大剂量静脉注射丙种球蛋白无反应性川崎病的临床分析

目的 探讨对大剂量静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)无反应性川崎病的发生率及临床特点,以及再治疗方案的选择.方法 回顾性总结2000年1月至2006年12月入院的KD患儿的临床资料,根据对首次大剂量IVIG有无反应分成IVIG敏感组和无反应组,比较两组的临床特点.结果 诊断为川崎病并接受IVIG治疗患儿222例,其中IVIG敏感者185例,无反应者37例,发生率16.67%(37/222).无反应组接受IVIG治疗时间早,发热时间长,住院时间长,白细胞总数、中性粒细胞比值、CRP明显高于敏感组,而血浆白蛋白明显低于敏感组.IVIG无反应组合并冠状动脉病变14例(37.84%),明显高于IVIG敏感组(15.68%).IVIG无反应组合并噬血细胞综合征2例,多发性冠状动脉瘤及心肌梗死者1例,多脏器功能衰竭死亡1例.对IVIG无反应者的冉治疗,给予IVIG追加疗法,甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗,泼尼松口服治疗.结论 IVIG无反应性川崎病较IVIG敏感性川崎病更易发生冠状动脉病变和严重并发症;接受IVIG治疗时间、发热时间、中性粒细胞比值、CRP、血浆白蛋白是IVIG无反应的危险因素.对IVIG无反应性川崎病可以用IVIG追加治疗,无效者选用糖皮质激素.     

2012至2016年单中心川崎病流行病学及临床特征研究

目的了解川崎病(KD)患病情况及临床特征,探讨KD冠状动脉损害(CAL)及IVIG耐药的危险因素。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2012年1月1日至2016年12月31日初诊的KD患儿的临床资料,比较分析KD治疗前后,典型和不完全KD,KD伴或不伴CAL,IVIG敏感或耐药的临床特征,分析CAL发生和IVIG耐药的危险因素。结果725例KD患儿进入本文分析,男∶女为1.61∶1,平均年龄（2.7±2.3）岁;不完全KD 206例（28.4%）,典型KD 519例;CAL 216例（29.8%）,IVIG耐药61例（8.4%）;治疗中仅使用阿司匹林者70例（9.6%）。KD伴CAL的危险因素为IVIG耐药（OR=5.138,95%CI：1.835~14.836）和氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）≥1 000 pg·mL-1（OR=2.723,95%CI：1.110~6.679）。IVIG耐药的危险因素为出现CAL（OR=2.586,95%CI：1.067~6.271）。结论KD患病人数、CAL和IVIG耐药患儿有增加趋势。IVIG耐药和NT-proBNP≥1 000 pg·mL-1为KD伴CAL的危险因素,而发生CAL为IVIG耐药的危险因素。     

川崎病患儿治疗前后血清脂源性细胞因子的变化及意义

目的 检测急性期川崎病患儿静脉注射丙种球蛋白（IVIG）治疗前后血清中脂源性细胞因子Omentin-1和Chemerin浓度变化及意义。方法 选取2015年1月至2019年4月确诊为川崎病患儿60例为研究对象,同时选取40例健康儿童和40例急性感染性疾病患儿分别作为健康对照组和感染对照组。根据是否对IVIG治疗敏感将川崎病患儿分为IVIG敏感组（n=51）和IVIG不敏感组（n=9）;根据是否合并冠状动脉损害（CAL）将川崎病患儿分为合并CAL组（n=13）和不合并CAL组（n=47）。ELISA法检测川崎病患儿IVIG治疗前后及两对照组儿童血清Omentin-1和Chemerin水平。结果 川崎病患儿血清Omentin-1和Chemerin水平均明显高于健康对照组和感染对照组（P < 0.05）。经过48 h治疗后,IVIG敏感组患儿血清Chemerin水平较治疗前明显降低（P < 0.05）,血清Omentin-1水平在IVIG敏感组患儿治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。治疗前,IVIG不敏感组患儿血清Chemerin水平明显高于IVIG敏感组（P < 0.05）;合并CAL组血清Chemerin水平明显高于不合并CAL组;而血清Omentin-1水平在IVIG敏感与不敏感组间及合并CAL与不合并CAL组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 川崎病患儿血清中高表达的Chemerin和Omentin-1可能参与川崎病的发生和发展;Chemerin可能参与川崎病所致CAL过程,且血清Chemerin水平可能成为临床预测IVIG敏感性的新监测指标。     

可溶性黏附分子在丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病中的表达

目的 探讨可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）在静脉注射丙种球蛋白（IVIG）无反应型川崎病（KD）患儿中表达的特点和意义。方法 选取使用IVIG治疗的KD患儿271例,其中IVIG敏感型252例,IVIG无反应型19例;发生冠脉扩张的患儿78例;同年龄健康对照组36例。ELISA法检测血浆sICAM-1水平,同时实验室检测全血WBC、中性粒细胞、CRP、血清谷草转氨酶、血钠和血钾水平。结果 IVIG治疗前,敏感型及无反应型患儿sICAM-1水平均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,且无反应型患儿sICAM-1水平亦高于敏感型患儿（P<0.05）;IVIG治疗后24~48 h,无反应型患儿sICAM-1水平高于敏感型患儿（P<0.05）;IVIG治疗前,IVIG敏感合并冠脉扩张患儿中sICAM-1水平明显高于IVIG敏感合并无冠脉扩张患儿（P<0.05）,IVIG无反应合并冠脉扩张患儿sICAM-1水平亦明显高于IVIG无反应合并无冠脉扩张患儿（P<0.05）;无反应型患儿sICAM-1水平与治疗前后WBC水平变化均呈正相关（分别r=0.7562、0.8435,均P<0.01）,与治疗后CRP水平变化亦呈正相关（r=0.8936,P<0.01）。结论 高水平的sICAM-1表达可望作为预测KD患儿对IVIG反应情况及发生冠脉扩张的一项危险因素。     

川崎病冠脉损伤与血浆一氧化氮的相关性及其高危因素预测

目的 探讨川崎病冠脉损伤的高危因素及冠脉损伤与血浆NO的相关性.方法 选择100例川崎病患儿,其中冠脉损伤(CAL)组50例、无冠脉损伤(NCA)组50例,用单因素方差分析筛选出与冠脉损伤有关的指标,进一步用Logistic分析与冠脉损伤独立相关的因素.选择川崎病组69例,其中CAL 39例、NCA 30例、正常对照组90例,用硝酸还原法测各组血浆NO水平.结果 川崎病患儿血清白蛋白和白细胞计数与冠脉损伤的发病危险性独立相关(P＜0.05);发热时间、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、CRP在两组中,与冠脉损伤的发生无相关性(P＞0.05).川崎病血浆NO水平高于对照组(P＜0.05),CAL组高于NCA组(P＜0.01).结论 白细胞计数明显增高和低蛋白血症可能足冠脉损伤的高危因素,可作为川崎病冠脉损伤的预测因子;NO在川崎病的血管炎和冠脉损伤的发生过程中可能起剑一定作用.     

川崎病患儿治疗前后血浆血栓调节蛋白变化的意义

目的探讨川崎病(KD)患儿静脉注射用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗前后血浆血栓调节蛋白(TM)水平变化及其意义。方法治疗组选择本院确诊KD患儿44例。分为冠状动脉损伤组20例和无冠状动脉损伤组24例;正常对照组选择年龄相仿的门诊体检健康儿童15例。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测KD患儿经IVIG治疗前后及对照组血浆TM水平。结果KD患儿治疗前急性期血浆TM水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);与无冠状动脉损伤组比较,冠状动脉损伤组血浆TM水平升高更明显(P<0.05)。经IVIG治疗后KD患儿急性期血浆TM水平明显降低(P<0.01)。结论血浆TM水平在KD患儿急性期、尤其有冠状动脉损伤时明显升高;血浆TM可能参与KD冠状动脉损伤的病理过程。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值及血小板与淋巴细胞比值对于川崎病IVIG敏感性的预测价值

目的分析中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对川崎病(KD)免疫球蛋白(IVIG)敏感性的预测作用。方法采用回顾性队列研究,以404例初诊川崎病患者为研究对象,收集IVIG治疗前后的血常规、NLR和PLR值,通过ROC曲线确定NLR和PLR在预测川崎病IVIG不敏感的最佳cut-off值;用logistic回归确定IVIG不敏感的独立预测因素。结果 404例川崎病患者中31例IVIG不敏感。与IVIG敏感组相比,IVIG不敏感组的冠状动脉扩张发生率明显增高(P0.01);启用IVIG时的病程较短(P0.05);IVIG治疗前后的NLR、PLR水平以及CRP均较高(P0.05)。IVIG治疗前、后的NLR和PLR对川崎病IVIG不敏感最佳预测值分别为4.36、162和1.45、196。多元回归分析显示IVIG治疗前的病程、CRP,以及IVIG治疗前后的NLR和PLR是IVIG不敏感的独立预测因素。结论 NLR和PLR可能作为川崎病患者丙球不敏感的预测指标。     

川崎病治疗前发热时间与丙种球蛋白耐药的相关性临床研究北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)患儿丙种球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)治疗前发热时间与IVIG耐药的关系。方法 回顾性收集2018年1月至2020年12月收治KD患儿317例的病例资料,根据IVIG治疗前发热时间分为短热程组(发热时间≤4 d,n=92)和长热程组(发热时间>4 d,n=225),根据是否发生IVIG耐药将每组再分为耐药组和非耐药组。分析比较不同热程耐药组及非耐药组的基线资料及实验室结果,并采用多因素logistic回归分析IVIG耐药的影响因素。结果 短热程组中IVIG耐药19例(20.7%),并发冠状动脉瘤5例(5.4%);长热程组中IVIG耐药22例(9.8%),并发冠状动脉瘤19例(8.4%);短热程组IVIG耐药率明显高于长热程组(P<0.05),而冠状动脉瘤发生率在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。短热程组中,耐药患儿治疗前血钠水平低于非耐药患儿,而降钙素原、C反应蛋白及N末端B型利钠肽原水平则明显高于非耐药患儿(P<0.05)。长热程组中,耐药患儿治疗前血钠及肌酸激酶水平低于非耐药患儿(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血钠水平降低与长热程组KD患儿IVIG耐药有关(P<0.05)。结论 KD患儿IVIG耐药因IVIG治疗前发热时间不同而异。在治疗前发热时间>4 d的KD患儿中,血钠降低与IVIG耐药具有相关性。     

血清铁蛋白对丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病的预测价值及新预测模型的建立

目的分析血清铁蛋白(SF)对丙种球蛋白无反应型川崎病(IVIGRKD)的预测价值并建立新的预测模型。方法回顾性收集泉州市妇幼保健院2017年1月至2019年12月收治的422例川崎病患儿的病例资料, 根据是否对静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗敏感分为IVIG耐药组和IVIG敏感组。对比分析两组患儿的一般临床特征、实验室检测结果等41项临床指标, 组间比较采用t检验、Mann-WhitneyU检验或χ2检验。运用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析SF对IVIGRKD的预测效能, 运用二元Logistic回归分析研究SF是否为IVIGRKD的独立危险因素, 并建立新的预测评分系统, 检测新评分法和4个常用预测评分系统的预测效能并进行比较。结果 422例川崎病患儿中男285例、女137例, 年龄17.0(9.0, 29.0)月龄, 其中IVIG耐药组57例、IVIG敏感组365例。耐药组SF水平明显高于敏感组[245.0(131.0, 519.0)比 145.0(92.5, 232.5)μg/L, Z=-5.109, P<0.05], ROC曲线分析SF取截断值403.5 μg/L时, ...     

川崎病合并冠状动脉瘤63例临床分析

目的分析川崎病(KD)合并冠状动脉(以下简称冠脉)瘤患儿的临床特点。方法对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2000—2007年收治的63例超声心动图诊断为冠脉瘤的KD患儿临床资料、实验室检查、超声及心电图检查结果、治疗情况及随诊资料进行回顾性分析。结果(1)冠脉瘤患儿男性明显多于女性,男∶女为5.3∶1;冠脉巨大瘤男女比例为8.3∶1;<1岁患儿多发,占28.6%。(2)本组患儿中不完全KD、静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)抵抗以及KD复发的发生率均较高,分别为36.5%、30.2%和7.9%;急性期57例(90.5%)患儿使用IVIG冲击治疗,3例未用,3例使用情况不详;36例(57.1%)患儿发病至丙种球蛋白应用的时间间隔大于10 d。(3)超声检查发现小冠脉瘤患儿7例,中等冠脉瘤19例,巨大瘤37例,左冠脉受累者占76.2%,其中58.3%发生在前降支;右冠脉受累者达87.3%,其中47.3%发生在右冠Ⅱ段;双侧冠脉同时受累者占63.5%。(4)随诊发现71.4%冠脉瘤呈现回缩趋势,45.2%的受累分支冠脉瘤消退,平均消退时间为(2.1±1.5)年。结论对于男性、发病年龄<1岁、不完全KD、发生IVIG抵抗、复发患儿及应用IVIG治疗较晚患儿要警惕冠脉瘤的发生;左冠前降支及右冠脉瘤样病变最多见,多数冠脉瘤在恢复期发生回缩。     

川崎病丙种球蛋白耐药及冠状动脉损伤早期预测指标的研究进展

川崎病是急性全身性血管炎综合征,主要影响冠状动脉.该病的长期预后取决于冠状动脉病变程度.早期应用大剂量静脉丙种球蛋白可以减少冠状动脉病变,丙种球蛋白耐药者冠状动脉病变风险大,早期预测丙种球蛋白耐药及冠脉损伤、及时采取措施对改善预后意义重大.该文对川崎病丙种球蛋白耐药及冠状动脉损伤的预测指标作一介绍.     

Re-treatment for immune globulin-resistant Kawasaki disease: A comparative study of additional immune globulin and steroid pulse therapy

BACKGROUND: We compared the efficacy and safety of additional intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy with steroid pulse therapy in patients with IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease. METHODS: Two-hundred and sixty-two consecutive patients had been treated with a single dose of IVIG (2 g/kg) and aspirin (30 mg/kg per day). Thirty-five patients (13.4%) were not clinical responders to the initial IVIG treatment. They received an additional IVIG treatment (1 g/kg) within 48 h after the initial treatment. Seventeen patients (6.5%) did not respond to the additional IVIG treatment. We randomly divided these patients into two groups: group 1 consisted of eight patients who were treated with a single additional dose of IVIG (1 g/kg), while group 2 consisted of nine patients who were treated with steroid pulse therapy. RESULTS: The IVIG-resistant patients had a high incidence of coronary artery lesions (CAL; 48.6%). Five patients (62.5%) in group 1 had CAL, including two patients who each had a giant aneurysm and three patients who each had a small aneurysm. Seven patients (77.8%) in group 2 had CAL, including two patients who each had a giant aneurysm, two patients who each had a small coronary aneurysm and three patients who each showed transient dilatation during steroid pulse therapy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CAL between the two groups. The duration of high fever in group 2 (1.4~0.7 days) was significantly shorter than in group 1 (4.8~3.4 days; P<0.05). The medical costs for the treatment of patients in group 2 (113, 012 yen +/- 22,084) were significantly lower than those for group 1 (144,194 yen +/- 12,914; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Steroid pulse therapy may be useful in the treatment of patients with IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease who experience prolonged fever. However, transient dilatation of the coronary artery is observed during steroid pulse therapy, so careful echocardiographic examination should be performed for those patients receiving steroid pulse therapy for the sake of early detection of coronary artery abnormalities.     

Extensive Coronary Aneurysms With Thrombosis in Resistant Kawasaki Disease

Giant coronary artery aneurysms that occur in 0.5 to 1% of patients with Kawasaki disease can be fatal if associated with thrombosis. Some patients may show persistent inflammation and fever despite treatment with repeated doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), steroids, and aspirin. This report describes an infant boy with resistant Kawasaki disease who presented with extensive coronary artery involvement and coronary thrombosis. His inflammation was not controlled with multiple doses of IVIG, parenteral and oral steroids, or high-dose aspirin, and he finally needed infliximab, a monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha. The progression of coronary thrombosis was arrested by the platelet glycoprotein 2b/3a receptor blocker, abciximab, during the acute phase of the disease.     

Immunoglobulin Failure and Retreatment in Kawasaki Disease

Several cases of Kawasaki disease (KD) were unresponsive to the initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We retrospectively analyzed all children admitted with KD to determine the occurrence and variables associated with the initial IVIG treatment failure. All patients who fulfilled the criteria for KD and were treated with a single dose (2 g/kg) of IVIG between January 1995 and August 2001 were enrolled. An analysis of the patients who had initially failed to respond to IVIG was performed. A total of 120 patients were enrolled during the study period. There were 68 boys (56.7%). Fourteen patients (11.6%) were found to be unresponsive to initial IVIG treatment. Patients who were anemic (Hb<10 G/DL), HAD A HIGH NEUTROPHIL COUNT (> 75%), a high band count, and low albumin were at risk of failure to respond to a single dose of IVIG. We found no correlation among age, gender, days since starting IVIG treatment, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with failure of the initial IVIG treatment. There were 12 patients (10%) who developed coronary artery aneurysms. The failure of a single dose of IVIG treatment occured in up to 11.6% of our Kawasaki patients. We found that low hemoglobin (<10 G/DL), HIGH NEUTROPHIL COUNT (> 75%), high band count, and a low albumin were associated with the requirement for retreatment with a second dose of IVIG.     

静脉人免疫球蛋白无反应型川崎病患儿的循证治疗

目的：针对近期收治的1例IVIG无反应型川崎病的患儿,我们进行了证据检索和评价,以期找到更有效的治疗方法。方法：通过计算机检索UpToDate(2012.10)、Cochrane图书馆（Issue 10,2012）、PubMed（1978~2012.10）、CNKI（1978~2012.10）等数据库,查找免疫球蛋白或糖皮质激素治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病及病情缓解有关的系统评价、临床随机对照试验等,并对所获证据进行GRADE评价。结果：高质量的临床证据表明,小剂量激素联合IVIG治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病,其在退热效果及减少冠状动脉扩张方面,均优于单纯IVIG治疗。根据此临床证据,结合医生经验及家属意愿对该患儿实施甲强龙（2mg/kg,ivd）联合第三剂IVIG（1g/kg）治疗,激素逐渐减量维持,并继续采用阿司匹林、双嘧达莫等治疗。经治疗后,患儿体温及各实验室指标逐渐恢复正常,心脏彩超随访半年未见有冠状动脉进一步损伤。结论：小剂量激素联合IVIG治疗IVIG无反应型川崎病可有效退热及减少冠脉扩张,长期效果需待进一步观察。     

Steroid Pulse Therapy for Children With Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy–Resistant Kawasaki Disease: A Prospective Study

Patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who did not respond to the initial IVIG are known to have higher risk for developing coronary arterial lesions (CALs). Our aim is to clarify whether patients with initial IVIG resistant KD may benefit from methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) in comparison with re- treatment of IVIG (2nd IVIG). A total of 237 patients (median age: 2 years 2 months; range 1 months–10 years) with KD were initially treated with IVIG (2 g/kg). Among them, 41 patients (22 %) were assessed as IVIG resistance: these patients were allocated to either group A receiving MPT (n = 14) or group B receiving the 2nd IVIG (n = 27). Patients with resistant to the additional therapy (MPT or 2nd IVIG) were received second IVIG (group A) or MPT (group B). Changes in leukocyte count, C-reactive protein and albumin before and after an additional therapy were significantly greater in group A than those in group B. However, the prevalence of CALs did not differ between the groups (36 % in group A and 26 % in group B, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the medical cost between the groups (median cost: 92,032 JPY in group A and 97,331 JPY in group B). MPT does not reduce the risk of development to CAL and does not seem to be beneficial as single agent therapy for IVIG resistant KD.     

不同剂量静脉丙种球蛋白或加甲泼尼龙治疗无反应川崎病患儿疗效观察

目的:探讨不同剂量静脉丙种球蛋白（IVIG）或加甲泼尼龙治疗无反应川崎病（KD）患儿疗效观察。方法:回顾性收集2002至2010年首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院IVIG无反应KD住院患儿的临床资料,根据归纳的6种IVIG或加甲泼尼龙的给药方法分为IVIG 2 g组、IVIG 1次1 g组和IVIG 2次1 g组（1次1 g组不敏感病例再次IVIG 1次1 g组方案）。以接受不同剂量IVIG或加甲泼尼龙（2 mg·kg-1×3 d）治疗后48 h患儿体温降至38℃以下定义为敏感,以接受不同剂量IVIG或加甲泼尼龙治疗2周后超声心动图判断冠状动脉是否损伤。结果:9年间在KD急性期接受规范首剂IVIG 2 g·kg-1治疗无反应KD的发生率为18.3%（230/1 257）。IVIG 2 g组40例,36例敏感（90.0%）,4例加用甲泼尼龙敏感;IVIG 1次1 g组190例,123例敏感（64.7%）,7例加用甲泼尼龙敏感;IVIG 2次1 g组60例,25例敏感,35例加用甲泼尼龙敏感。不加甲泼尼龙时,IVIG 2 g组与IVIG 1次1 g组敏感率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;IVIG 2 g组与IVIG 1次1 g组、IVIG 2次1 g组敏感率之和差异无统计学意义（P=0.082）。不加甲泼尼龙时,3组中IVIG敏感184例,发生冠状动脉损伤44.0%;IVIG不敏感46例,加甲泼尼龙治疗后均敏感,发生冠状动脉损伤32.6%;加或不加甲泼尼龙治疗的KD患儿发生冠状动脉损伤差异无统计学意义（P=0.183）。3组发生冠状动脉损伤差异无统计学意义（P=0.623）。加或不加甲泼尼龙治疗时,IVIG 1 g·kg-1给药冠状动脉损伤的结局不比IVIG 2 g·kg-1给药差,在药费上减少了一半,如仍不敏感还可选择甲泼尼龙或再次IVIG 1 g·kg-1给药。结论:IVIG无反应的KD患儿中,IVIG 2 g·kg-1比IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗效果好,因经济条件等所限不能行IVIG 2 g·kg-1再治疗者,可选择先行IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗,仍不敏感时可选择甲泼尼龙,也可选择再次IVIG 1 g·kg-1治疗。     

Standard-dose and short-term corticosteroid therapy in immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease

Six patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) were treated with prednisolone (1 to 2 mg/kg/day) for 3 days (from days 10 to 12 after the onset of the illness) after apparently unsuccessful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 2 g/kg/dose and additional 1 g/kg/dose). Five patients responded immediately to the first course of prednisolone infusion. One patient failed to respond to the first course of prednisolone therapy, but he did respond to the second 3-day course of therapy. None of the patients demonstrated a further progression of coronary artery dilatation or any adverse effects. Standard-dose and short-term corticosteroid therapy therefore appears to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with IVIG-resistant KD.     

Analysis of potential risk factors associated with nonresponse to initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment among Kawasaki disease patients in Japan

BACKGROUND: Some Kawasaki disease (KD) patients do not respond to initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The purpose of this study was to determine potential risk factors associated with IVIG nonresponse among KD patients in Japan. METHODS: Data were obtained from questionnaires used for the 18th nationwide KD survey of patients who visited hospitals in Japan from 2003 through 2004. Data for patients who met the case definition for KD and received 2 g/kg single infusion IVIG as the initial treatment within 10 days of illness were analyzed. IVIG nonresponders were defined as patients who needed secondary treatment after initial IVIG administration. RESULTS: Among 15,940 KD patients in Japan during 2003-2004, 6330 patients received 2 g/kg single infusion IVIG within 10 days of illness onset. IVIG nonresponders accounted for 20.3% of them (n = 1286). Male sex [odds ratio (OR), 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.37], receipt of the initial IVIG before the fifth day of illness (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.66-2.15), and having recurrent KD (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.00-1.90) were significantly associated with IVIG nonresponse. In addition, IVIG nonresponders had significantly higher risks for coronary artery aneurysms (OR: 10.38, 95% CI: 6.98-15.45) or giant coronary artery aneurysms (OR: 54.06, 95% CI: 12.84-227.65). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should consider potential IVIG nonresponse among recurrent KD patients or KD patients diagnosed and treated before the fifth day of illness, particularly if they are boys and have laboratory values associated with nonresponse such as low platelet count, and elevated alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein. Some of these patients may benefit from administration of the alternative secondary treatment early during the illness along with the initial IVIG treatment.     

可诱导共刺激分子在川崎病患儿外周血T淋巴细胞的表达

目的 探讨可诱导共刺激分子(ICOS)在川崎病(KD)及KD伴有冠状动脉损害,IVIG非敏感型KD发病机制中的作用.方法 应用荧光定量PCR检测48例KD组和30例KD IVIG治疗组ICOSmRNA表达的变化.同时以25例同龄健康儿童和20例急性支气管肺炎患儿作为对照.结果 KD组与对照相比,ICOSmRNA表达显著升高(17.97 ± 7.22对8.01 ± 5.15,P ＜ 0.01).其中冠状动脉损害组较无冠状动脉损害组ICOS表达异常升高(29.09 ± 10.55对11.68 ± 5.11,P ＜ 0.01).KD IVIG组与KD组比较,ICOSmRNA表达降低(13.03 ± 5.15对17.97 ± 7.22,P ＜ 0.05).其中IVIG不敏感组与IVIG敏感组比较,ICOS表达显著升高(21.57 ± 6.22对9.85 ± 5.89,P ＜ 0.05).结论 B7/CD28家族分子中正性调节因子ICOS过度表达可能是导致KD免疫失衡的原因之一,正性调节因子过度表达可能与KD冠状动脉损害有关.IVIG治疗在纠正KD淋巴细胞过度活化中发挥作用,同时可能有下调正性调控因子表达的作用.