酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清单纯疱疹病毒抗体的研究

本文对ELISA间接法检测HSV抗体作了下列研究:以两种较简易的方法,即病毒感染细胞连同维持培养基一起(方法一)或经洗涤后在PBS中(方法二)反复冻融,分别从原代兔肾、原代鸡胚、传代Vero和FL细胞制备HSV抗原,结果以方法二制取的Vero细胞病毒抗原滴度最高;原代兔肾者次之。选取16份ELISA呈不同滴度的血清作中和试验,两法结果呈正相关关系(r=0.79,P<0.005)。初步得出△A492≥0.2可作为血清抗体阳性。以ELISA检测3组年龄人群血清抗体,婴儿组抗体阳性率6.6％,儿童组80％,成人组100％。最后,比较了酶联抗人IgG及酶联SPA ELISA检测的29份血清抗体含量,两种结合物测得的结果呈正相关关系(r=0.986,P<0.0005),并提出酶联SPA在鉴别两型HSV血清中具有重要意义。     

2001年灵州集团公司人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

开展人群免疫水平监测是麻诊监测工作的重要内容，对制定麻疹控制策略有重要意义。选择本公司人口为监测对象，分10个年龄组，男女例为1：1，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），检测麻疹IgG抗体，共监测398人，抗体阳性率为86．5％，几何平均滴度（GMT）为1：671．6。＜1岁婴儿麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT平均最低。不同年龄组抗体阳性率和GMT水平有显著性差异。麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT水平有相同变化趋势，麻疹低发病水平使人群接触麻疹病毒的机会减少，引起麻疹抗体反射性增高的可能随之降低，婴儿获得的母体抗体水平也随之下降。     

惠州市麻疹患者血清流行病学调查

目的 了解惠州市麻疹病例血清流行病学特征，探讨麻疹发病原因。方法 对2003～2005年收集的390例麻疹疑似病例血清标本，采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测麻疹IgM抗体，麻疹IgM抗体阳性病例再用ELISA法检测麻疹IgG抗体。结果麻疹IgM抗体阳性率为76．6％，合格标本采集率34．1％。麻疹IgM抗体阳性病例麻疹IgG抗体阳性率64．9％；出疹与采血间隔天数长，IgG抗体阳性率和GMT高，≤1岁组病例IgG抗体阳性率和GMT水平最低。结论 麻疹发病主要原因是未接种麻疹疫苗（MY）和接种后原发性免疫失败，提高血清样本采集率和开展风疹血清学鉴别诊断是惠州市加强麻疹实验室监测亟待解决的问题。     

生殖器疱疹患者血清IgM抗体和皮损抗原检测的意义

目的 :评价生殖器疱疹 (GH)患者血清单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV)IgM抗体和皮损HSV抗原检测的临床意义。方法 :用酶联免疫吸附实验 (ELISA)方法对 5 2例GH患者在皮损发作期同时检测血清IgM抗体和局部皮损中HSV抗原。结果 :5 2例患者血清HSVIgM抗体阳性 7例 ,阳性率为 13.4 6 % (7/ 5 2 ) ,IgM阳性组疱疹复发平均间隔时间与IgM阴性组比较 ,无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。皮损HSV抗原阳性 31例 ,阳性率 5 9.6 2 % (31/ 5 2 ) ,其中丘疹、丘疱疹、水疱性损害阳性率 10 0 % (13/ 13) ,糜烂或浅表溃疡性损害阳性率 6 3.6 4 % (14 / 2 2 ) ,结痂性损害阳性率 2 3.5 3% (4 / 17)。皮损HSV抗原检测阳性率显著高于血清HSVIgM抗体阳性率 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :血清HSVIgM抗体检测对GH诊断和判断复发价值不大 ,皮损HSV抗原检测对诊断GH活动性感染具有更重要的临床意义。     

复发性阿弗他溃疡与病毒感染的相关性研究

目的 探讨复发性阿弗他溃疡（RAW）与人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）和单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）感染的相关性。方法 采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）和聚合酶链反应技术（PCK）联合检测176例RAU患者和120例健康对照者HCMV和HSV血清IgM抗体及溃疡组织或脱落上皮细胞中的病毒DNA，并进行综合分析。结果 RAU患者组病毒阳性率（71．02％），明显高于健康对照组（7．50％,P〈0．05）。其中单项HCMV的阳性率为47．16％，HSV的阳性率为52.27％，二者复合感染的阳性率为28．41％，三者与对照组相比，均具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。但HCMV与HSV二者之间的阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 HCMV和HSV感染与RAU的发病密切相关，是其病因中的重要致病因素。RAU患者不只是一种病毒感染，而且存在着不同病毒感染状态，病毒的复合感染也占有一定比例；联合检测HCMV和HSV的IgM抗体与病毒DNA。可显著提高病毒感染的阳性检出率，有利于RAU的病因诊断和治疗。     

潍坊市区人群麻疹抗体水平及麻疹疫苗强化免疫血清学效果监测

为了解潍坊市麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫的效果和人群麻疹抗体水平,在2个区随机抽取767名0-39岁健康人,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹IgG抗体。结果:767人中抗体阳性595人,阳性率77.57%,几何平均滴度(GMT)1:783。以1-12岁儿童抗体阳性率高(85.71%-98.44%),GMT则从6岁开始下降至中低等水平,抗体阳性率有随年龄增长而下降的趋势。观察MV初种8-12月龄儿童94人,免疫成功率为96.81%;MV复种5-7岁儿童93人,免疫成功率61.29%;免疫后抗体GMT分别比免疫前提高28.4倍和3.1倍。不论是初种或复种,免疫前抗体处于中低等水平者其免疫成功率显著高于免疫前高抗体水平者。     

1060例孕妇和新生儿TORCH检测结果分析

目的了解TORCH（弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒）感染情况，为妇幼保健提供参考依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA法）检测血清中TORCH特异性IgM。结果676例孕妇TOX、RUV、CMV和HSV特异性IgM抗体阳性率分别为8．O％、3．8％、7．7％、13．5％；384例新生儿TOX、RUV、CMV和HSV特异性IgM抗体阳性率分别0、0．5％、1．6％和0．8％。结论检测TORCH—IgM对优生优育有着重要关系。     

泉州市流动人口麻疹抗体水平调查

目的：了解泉州市流动人口麻疹抗体水平，为预防麻疹爆发流行提供科学依据。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测IgG抗体。结果：流动人口麻疹抗体阳性率为28．5％，几何平均滴度(GMT）为1：206．9，不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异无显著性。结论：加强对流动人口的强化免疫，这对消灭麻疹，提高人群免疫水平十分重要。     

宁夏健康人群A群、C群流行性脑脊髓膜炎抗体水平调查

目的了解宁夏健康人群A群、C群流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)抗体水平。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)的方法检测血清中A群、C群流脑IgG抗体含量。结果A群流脑抗体阳性率平均为37.31%,几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶3.34,经统计学分析各年龄组人群抗体阳性率和GMT均有非常显著性差异(χ2=26.59,F=3.65,P均<0.01)。C群流脑抗体阳性率平均为34.38%,GMT为1∶4.08,各年龄组人群抗体阳性率和GMT均有非常显著性差异(χ2=151.77,F=19.81,P均<0.01)。结论宁夏健康人群流脑抗体水平较低,建议加强流脑疫苗的预防接种工作及流脑的监测。     

HSVⅡ-DNA在生殖器疱疹检测中的应用

目的探讨HSVⅡ-DNA检测对生殖器疱疹中Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒（HSVⅡ）阳性检出率的应用价值。方法选取本院2010年7月～2012年7月性病门诊收治的生殖器疱疹患者135例为实验标本,分别予以荧光定量聚合酶链反应法（FQ-PCR）检测HSVⅡ-DNA和血清酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测HSVⅡ抗体,再以病毒培养法评价以上两种方法的检出率。结果FO-PCR法HSVⅡ-DNA检测的HSVⅡ阳性检出率为74．1％,ELISA法HSVⅡ抗体检测的HSVⅡ阳性检出率为65．2％,作病毒培养标准检测的HSVⅡ阳性率为80．7％;FQ-PCR法检测HSVⅡ的灵敏度、阳性及阴性预测值、特异性显著高于ELISA法。结论FQ-PCR法HSVU-DNA检测的HSVⅡ阳性检出率更贴近于金标准值．并且检测上具有特异性强、灵敏度高、快速等优越性,对于临床诊断生殖器疱疹具有重要的应用价值,值得推广应用。     

Prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex infections. The population-based AIDS in Multiethnic Neighborhoods Study.

OBJECTIVE. To examine the extent and correlates of infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in an inner-city community, we studied the prevalence of antibodies to these viruses and their association with risk behaviors in a representative sample of unmarried white, black, and Hispanic adults living in San Francisco, Calif. DESIGN. Cross-sectional, community-based, random household survey. PARTICIPANTS. In 1988 and 1989, we surveyed 1770 unmarried men and women aged 20 to 44 years from three San Francisco neighborhoods of varying geographic and cultural characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies based on an immunodot assay using type-specific glycoproteins gG-1 and gG-2. RESULTS. Of blood samples from 1212 participants available for testing, 750 (62%) had HSV-1 antibodies and 400 (33%) had HSV-2 antibodies. After controlling for other variables, HSV-1 antibody was significantly correlated (P less than .05) with older age (in heterosexual men, women, and homosexually active men), less education (in heterosexual men and women), and Hispanic (especially those not born in the United States) or black race. HSV-2 antibody was significantly correlated (P less than .05) with female gender, number of lifetime sexual partners and older age (in heterosexual men and women), and low levels of education and black or Hispanic race (in women). Among those with antibody to HSV-2, only 28 (19%) of 149 men and 32 (13%) of 251 women reported a history of genital herpes. However, most men (62%) and women (84%) who reported a history of genital herpes had HSV-2 antibodies. We observed a similar pattern (low sensitivity and moderate specificity) for a history of facial herpes and the presence of HSV-1 antibodies. After controlling for other variables, HSV-2 antibodies were associated with a lower frequency of HSV-1 antibodies among homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. CONCLUSIONS. HSV-1 antibodies were found in nearly two thirds of single urban adults and were most common among Hispanics not born in the United States. HSV-2 antibodies were found in one third of this population and were associated with risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases. For both facial and genital herpes infections, self-reporting of infection was very insensitive and moderately specific.     

生殖器溃疡患者杜克雷氏链杆菌、梅毒螺旋体及人类单纯疱疹病毒2型抗体血清学检测及其与HIV感染的关系

目的：检测女性生殖器溃疡患者血清杜克雷氏链杆菌抗体、梅毒螺旋体血清学、人类单纯疱疹病毒2型抗体，并探讨其与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染之间的关系。方法：将102例女性生殖器溃疡患者作为研究对象。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清HIV抗体，并以蛋白印迹试验(western blot)进行确认；采用快速血浆反应试验(RPR)筛查梅毒，对螺旋体感染患者进一步进行梅毒螺旋体红细胞凝集试验(TPHA)；采用Westem blot测定人类单纯疱疹2型特异糖蛋白抗体；采用酶免法(EIA)测定抗杜克雷氏链杆菌抗体IgA及IgG。结果：杜克雷氏链杆菌IgG或／及IgA阳性共计30例(30．61％)；梅毒RPR或／及TPHA阳性51例(52．04％)；单纯疱疹2型特异糖蛋白抗体阳性17例(17．35％)。98例患者中，HIV抗体阳性47例(47．96％)。30例软下疳患者中19例HIV抗体阳性(63．33％)，51例梅毒病例中21例(41.18％)呈HIV感染，17例单纯疱疹病毒2型特异糖蛋白抗体阳性者中7例(41．18％)HIV抗体阳性；三者之间HIV抗体阳性率无显著差异，但均有易感倾向。结论：杜克雷氏链杆菌、梅素螺旋体及单纯疱疹2型感染所致的女性生殖器溃疡与HIV感染有密切联系。     

肺癌与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺炎衣原体感染状况分析

目的探讨肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中肺炎衣原体(Cpn)的感染状况.方法应用固相酶联免疫吸附法,对确诊的128例肺癌和126例COPD急性加重期患者进行血清肺炎衣原体抗体IgM,IgG检测,以70例健康人为正常对照组(简称对照组).结果COPD组肺炎衣原体IgM抗体阳性率(36.5%,46/126)及IgM和/或IgG阳性率(32.8%,42/126),均较肺癌组(分别为21.8%,28/128和23.1%,30/128)及对照组(分别为1.4%,1/70和2.8%,2/70)明显升高(P＜0.005),肺癌组IgM阳性率较对照组明显升高(P＜0.005)IgM和/或IgG阳性人数为74例,总感染率为22.8%(74/324).结论肺癌和COPD患者都是Cpn易感染人群,其Cpn感染主要表现为急性感染.Cpn可能是COPD急性加重和肺癌合并肺部感染的主要病原.     

食物特异性IgG抗体在婴儿迁延性、慢性腹泻中的检测及意义

目的探讨食物特异性IgG抗体和婴儿迁延性、慢性腹泻的关系,为治疗食物不耐受的迁延性、慢性腹泻提供指导。方法选择迁延性、慢性腹泻病105例为观察组,选择健康体检者30例作为对照组,分别进行食物特异性IgG检测,并进行对比分析。结果观察组105例迁延性、慢性腹泻患者进行食物特异性IgG检测,其中94例(89.5%)结果阳性,对照组4例(13.3%)结果阳性,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仅1种食物特异性IgG阳性的,观察组67例,对照组4例;2种以上食物特异性IgG阳性的,观察组27例(25.7%),对照组0例。其中牛奶特异性IgG阳性的观察组88例(83.8%),对照组3例(10.0%),其次是蛋清/蛋黄。观察组食物特异性IgG阳性结果在2级以上的共90例(85.7%),而对照组2例(6.7%),2组有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食物不耐受与婴儿迁延性、慢性腹泻的发病有关,食物特异性IgG检测对食物不耐受的婴儿迁延性、慢性腹泻的饮食方案制定和治疗有重要指导意义。     

临沂地区健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测报告

本文报告临沂地区1989年健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测结果。按随机抽取5个县的0～4、5～9、10～14、15～19、20岁及以上5个年龄组共393人做为监测对象。抗体阳性率为67.94％,GMT 为1:6.6830,抗体<1:8者占49.36％。各年龄组及各性别时抗体阳性率与 GMT 无显著差异。人群抗体水平较低,麻疹疫苗接种工作不平衡,有造成麻疹局部流行的危险性。强调应该做好麻疹疫苗的免疫接种,并注意麻疹发病年龄后移这一新动态,在适当时机可有针对性地进行青少年及成人麻疹疫苗接种。     

Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) in three sequential serum samples from 62 men who did and 61 men who did not develop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the time of the final (third) serum specimen were studied. Antibody titers to CMV, EBV, and HSV-1 did not significantly rise in or differ between men who did or did not get HIV infection. However, we found that 32 (68%) of 47 HIV seroconverters had antibodies to HSV-2 at the time the third specimen was drawn, whereas only 26 (46%) of 57 men who remained HIV seronegative had HSV-2 antibody positivity. Seroconversion to HSV-2 between any two serum specimens was found in 11 (42%) of the 26 HIV seroconverters but in only five (14%) of 35 men who remained HIV seronegative. The association between HSV-2 seropositivity (or seroconversion) and subsequent or concurrent HIV seroconversion remained when we controlled for factors known to influence HIV infection, including age, number of sexual partners, and percentage of sexual acts involving receptive anal intercourse. These serologic studies do not support the role of CMV, EBV, or HSV-1 in HIV infection but do suggest that HSV-2 infection is a risk factor for subsequent or concurrent HIV infection.     

肾综合征出血热患者病后和人群疫苗接种后远期免疫学效果研究

目的 了解肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫苗接种人群和HFRS患者病后的远期(5年以上)免疫学效果。方法 采用间接免疫荧光试验(IFAT)检测血清HFRS特异性IgG抗体，1：20为阳性。对接种组人群抗体滴度＜1：320者，强化免疫1针，15d后静脉采血，同样方法检测IgG抗体。结果接种组人群95例，抗体阳性率100％，GMT40．29；强化免疫人群59例，GMT71．13；疫苗接种组人群在强化免疫前后GMT有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。HFRS患者55例，抗体阳性率100％，GMT97．87；疫苗接种与否对患者病后的血清特异性IgG抗体水平无显著影响。近9年免疫人群的年发病率为16．38／10万，对照人群为73．92／10万，年均保护率77．84％。结论 HFRS疫苗的远期免疫学和流行病学效果较好；HFRS患者病后具有较持久的免疫力。     

Herpes simplex virus type 2 among Mexican high school adolescents: prevalence and association with community characteristics

BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to estimate the prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) among Mexican adolescents in high school. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis using data that had been collected to evaluate a school-based HIV prevention intervention. As part of the final round of evaluation, capillary blood samples were taken from volunteers to test for antibodies to HSV-2. The effect of each school's seroprevalence on the probability of an individual being seropositive was estimated, and the results were grouped by town to evaluate the association between characteristics of the locality and student HSV-2 seroprevalence. RESULTS: Dried blood spots were collected for 80% of the 1607 participants in the survey who reported that they were sexually active. Of these samples, 21% tested positive for HSV-2 antibodies, with no significant difference in prevalence between men and women. Seroprevalence among schools ranged from 0 to 57%. The number of sex workers registered in the locality was the most important covariate of seroprevalence, with each additional female sex worker (FSW) per 1000 women between 18 and 45 years of age in the town associated with an increase of 1% in the seroprevalence of HSV-2. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of adolescents' micro-environments that influence their pool of potential sexual partners and the likelihood that these partners are HSV-2 positive may be more important predictors of the risk of STI infection than self-reported condom use.     

2型单纯疱疹病毒感染与血脂紊乱相关

目的　探讨 2型单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV 2 )感染与血脂紊乱的关系。方法　连续收集 12 4 4例住院患者 ,其中血脂紊乱患者 4 0 8例 ,无血脂紊乱个体 836例作为对照 ,采用ELISA方法检测外周血中特异性HSV 2型IgG抗体 ,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果　血脂紊乱组 ,HSV 2IgG阳性率 (38 2 % )高于对照组 (30 6 % ,P =0 0 0 7) ,体重指数也较高 (2 4 9± 6 6 ) ,对照组 (2 3 9±7 6 ,P =0 0 0 1)。血脂紊乱组糖尿病及高血压的患病率均显著高于对照组 (分别为 15 2 % ,10 3% ,P =0 0 12 ;4 5 1% ,36 4 % ,P =0 0 0 3)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示 ,HSV 2IgG阳性与血脂紊乱显著相关 ,调整后的危险度优势比 (OR值 )和 95 %可信区间为 1 34(1 0 4～ 1 72 ,P =0 0 2 5 )。其他与血脂紊乱独立相关的危险因素还有体重指数 1 0 3(1 0 1～ 1 0 5 ) ,P =0 0 0 2 ;高血压 1 39(1 0 9～1 79) ,P =0 0 0 8;糖尿病 1 5 0 (1 0 5～ 2 15 ) ,P =0 0 2 8。结论　HSV 2感染是血脂紊乱的独立危险因素 ,增加了患者血脂紊乱的危险性。     

Shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 into saliva after surgery for oral and genital or urological cancer patients

The shedding of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) into the saliva was compared in 28 patients with oral cancer and 26 patients with genital or urological cancer. All subjects tested positive for HSV-1 specific antibody. A statistically significant (p less than 0.001) difference was found: infectious viruses were isolated from 12 (39.8%) of the oral cancer patients versus only 2 (7.6%) of the genital or urological patients. This indicates that direct stimulation of peripheral nerves during surgery was responsible for the greater reactivation of HSV-1.