显微支撑喉镜低温等离子射频消融治疗早期声门型喉癌临床观察

目的 探讨显微支撑喉镜低温等离子消融治疗早期声门型喉癌的价值及临床效果.方法 2013年6月至2019年6月,共收治早期声门型喉癌78例,根据国际抗癌联盟喉癌TNM分期标准,其中T1s13例,T1a37例,T1b 28例;均采用显微支撑喉镜低温等离子射频消融治疗,完全切除肿瘤.术后定期随访,复查喉镜,观察患者喉内创面愈合进度和肿瘤复发情况,评定临床效果.结果 78例均能一次切除肿瘤,声门区结构和喉功能保全良好.术中无大出血,术后无呼吸困难、吞咽困难等并发症发生.术后随访5个月~6年,肿瘤复发4例,其余74例无复发,呼吸、吞咽均正常,发声功能良好.结论 显微支撑喉镜下低温等离子消融治疗早期声门型喉癌,能完整切除肿瘤,保留喉的正常结构和生理功能,手术安全可靠,复发率低,临床效果良好.     

全喉切除气管粘膜瓣一期发音重建术

目的 探讨中、晚期喉癌患者喉全切后发音重建的方法。方法 对28例中、晚期喉癌患者行喉全切除并采用气管粘膜瓣一期气管食管造瘘发音重建。结果 本组病例中,一例出现轻度误咽,另一例出现严重误咽而影响发音,一例因造瘘口狭窄,另一例因气管粘膜瓣过厚而不能发音。术后发音成功率达25/28(89.29％)。结论 本术式适合于中、晚期喉癌全喉切除后的发音重建。手术操作简便,并发症少、术后发音成功率高,宜于基层医院开展。     

手术治疗高位骶骨肿瘤

目的探讨不同重建技术治疗高位骶骨肿瘤的临床疗效。方法对38例骶骨肿瘤患者采用骶骨肿瘤切除+骨水泥填充+改良Gaveston内固定技术重建。记录术中出血量,休克死亡、骶神经损伤、切口愈合情况及肿瘤术后1年复发等并发症情况。结果手术时间430~720 min,术中出血量平均(2 400±1 656)ml,手术过程中无休克死亡。38例均获随访,时间6~33个月。患者腰骶部疼痛及神经功能有不同程度改善。7例术后出现排尿困难,6个月后恢复;6例术后切口感染延迟愈合;4例术后出现脑脊液漏。2例脊索瘤患者于术后6个月复发,1例转移癌患者3个月复发;1例尤因肉瘤患者13个月复发。2例转移癌患者分别于术后14和20个月因全身衰竭死亡。结论高位骶骨肿瘤切除+骨水泥填充+改良Gaveston内固定技术重建虽然手术时间延长,出血量增加,但腰椎骨盆稳定性重建有利于骨盆和脊柱的稳定性以及神经功能的恢复,术后可早期活动,近期疗效均较满意。     

预防性横行气管切开在重症气管狭窄切除重建术中的应用

目的：探讨预防性横行气管切开对气管狭窄切除重建术后呼吸道管理及减小吻合口张力的价值。方法22例气管狭窄患者均施行气管病变段切除并对端吻合重建手术,根据是否手术同期接受横行切口气管切开,分为气管切开组10例和非气管切开组12例。分析比较两组患者临床资料。结果气管切开组患者术前CPIS评分（临床肺部感染评分）、声嘶、意识障碍比率均明显高于非气管切开组（P＜0．05）,全组患者无死亡,两组手术时间、手术出血量、术后呼吸机使用时间、ICU监护时间、抗生素使用时间以及术后ARDS、吻合口瘘等并发症发生率均无明显差异。术后随访22例,随访时间3～32个月,均日常活动正常,无呼吸困难症状,三维CT重建检查无气管狭窄。结论气管切除重建术后行预防性横行气管切开,简化了术后的气道管理,保证了气道的通畅与清洁,同时亦起到减小吻合口张力作用,有效地减少术后并发症,对于气管狭窄重症患者,推荐预防性气管切开。     

口腔咽喉肿瘤患者经口入路机器人手术的围术期护理

目的 总结口腔咽喉肿瘤患者经口入路机器人手术的围术期护理经验.方法 对35例口腔咽喉肿瘤患者行经口入路机器人手术,术前加强多学科联合查体评估、术前准备及心理护理,术后加强体位护理、气道护理、吞咽功能评估及康复训练、咽痛护理、伤口护理、饮食护理.结果 患者平均手术时间2.4h;术中平均出血量50.0 mL.术后1例出现伤口出血导致误吸,立即行气管切开;4例术前行预防性气管切开,其余均未行气管切开.34例术后鼻饲管留置时间为2～14 d,平均8.2 d;1例因伤口出血术后30 d拔除鼻饲管.患者术后恢复经口进食时间1～30 d,平均8.4d.住院时间8～34 d,平均18.7 d.术后随访4～24个月,1例全喉术后需要语言功能重建外,其余均发音正常;无一例转移和复发.结论 对口腔咽喉肿瘤患者行经口入路机器人手术微创、精准,创伤小、恢复快.加强围术期气道护理、伤口护理、口腔护理、吞咽评估及疼痛管理等,可保障手术效果,促进患者康复.     

改良双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术

目的 探讨一种既能完整切除乳房巨大肿瘤,又能保持乳房功能和良好外形的手术方法 .方法 在传统双环法基础上,根据乳房肿瘤的大小及乳头下垂的程度,设计不同形状的外环及乳房外侧S形切口线,削除两环之间皮肤的表皮,沿乳房外侧S形切口线切开皮肤、皮下组织,直达瘤体包膜,沿包膜表面完整剥离肿瘤,可见遗留一个巨大的乳房皮下腔隙,充分利用去表皮的真皮脂肪瓣或真皮脂肪乳腺瓣填充肿瘤切除后的腔隙,重建乳房形态.结果 5例乳房巨大肿瘤,术后均维持了较好的形态和功能,无1例发生乳头乳晕感觉障碍和坏死,切口愈合良好.最长随诊2年,未见瘤体复发.结论 改良的双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术,手术设计灵活,方法 简单,术后乳房外形良好,瘢痕轻,患者满意率高.     

改良双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术

目的 探讨一种既能完整切除乳房巨大肿瘤,又能保持乳房功能和良好外形的手术方法 .方法 在传统双环法基础上,根据乳房肿瘤的大小及乳头下垂的程度,设计不同形状的外环及乳房外侧S形切口线,削除两环之间皮肤的表皮,沿乳房外侧S形切口线切开皮肤、皮下组织,直达瘤体包膜,沿包膜表面完整剥离肿瘤,可见遗留一个巨大的乳房皮下腔隙,充分利用去表皮的真皮脂肪瓣或真皮脂肪乳腺瓣填充肿瘤切除后的腔隙,重建乳房形态.结果 5例乳房巨大肿瘤,术后均维持了较好的形态和功能,无1例发生乳头乳晕感觉障碍和坏死,切口愈合良好.最长随诊2年,未见瘤体复发.结论 改良的双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术,手术设计灵活,方法 简单,术后乳房外形良好,瘢痕轻,患者满意率高.     

改良双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术

目的 探讨一种既能完整切除乳房巨大肿瘤,又能保持乳房功能和良好外形的手术方法 .方法 在传统双环法基础上,根据乳房肿瘤的大小及乳头下垂的程度,设计不同形状的外环及乳房外侧S形切口线,削除两环之间皮肤的表皮,沿乳房外侧S形切口线切开皮肤、皮下组织,直达瘤体包膜,沿包膜表面完整剥离肿瘤,可见遗留一个巨大的乳房皮下腔隙,充分利用去表皮的真皮脂肪瓣或真皮脂肪乳腺瓣填充肿瘤切除后的腔隙,重建乳房形态.结果 5例乳房巨大肿瘤,术后均维持了较好的形态和功能,无1例发生乳头乳晕感觉障碍和坏死,切口愈合良好.最长随诊2年,未见瘤体复发.结论 改良的双环法行乳房巨大肿瘤切除成形术,手术设计灵活,方法 简单,术后乳房外形良好,瘢痕轻,患者满意率高.     

骶骨肿瘤切除与骶骨重建方式探讨

目的 探讨骶骨肿瘤切除和骶骨重建方式. 方法 对13例原发性骶骨肿瘤患者行肿瘤切除及骶骨重建,骶骨部分切除12例,全骶骨切除1例.全骶骨切除术后给予腰椎与髂骨中华长城内固定器加腓骨植骨术重建后骨盆环,并给予相应的放疗与化疗. 结果 术后近期疗效均较满意,患者腰骶部疼痛及神经功能有不同程度改善.本组13例中,1例术后出现排尿困难,1例术后出现脑脊液瘘,1例术后切口感染延期愈合,术后随访6个月～10年,有5例肿瘤复发或转移死亡. 结论 肿瘤的切除方式和骶骨重建及术后综合治疗对预后具有重要的影响,而减少术中出血、保留马尾神经功能以及重建高位骶骨肿瘤术后骨盆负重功能则是提高疗效的关键.     

低位骶骨肿瘤的外科治疗

目的分析探讨低位骶骨肿瘤En-bloc切除的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我科2007年1月至2015年12月低位骶骨肿瘤19例,男8例,女11例;年龄19~65岁,平均48.5岁。肿瘤部位S3~46例,S4~56例,S5以远7例。全部采用后路En-bloc切除。结果随访6~108个月,平均70个月。切口感染2例,经清创VSD治疗后愈合。切口延迟愈合3例,经换药后愈合。双侧S3神经根切除患者大小便功能障碍,保留一侧S3神经根患者大小便功能缓慢恢复,其余均正常。3例患者复发,均再次切除,其中1例复发2次。结论低位骶骨肿瘤后路En-bloc切除是有效、安全的治疗方法。     

Squamous cell carcinoma lower lip - an experience with Karapandzic technique

Carcinoma of the lip is a common cancer of head and neck area. It occurs frequently on the lower lip of middle-aged and elderly males who have a history of chronic sun exposure. Surgical excision and radiotherapy are regarded as equally effective treatment options, but preferred method is surgical excision. Karapandzic technique provides myoneurovascular pedicled advancement flap for reconstruction of the defect after surgical excision. It is a simple and safe technique, functionally and esthetically, sacrifices little tissue, heals rapidly and is effective for repair of defects covering 1/3 to 4/5 of the lower lip. We report a 62 years male who presented with a large, fungating, pus-discharging and tender mass of lower lip. Biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor was excised and defect was reconstructed using Karapandzic technique. Patient remained asymptomatic during follow-up visits.     

Surgical Management of Melanoma-In-Situ Using a Staged Marginal and Central Excision Technique

Melanoma-in-situ (MIS) represents 45% of all melanomas. The margins of MIS are often poorly defined with extensive subclinical disease. Standard fusiform excision with 5-mm margins results in positive margins in up to a third of cases. To decrease the incidence of involved margins, we use a staged excision approach for MIS. First, patients undergo excision under local anesthesia of a 2- to 3-mm “contoured” rim of tissue optimally 5 mm beyond the visible extent of the lesion. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded en face sections from this excision are then evaluated, if necessary with the aid of immunohistochemical stains. Any positive margins are further excised. When all margins are negative, the central area is then excised and reconstructed. A total of 61 patients with MIS or lentigo maligna melanoma underwent staged contoured excisions from 2004 to 2007 at Moffitt Cancer Center. We analyzed data only from patients with MIS of the head and neck. Patients with known invasive melanoma or non–head and neck primary disease were excluded. Demographics, tumor characteristics, margin status, number of stages, and type of reconstruction and recurrences were evaluated. Forty-nine patients with MIS of the head and neck, 28 (57%) male and 21 (43%) female, 42 to 88-years-old (median 72; mean 70), underwent staged contoured margin excision before definitive central tumor excision and reconstruction. The final surgical defect size ranged from 2 to 130 cm² (median 16 cm²). Twelve patients (24%) required reexcision of at least one margin; the median number of reexcisions was 1 (range 1–2). There seemed to be a positive association between lesion size and margin status (as well as number of excisions needed to clear the margin). Unsuspected invasive melanoma was found in the central specimen in six patients (12%). Even small tumors could have unsuspected invasive melanoma: invasive cancer was seen in 4 (21%) of 19 tumors ≤2 cm in greatest dimension and 2 (7%) of 30 > 2 cm, respectively. Surgical defects were reconstructed with flaps in 18 (37%), full-thickness grafts in 20 (41%), and split-thickness grafts in 10 patients (20%). Median time from first margin excision to completion/final reconstruction was 7 days (range 7–63 days). No local recurrences have been reported at a median follow-up of 14 months (range 1–36 months). This technique allows for careful margin analysis and subsequent central tumor excision with simultaneous reconstruction. This approach minimizes the need for a second major operation, which would have been necessary in 24% of our patients if treated by a one-stage excisional approach. It is noteworthy that 12% of MIS patients had invasive melanoma in the final excision specimen. This reinforces the importance of adequate full-thickness biopsies of suspicious pigmented lesions before any type of surgical management. With short follow-up, local control has been achieved by this technique in 100% of cases.     

牙齿重度磨耗伴牙列缺损咬合重建固定义齿修复的临床观察

目的：观察临床重度磨耗伴牙列缺损咬合重建应用固定义齿修复的临床效果。方法：选取2009～2011年在我院收治的牙齿重度磨耗伴牙列缺损患者31例,根据患者口腔健康环境,在适宜的时间先后对其进行咬合重建与固定修复。修复6个月、1年、2年,对患者进行随访观察患者口颌生理功能,义齿固位、稳定情况,面容、牙齿、牙龈美观情况。结果：经过咬合重建以及固定义齿修复后,患者义齿的固位良好,咀嚼、发音功能,牙齿、面容美观显著改善,牙周及咀嚼肌群疲劳均有明显好转。结论：通过对患者进行咬合重建以及固定义齿修复治疗后,对改善患者的咀嚼、发音功能、颜面美观以及口颌系统其他功能均有良好疗效,值得进行医疗推广。     

扩张后的皮瓣修复体表良性肿瘤切除后创面

面积较大的体表良性肿瘤切除后,其创面多需要移植组织修复。从1987年开始,应用皮肤软组织扩张术在拟切除的较大面积体表良性肿瘤的周围正常皮肤区预扩张,采用扩张所得的皮瓣修复良性肿瘤切除后的创面,共23例,收到良好的效果。详细讨论了治疗过程中的有关问题。     

无转移肢体软组织肉瘤非计划性手术后再次手术的临床相关因素研究

背景:软组织肉瘤是一组包含50余种亚型的恶性肿瘤,手术彻底切除肿瘤是治疗无转移肢体软组织肉瘤的主要手段。如果初次进行了非计划性手术,后期治疗更加困难。目的:评价无转移肢体软组织肉瘤患者接受非计划性手术后再次手术时需要进行软组织修复重建的比例以及患者的预后情况。方法:回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年4月手术治疗的28例无转移肢体软组织肉瘤患者的资料,其中11例接受非计划性手术后再次手术,17例行计划性手术组。记录两组的软组织修复重建率、局部复发率、远处转移率及无瘤生存率等指标。观察终点为术后肿瘤复发、转移或非肿瘤引起的死亡。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术治疗。非计划性手术后再次手术组软组织重建率为27.3%,高于计划性手术组的11.8%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访时间1~36个月,平均(16.3±9.3)个月。随访期间再次手术组肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率和无瘤生存率分别为18.2%、9.1%、72.7%,计划性手术组上述指标分别为5.9%、11.8%、82.3%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果表明手术方式为患者无瘤生存的独立风险因子(P<0.05)。结论:无转移的肢体软组织肉瘤接受非计划性手术后再次手术,短期内患者的预后不会受到初次手术的影响,但再次手术时需要进行软组织修复重建的可能性会增大。     

Laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction by Grillo's technic for postintubation stenosis]

BACKGROUND: Tracheal resection and reconstruction is the standard treatment for postintubation stenosis. However, when the stenosis extends proximally to the subglottic larynx surgical treatment is particularly difficult. Specific surgical techniques have to be used in order to preserve the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results obtained at our Department with laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction with the Grillo technique for postintubation stenosis. METHODS: From January 1984 to December 1997, 83 patients with tracheal and laryngotracheal lesions underwent surgical treatment. Eighteen patients had postintubation stenosis of the upper trachea and subglottic larynx and underwent single-stage laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction. Mean stenosis length was 3.5 cm (range 3-5 cm). Twelve patients underwent anterolateral laryngotracheal reconstruction, and 6 patients had a circumferential laryngotracheal reconstruction. A Montgomery suprahyoid laryngeal release was required in 4 cases. RESULTS: There was no surgical mortality. Surgical results were excellent or good in 17 cases and satisfactory in one case. No recurrence of stenosis has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: Cricoid cartilage involvement in postintubation stenosis should not be considered a contraindication to surgical treatment. However, laryngotracheal resection and reconstruction is technically difficult and should be performed only in selected cases.     

Total pharyngeal reconstruction using a pectoralis major myocutaneous tunnel

Total pharyngeal reconstruction was performed using a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. In this technique, the posterior wall of the neopharynx consists only of the prevertebral tissue, while the flap forms the anterior and lateral walls. The posterior wall heals by reepithelialization of the prevertebral fascia. Clinical experience with seven patients has shown that this technique provides a wide conduit and is not prone to develop stenosis.     

Giant cell tumor of the capitate. A case report.

Giant cell tumors in the small bones of the hand are unusual, particularly in the carpus. A 28-year-old woman developed a giant cell tumor in the capitate. After biopsy, she was treated with complete excision of the capitate with no reconstruction. Five years later she had excellent hand function and no tumor recurrence. A careful roentgenographic and pathologic examination will distinguish between aneurysmal bone cysts and giant cell reparative granulomas. Complete excision of the involved bone is recommended.     

Sentinel lymphadenectomy on a rare eyelid malignant blue nevus case

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy on a rare malignant blue nevus of the eyelid are reported. The treatment was wide excision and reconstruction. A 72-year-old male was referred with a progressively growing right lower eyelid mass on a blue flat lesion. Incisional biopsy confirmed malignancy. After wide tumor excision the resulting defect was reconstructed with Mustardé's cheek flap and a chondromucosal graft. A submandibular lymph node was found with intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy technique. Histopathologic examination revealed a malignant blue nevus with sentinel lymph node involvement. Additional surgery or chemotherapy was not possible because of the patient's unfavorable general health. He was followed for 1 year without local or distant metastasis. Sentinel lymphadenectomy should be in the armamentarium of surgeons. This method provides important information about regional lymph node status and staging of patients as in malignant melanoma.     

Video imaging to assess neuromuscular blockade at the larynx

We describe video imaging as a technique for assessing neuromuscular blockade at the larynx. We sought to determine the stability and reproducibility of this technique and to compare the effect of succinylcholine at the adductor pollicis and the larynx. Ten patients were studied. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was stimulated superficially and movements of the vocal cords were recorded on videotape by using a fiberoptic bronchoscope passed via a laryngeal mask airway. Neuromuscular function was recorded at the adductor pollicis by using a mechanomyograph. Twenty images of the vocal cords were examined repeatedly by one investigator and by ten independent observers. The mean difference between the two sets of observations was 0.86 degrees with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.997. For 3 min before the administration of relaxant the coefficient of variation in the cord movement during supramaximal stimulation ranged from 1%-4% (median 2.7%). After the administration of succinylcholine 1 mg. kg(-1) the times to loss of T1 at the larynx and hand were 63 +/- 15 s and 63 +/- 12 s respectively. Times to 25% recovery were 215 +/- 36 s at the larynx and 436 +/- 74 s at the hand and times to 75% recovery were 285 +/- 55 s and 525 +/- 85 s respectively. These results indicate that video imaging may be a useful research technique for estimating neuromuscular blockade at the larynx and that the time to onset of succinylcholine at the larynx is similar to that at the hand, whereas the duration of blockade is significantly shorter at the larynx. Implications: Assessment of neuromuscular blockade at the larynx is possible by using a video imaging technique. By using this technique, the time to onset of neuromuscular blockade at the larynx is similar to that at the hand after the administration of succinylcholine; this finding is different from previously published data obtained by using a cuff pressure measurement technique.