatomical relationship, should total hip replacement (THR) be needed in the future.     

Fate of bone grafting for acetabular defects in total hip replacement

Background:

The use of allografts and autografts in the management of acetabular defects have been reported with varying results. Trabecular metal is an expensive option in the management of these defects. This study aims to assess the fate and efficacy of bone grafting for acetabular bone defects in total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 hips in 28 patients with acetabular deficiencies were treated with bone grafting and total hip replacement (THR). Seventeen hips had American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) type 2 (Paprosky type 2c) deficiency and 13 had AAOS type 3 (Paprosky type 3a) defects of the acetabulum. Allografts were used in 15 patients and autografts were used in the remaining 13. Cemented total hip arthroplasty was done in 18 hips and uncemented THR in 12. Seven patients underwent the procedure for, acetabular erosion and symptoms following hemiarthroplasty (4 out of 7), or, acetabular revision for failure (3 out of 7) following total hip arthroplasty. Acetabular deficiencies in other patients were due to posttraumatic causes, advanced primary hip arthritis and second stage treatment of postinfective arthritis. A mesh was used in 6 hips and screws were used in 13 hips for graft fixation.

Results:

Patients were followed up clinicoradiologically for a period of 10 months to 4 years (mean 23.4 months). One patient required staged revision due to infection. Two patients had early asymptomatic cup migration. One patient had graft lysis and change in cup inclination with persistent pain. He was not keen on further intervention at last followup. Other patients were pain free at the time of followup with radiographs showing maintenance of graft and implant position.

Conclusion:

Bone grafting is a suitable option in the management of acetabular defects in total hip arthroplasty, especially in resource challenged countries.