Vitamin c and aloe vera supplementation protects from chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat

The effects of vitamin C and aloe vera gel extract supplementation on induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats (120–150 g) by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was investigated. The severity of the carcinogenesis process was determined by measuring γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) histochemically in situ and in plasma and liver fractions. In addition, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and liver microsomal uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) activity were also determined. Administration of DEN/AAF caused an increase in the surface area and number of enzyme-positive foci (both GGT and GSTP) compared with control. Supplementation of vitamin C or aloe vera gel extract to the cancer-induced rats suppressed this increase significantly (P < 0.05; P < 0.001). Increases in liver UDPGT, GGT, and GSTP activities were also observed with cancer induction that were again suppressed with either vitamin C or aloe vera gel supplementation. Plasma GGT in the DEN/AAF rats were determined monthly for the duration of the experiment and found to be reduced as early as 1 mo with aloe vera gel supplementation and 2 mo with vitamin C supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin C and aloe vera gel extract supplementation were found to be able to reduce the severity of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.     

芦荟、西洋参和番泻叶联合作用对小鼠润肠通便的功能研究

目的 探究不同配伍剂量的库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉、番泻叶提取物与西洋参提取物联合使用对小鼠润肠通便的作用及机制。方法 雄性昆明种小鼠120只,按人体推荐量的10倍/20倍设置剂量组,随机分为空白组、模型组、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟20倍（267 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）。给药14 d,洛哌丁胺混悬液灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,观察黑便情况、小肠墨汁推进率、GDNF、iNOS mRNA表达和蛋白表达。结果 与模型组相比,各剂量组墨汁推进率均明显增高（F = 6.628;P＜0.01）,各剂量组排便实验结果阳性。与模型组相比,芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组和芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF mRNA表达增高（F = 28.377,P＜0.05）,iNOS mRNA表达降低（F = 9.153;P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,空白组、芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组、芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF蛋白相对含量比升高（F = 4.760;P＜0.05）;芦荟10倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶10倍组iNOS蛋白相对含量比下降（F = 9.585;P＜0.05）。 结论 三种药物联合使用通便效果好,提示库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉联合西洋参提取物和番泻叶提取物可通过增加GDNF表达、抑制NO产生,促进肠道蠕动。     

不同产地芦荟中锗的光谱分析

目的　对不同产地库拉索芦荟中有机锗含量进行分析。方法　以CTMAB为增溶剂 ,在酸性条件下使锗—苯芴酮络合物稳定地保持在水相中 ,用光谱分析法测定芦荟中有机锗含量。结果　线性范围为 0～ 0 7μg ml;方法回收率为 98 1%～ 99 0 % ,变异系数小于 1 8%。     

芦荟汁对小鼠腹部伤口愈合情况影响的研究

目的：本课题主要研究芦荟汁对小鼠腹部伤口愈合情况影响。方法选择40只成年小鼠为研究对象并随机分为2组。分别采用0.9%生理盐水和芦荟鲜汁对两组进行涂擦小鼠伤口,观察小鼠在给药后一周伤口愈合情况。结果与对照组比较,实验组小鼠的伤口愈合情况明显好转：有效率比较（P〈0.05）。结论芦荟汁对小鼠腹部伤口愈合具有促进作用。     

云南元江芦荟花营养成分分析及评价

目的：为了解芦荟花的营养成分及价值，对云南元江芦荟花和库拉索芦荟花进行营养成分分析及营养评价。方法：采用公认的国家标准分析方法测定两种芦荟花中营养成分。结果：元江芦荟花和库拉索芦荟花富含维生素C，分别高达105、82mg/100g。结论：芦荟花具有较大的开发利用价值，测定结果为云南野生食物资源的开发及推广运用提供科学参考依据。     

Efficacy of dietary aloe vera supplementation on hepatic cholesterol and oxidative status in aged rats

In the current study, we show the anti-oxidative and hypocholesterol effects of aloe vera in the liver. Male specific pathogen-free (SPF) Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group A (control) was fed test chow without aloe supplementation; Group B was fed a diet containing a 1% (per weight basis) freeze-dried aloe filet; Group C was fed a diet containing a 1% (per weight basis) charcoal-processed, freeze-dried aloe filet; and Group D was fed a diet containing a charcoal-processed freeze-dried, whole leaf aloe (0.02% per weight basis) in the drinking water. Our results show that a life-long intake of aloe had superior anti-oxidative action against lipid peroxidation in vivo, as indicated by reduced levels of hepatic phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. Additional anti-oxidative action was evidenced by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in groups B and C. Furthermore, our study revealed that hepatic cholesterol significantly increased in the control group during aging in contrast to the aloe-supplemented groups, which showed approximately 30% lower cholesterol levels, thereby an effective hypocholesteremic efficacy. In this report, we suggest that life-long dietary aloe supplementation suppresses free radical-induced oxidative damage and age-related increases in hepatic cholesterol.     

Hand-foot syndrome induced by chemotherapy: a case study

The study was aimed at reporting a case of a patient who developed Hand-Foot Syndrome (HFS) grade 3 due the use of capecitabine and for which massage was used with aqueous-based moisturizer, aloe vera. The patient's functional capacity was assessed using the ECOG Performance Scale and the lesions were photographed during nursing appointment that occurred at intervals of ten days, totaling forty days of monitoring. There was significant improvement in tissue integrity, with total regression of symptoms, an important gain in quality of life, and immediate return to chemotherapy. It is believed that aloe vera can be an important component in nursing care in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.     

应用皮肤镜评价芦荟珍珠胶囊治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效

目的：观察芦荟珍珠胶囊外用治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效及安全性。方法：治疗组采用芦荟珍珠胶囊,外用,6粒/次,1次/3 d,15~20 min/次;其中油性皮肤及中性皮肤：芦荟珍珠胶囊6粒,蛋清1个,黄瓜去皮取汁3汤匙,调成膏状涂于面部;干性皮肤：芦荟珍珠胶囊6粒,蛋黄1个,黄瓜去皮取汁3汤匙,调成膏状涂于面部。4周为一疗程,使用2个疗程。对照组外用3%氢醌霜涂于患处。利用皮肤镜对治疗前、后黄褐斑皮损进行客观测量及评价。结果：治疗组总有效率为71.05%,对照组为74.07%,两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后两组L＊、ITA°较治疗前均显著升高（P〈0.05）,而a＊、b＊值显著降低（P〈0.05）;治疗后两组间L＊、a＊、b＊值及ITA0值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在临床治疗观察过程中未见明显不良反应发生。结论：局部外用芦荟珍珠胶囊可显著性改善黄褐斑患者黑色素沉积,可实现治疗黄褐斑的目的。     

A review of technologies for rapid detection of bacteria in recreational waters

Monitoring of recreational beaches for fecal indicator bacteria is currently performed using culture-based technology that can require more than a day for laboratory analysis, during which time swimmers are at risk. Here we review new methods that have the potential to reduce the measurement period to less than an hour. These methods generally involve two steps. The first is target capture, in which the microbial group of interest (or some molecular/chemical/or biochemical signature of the group) is removed, tagged or amplified to differentiate it from the remaining material in the sample. We discuss three classes of capture methods: 1) Surface and whole-cell recognition methods, including immunoassay techniques and molecule-specific probes; 2) Nucleic acid methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and microarrays; and 3) Enzyme/substrate methods utilizing chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. The second step is detection, in which optical, electrochemical or piezoelectric technologies are used to quantify the captured, tagged or amplified material. The biggest technological hurdle for all of these methods is sensitivity, as EPA's recommended bathing water standard is less than one cell per ml and most detection technologies measure sample volumes less than 1 ml. This challenge is being overcome through addition of preconcentration or enrichment steps, which have the potential to boost sensitivity without the need to develop new detector technology. The second hurdle is demonstrating a relationship to health risk, since most new methods are based on measuring cell structure without assessing viability and may not relate to current water quality standards that were developed in epidemiology studies using culture-based methods. Enzyme/substrate methods may be the first rapid methods adopted because they are based on the same capture technology as currently-approved EPA methods and their relationship to health risk can be established by demonstrating equivalency to existing procedures. Demonstration of equivalency may also be possible for some surface and whole-cell recognition methods that capture bacteria in a potentially viable state. Nucleic acid technologies are the most versatile, but measure nonviable structure and will require inclusion in epidemiological studies to link their measurement with health risk.     

大黄饮片炮制前后物质基础变化规律探讨

目的 探讨大黄饮片炮制前后物质变化的规律.方法 使用高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography /HPLC)指纹图谱法,用甲醇-1.0%冰醋酸为流动相梯度洗脱,30℃的柱温,1.0mL/min的流速,检测到波长为280nm.对大黄5种饮片(10批次)样品进行对比分析,比较不同的物质成分在不同的大黄饮片中的峰面积变化状况.结果 熟大黄中含量最高的为已归属的24个色谱峰中的没食子酸,且5种游离蒽醌(大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚)在熟大黄中的成分最高;在生片中以4'-经基苯基-2-丁酮-4'-O-p-D-(6〞一没食子酞基)一葡萄糖苷、大黄素8-0-葡萄糖苷和芦荟大黄素-3-CHZ-O-p-D-葡萄糖苷这几种物质成分含量最高;酒大黄在其余的化学成分中含量最高.结论 大黄饮品所炮制的温度和时间不同,所得出的大黄饮片炮制前后的化学成分也就不一样,这是其成分变化的最主要的因素.导致大黄蒽醌苷类化学成分的不同程度的降低,但是游离蒽醌含量却有不同程度的增高,都是因为高温或者是长时间的加热所导致.     

Effects of heating, storage, and ultraviolet exposure on antimicrobial activity of garlic juice

This study was designed to investigate the effect of heating, storage, and ultraviolet exposure on antimicrobial activity of garlic juice and its bacteriocidal activity against common human pathogens. Antimicrobial activity of fresh garlic juice was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus B, S. hemolyticus A, Klebsiella sp., Shigella dysenteriae, and Candida albicans using the disc method. The dilution method was performed by addition of garlic juice to broth media to obtain 1-100% concentrations as vol/vol or wt/vol. Garlic juice was used after 24 hours of storage at 4 degrees C, heating to 100 degrees C for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes, heating to 80 degrees C for 60 minutes, and 4 hours of exposure to ultraviolet light. Re-culture of specimens taken from garlic-induced negative media was performed in fresh broth free of garlic juice. Results showed that all the isolates were sensitive to fresh garlic juice; the most sensitive was C. albicans, and the least sensitive was S. hemolyticus A. Heating to 100 degrees C for 30 and 60 minutes completely abolished the antimicrobial activity, while heating for 5 and 10 minutes, storage for 24 hours, and 4 hours of ultraviolet exposure decreased it. Garlic juice was bactericidal at concentrations of 5% and more. Thus garlic juice has marked antimicrobial activity that makes it a potential agent to be tested in clinical trials. The antimicrobial activity was compromised by storage and heating; therefore it is advisable to use fresh garlic and avoid boiling it for more than 5 minutes during cooking.     

芦荟中多糖含量测定方法的探讨

目的 :　建立一种稳定、简便的芦荟多糖含量的测定方法。方法 :　采用精制芦荟多糖测得芦荟多糖对葡萄糖的换算因子后 ,样品经前处理除杂后 ,用苯酚 -硫酸法测定芦荟中多糖的含量。结果 :　用此方法测定多糖的标准曲线 ,其相关系数为 0 .9993 ,回收率为 95 .3 % ,重现性相对误差为 1 .2 3 %。结论 :　本方法为化学法 ,所需仪器简单、操作方便 ,适合于芦荟及其制品的常规检测。     

芦荟汁对烫伤大鼠皮肤的愈合及SOD、MDA及GSH-PX的影响

目的 观察芦荟汁对烫伤大鼠的皮肤愈合及体内氧自由基清除的影响.方法 将24只大鼠分为3组,即芦荟组、烧伤膏组,空白组;分别在大鼠背部造成直径为2.6 cm的深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,涂烧伤膏、芦荟汁,观察上皮出现时间及愈合时间,并检测愈合面的皮肤SOD、GSH-PX、MDA含量.结果 芦荟组上皮出现时间（4.6±0.56）d,愈合时间（16.2±2.6）,烧伤膏组上皮出现时间（5.4±0.6）d,愈合时间（18.1±3.4）d,空白组上皮出现时间（6.8±0.3）d,愈合时间（22.3±3.2）d.芦荟组、烧伤膏组上皮出现时间和愈合时间与空白组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,芦荟组与烧伤膏组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.芦荟组SOD（98.07±6.22）、GSH-PX（243.21±20.18）、MDA（4.89±2.12）,烧伤膏组SOD（83.97±6.34）、GSH-PX（208.25±24.52）、MDA（6.93±3.05）与空白组SOD（57.50±9.43）、GSH-PX（139.88±22.70）、MDA（8.98±2.14）比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,芦荟组与烧伤膏组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 芦荟汁具有促进大鼠创面愈合、清除体内自由基而保护细胞的作用.     

妊娠期合并尖锐湿疣200例治疗方法比较

目的观察不同方法治疗妊娠期合并尖锐湿疣(condyloma acuminatum,CA)的疗效。方法对2005年6月至2010年5月就诊于天津市中心妇产科医院的妊娠合并CA的200例患者相关资料进行回顾性比较研究,其中A组69例采用VWYⅢ型微波治疗仪治疗,B组67例采用CO2激光治疗,C组64例采用50%三氯醋酸上药治疗。结果治疗后随访3个月,A组治愈60例(86.96%),复发15例(21.74%);B组治愈61例(91.04%),复发16例(23.88%);C组治愈54例(84.38%),复发4例(6.25%)。3种方法治愈率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);复发率C组较A、B两组低(χ2=8.36,P<0.05)。结论微波、CO2激光和50%三氯醋酸局部药物治疗妊娠期CA均安全可靠,治愈率高,50%三氯醋酸复发率较低,优于另外两种方法。     

医院气动物流传输系统消毒方法的研究

目的：研究医院气动物流系统的消毒方法,预防由其引起的医院交叉感染。方法：按照《医疗机构消毒技术规范》的要求,提出新的消毒方法并对消毒前和消毒后气动物流系统管道、传输瓶、瓶内填充物及管道排出气体等采样做细菌培养,比较菌落数差异。结果：控制前未进行清洁消毒处理的传输瓶及瓶内填充物等均检出金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌,采用消毒措施后均未检出致病菌。结论：该消毒方法对医院气动物流系统的消毒效果良好,有利于减少医院感染发生。     

Phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen) varieties cultivated in China

Abstract

The phenolic compounds in different fruit parts including the flavedos, albedos, segment membranes, juice vesicles and seeds of nine grapefruit varieties cultivated in China were determined and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using three methods. Naringin and neohesperedin were the dominant flavonoids in all grapefruit tested. Fenghongtangmuxun and Jiwei flavedo had the highest contents of naringin (5666.82?μg/g DW) and neohesperedin (1022?μg/g DW), respectively. Gallic acid was the major phenolic acid in all grapefruit tested, and Jiwei juice vesicles had the highest content of gallic acid (343.7?μg/g DW). Fenghongtangmuxun juice vesicles were rich in chlorogenic acid (110.23?μg/g DW), caffeic acid (53.86?μg/g DW) and ferulic acid (23.12?μg/g DW). Overall, the flavedo was rich in flavonoid, while juice vesicle had high amounts of phenolic acid. The Jiwei, Fenghongtangmuxun, Maxu, Huoyan and Hongmaxu grapefruit cultivars contained more phenolics and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than Shatianyou and Liangpingyou pummelos, and were good sources of natural phytochemical antioxidants.     

Effect of kiwifruit juice on beef collagen

The objective of this study is to clarify the difference in susceptibility to protease digestion by kiwifruit juice between collagen domains under different conditions. In addition, the effect of pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice on collagen in meat during cooking processes was examined. Kiwifruit juice can degrade denatured collagen, but it can not cleave the triple helical domain of collagen. Thus, kiwifruit juice does not have collagenase activity. On the other hand, the cross-linked subunits of acid-soluble collagen were converted to monomeric subunits by kiwifruit juice treatment at acidic pH, suggesting that the globular domains, in which cross-links preferentially occur, can be degraded by kiwifruit juice. The pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice significantly decreased the shear force of connective tissue in comparison with other pre-treatments without protease activity, but inversely increased the liberation of collagen-related peptides in the outer solution by heating processes at 50 and 70 degrees C or by a shorter heating time at 100 degrees C. This can be explained by the protease-mediated degradation of globular domains. However, this effect was not observed with a prolonged heating period at 100 degrees C, and the liberation of collagen-related peptides by pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice at 100 degrees C was less than that at 70 degrees C for all heating periods. Thus, it can be suggested that the pre-treatment with kiwifruit juice might be useful in meat softening under vacuum-cooking and grilling, but not under stewing.     

Effect of olive powder and high hydrostatic pressure on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores in a reference medium

The aim of this work was to study the effect of olive powder combined with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores, to use it as an additional control hurdle in beverages pasteurised by this technology. With this purpose, reference medium prepared at different concentrations of olive powder was inoculated with B. cereus spores and subjected to different pressure treatments. The outgrowth capacity of the treated spores was then determined at 20°C and 32°C. The addition of olive powder was found to slightly reduce the effectiveness of HHP, although in post-treatment storage there was an increased bacteriostatic effect in the samples with 2.5% of olive powder at both temperatures in the samples pressurised at 400 and 500?MPa, and only at 20°C in the samples pressurised at 200?MPa. The addition of olive powder therefore had an additive effect with storage temperature and HHP processing and could act as an additional control hurdle during the shelf-life of products pasteurised by HHP technologies or in the case of cold-chain breakage.     

Methylmercury extraction from artificial sediments by the gut juice of the sipunculan, Sipunculus nudus

Artificially prepared sediments were used to investigate their binding with methylmercury (MeHg). The bioavailability of sediment-bound MeHg then was quantified by measuring the extraction by gut juice of the sipunculan Sipunculus nudus, as well as by different free amino acids and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Methylmercury distribution in different molecular weight- size fractions of gut juice also was determined using an ultrafiltration methodology. Organic and clay content were the two most important sediment components in MeHg partitioning, but most of the sediment-bound MeHg was complexed by organic matter (fulvic acid > humic acid) in sediments. Treatment with humic or fulvic acid generally increased the amount of bioavailable MeHg. Cysteine was more important than other amino acids in MeHg extraction. Proteins (especially >100 kDa fraction) in gut juice rather than free amino acids were the main agents in gut juice that extracted MeHg from sediments. Most extracted MeHg from artificial sediments was associated with the >100 kDa fraction (probably proteins) of gut juice but not with organic matter from sediments (humic acid and fulvic acid). Our results suggested that competition among different agents in gut juice (especially the large molecular-weight proteins) and the organic content of the sediments controlled the bioavailability of sediment-bound MeHg.     

Effect of various domestic processing and cooking methods on phytic acid and HCl-extractability of calcium, phosphorus and iron of pigeon pea

Manak, the high yielding cultivator of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) released by (International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics) ICRISAT, India was subjected to various domestic processing and cooking methods viz., soaking (6, 12 and 18 h, 30 degrees C), soaking and dehulling, ordinary cooking, pressure cooking and germination (24, 36 and 48 h, 30 degrees C). The unprocessed seeds of this variety contained considerable amounts of phytic acid i.e. 917 mg per 100 g. This antinutrient was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to varying extents (4-37%) in the processed samples. Except soaking and dehulling, the remaining processing and cooking methods did not lower the contents of total calcium, phosphorus and iron. That HCl-extractability of these dietary essential minerals, an index of their bioavailability, enhanced significantly when the pigeon pea seeds were processed and cooked, may be due to reduction in phytate content, which is known to chelate the minerals. A significant and negative correlation between the phytic acid and HCl-extractability of minerals further strengthens our findings.