汉语语法量表的制定和标准化

目的　准确、全面地评定汉语失语症患者的语法缺失程度。方法　根据汉语语法特点、文化背景及语法习惯 ,设计了一套用于定量评定汉语失语症患者语法缺失程度的方法。包括词类、语序、语用、句子 图画匹配及语言符号操作五部分。由 2名检查者中的任一名用该量表对 138名受试者进行一对一的检查 ,部分受试者间隔 1～ 2周重测一次 ,同时测查标准汉语失语检查法 (ABC)。通过各部分的量表分计算失语法指数。结果　经 138名正常受试者的标准化研究 ,发现该量表简便、实用。重测信度良好 (r =0 .6 84～0 .974 ,P <0 .0 1)。失语法指数与ABC法失语指数呈正相关 (r =0 .6 70 ,P <0 .0 1) ,说明该量表的效标效度良好。文化程度是影响失语法成绩的重要因素 ,按文化程度划分了失语法指数的正常分界值。结论　该检查法的编制符合失语检查和心理检查的基本要求 ,为汉语失语法的定量分析提供了一个标准化的检查手段。     

汉语失语症计算机辅助流利性检测的研究

目的研究基于计算机模糊智能识别运算的语言障碍诊治仪ZM2．1（简称：语言障碍ZM2．1）对失语流利性检测的效度与信度。方法采用ABC法和语言障碍ZM2．1两种方法分别对58例失语症患者进行流利性检测，两种方法检测间隔时间在3d之内。结果ABC法流利性内部一致性检验，整体克朗巴赫α系数（Cronbach α）=0．8732；语言障碍ZM2．1平均语速和ABC法流利性总分有正相关性趋势，Spearman系数为0．721（P〈0．01）；语言障碍ZM2．1检测流利性的准确度为81％（以XABC法为标准）；测得两者流利性结果一致性良好（P〈0．01）。结论语言障碍ZM2．1在评价失语症流利性方面具有良好的信度和效度，可用于临床进行失语症的流利性检测。     

不同部位及损害与失写症关系的研究

目的：系统了解不同部位脑损害致汉失写症的特点。方法：采用ABC法和CAB法测定试口语和书写能力,统计言语障碍类型,计算各项书写得分和失写指数,比较大脑各部位之间的差异。结果：56例患者中左侧半球损害41例,其中失语30例,失写32例,后者中纯失写1例,失读并失写1例;右侧半球损害15例,其中失语合并失写3例,两侧半球间失语失写率有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。左侧半球不同部位之间不同书写项得分无显著性差异（P＞0．01）结论：不同部位脑损害引起的失写有各自的特点。但相互之间部分性质存在交叉重叠现象,左侧半球不同部位之间书写项得分没有差别。     

汉语失语症患者主语问句和宾语问句理解和表达障碍的特点

目的观察汉语失语症患者疑问句理解和表达障碍的特点，探讨其理解及表达障碍的机制，为失语症患者的诊断及康复训练方法提供依据。方法根据《汉语语法量表》选择10例失语法性失语症患者作为失语法性失语组（简称失语法组），选择14例非失语法性失语症患者作为非失语法性失语组（简称非失语法组），另外选取24例正常人作为正常对照组。用经过设计的主语问句和宾语问句（各20句）对患者进行理解能力和表达能力的测试。结果失语法组患者两种疑问句的理解正确率间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），失语法组患者两种疑问句的表达正确率间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；失语法组患者对两种疑问句的理解能力和表达能力明显低于非失语法组患者和对照组（P〈0．05）。结论汉语失语法性失语症患者对疑问句的理解和表达障碍有其自身特点，可能为以后失语患者康复计划的制定及预后判断提供有用资料。     

丘脑卒中的记忆与智能的初步研究

用"临床记忆量表"和"韦氏成人智力量表"检测26例丘脑卒中患者的记忆和智能。用26例健康人作对照,发现左侧丘脑卒中可遗留长期遗忘,其中语言记忆较视觉记忆更差,与对照组比P＜0．01。属于语文记忆的联想学习．指向记忆的成绩明显低于右丘脑卒中组P＜0．05。左丘脑卒中的智能障碍与右丘脑卒中组和对照组比均有明显差异P＜0．01。右丘脑卒中与视空间功能有关的操作智商低下,与对照组比P＜0．01。说明丘脑卒中后产生的记忆障碍和智能改变,表现与大脑半球一致的优势。     

Eppendorf精神分裂症量表中文版的信度和效度

目的：研究Eppendorf精神分裂症量表(ESI)中文版的信度和效度。方法：信度评价采用分半信度、内部一致性、重测信度。效度评价采用区分效度、内容效度、平行效度、结构效度。结果：KSI量表和各因子的分半信度为0．8087—0．9738，Cronbach α系数为0．7694—0．9508；1周后重测信度为0．677—0．876。各因子与总分的相关系数在0．815—0．909之间，因子之间的相关小于因子与总分的相关；ESI与阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)有很好的相关性，因子分析得出4个因子与原作者的因子相关系数在0．747—0．943之间。结论：ESI量表有较好的信度和效度，值得推广和使用。     

失语患者听理解中的特殊范畴语义障碍

目的：探讨失语患者听理解中特殊范畴语义障碍的特点。方法：（1）用汉语失语检查法（ABC）检查42例卒中后失语患者，其中，Broca失语（BA）8例，Wernicke失语9WA）5例，传导性失语（CA）11例，经皮质运动性失语（TCM）8例，经皮质感觉性失语（TCS）7例，命名性失语（AA）3例；（2）分别统计各型失语患者ABC中听辨认9项的得分，并用SPSS软件处理数据。结果：（1）BA、TCM和AA患者听辨认9项间差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。（2）WA、CA、TCS患者对9个项目的听辨认存在不同程度困难；物品和动作听理解障碍的程度较轻，而颜色和（或）身体部位的听理解障碍较重。差异有显著意义的（P＜0．05）是：WA患者在物品（M＝4分）、物品图（M＝6分）、动作图（M＝4分）与颜色（M＝0）分、家具（M＝0分）及身体部位（高、低频和左／右）（M＝2，0，0分）间，几何图（M＝2分）与物品图及身体部位（低频）间；CA患者在物品（M＝10分）、物品图（M＝10分）、动作图（M＝10分）与身体部位（高、低频和左／右）（M＝9，8，4分）间，几何图（M＝9分）与物品图间，颜色（M＝10分）、家具（M＝10分）与身体部位（低频）间；TCS患者在物品（M＝10分）与家具（M＝5分）和身体部位（低频）（M＝6分）间，动作图（M＝10分）、家具和身体部位（低频）间。结论：（1）失语患者听理解中特殊范畴语义障碍主要见于有明显听理解障碍者，（2）不同型失语患者的听辨认中有相似的特殊范畴语义障碍。     

女性性生活质量问卷在精神分裂症患者中的信度和效度

目的探讨女性性生活质量问卷在精神分裂症患者中的信度和效度。方法将3所医院门诊常规就诊并符合入组标准的180名女性精神分裂症患者作为研究人群,给予女性性生活质量问卷、Olson婚姻质量问卷中的婚姻满意度、性生活和夫妻交流分量表进行评估,并对测试结果进行了信度分析和效度分析。结果问卷总的Cronbaehs α系数为0．919,重测信度为0．875（P〈0．01）;验证性因子分析统计检验结果显示该模型的各项重要统计指标均达到了统计学要求;各因子之间的相关在0．181～0．697之间,各因子与总分之间的相关在0．421～0．841之间,均P〈0．01;问卷的总分与ENRICH的三个分量表得分相关在0．388—0．688之间（P〈0．01）,其中总分与性生活分量表相关程度最高。结论女性性生活质量问卷在精神分裂症患者中具有较好的信度和效度。     

大脑双侧半球病变所致汉语失写的差异

目的探讨大脑双侧半球所致汉语失写症的差异以及神经心理学机制。方法采用汉语失语检查法(ABC)及汉语失写检查法(CAB)测试大脑双侧半球损害患者的口语和书写能力,统计失语类型及失写类型。结果100例患者中,左侧皮层损害Broca失语14例,命名性失语11例,左侧皮层下损害主要是基底节性失语19例;右侧皮层损害纯词哑1例和纯失读1例,右侧皮层下损害全部是基底节性失语7例;左侧皮层损害失语性失写57例,惰性失写12例;左侧皮层下损害语言性失写26例,惰性失写6例;右侧皮层损害全部是语言性失写2例;右侧皮层下损害语言性失写5例,视空间失写1例;两半球损害致失语、失写发生率之间的差异是显著的(P<0.05),左半球损害后失语和失写的发生率均较右半球损害高。结论左右半球协同合作完成汉字语言信息的完整处理。     

抑郁症患者中庸思维、反应方式和情绪的关系

目的：探讨抑郁症患者中庸思维、反应方式和情绪的关系。方法运用中庸思维量表、反应方式问卷、正性负性情绪量表对300例符合ICD－10中抑郁症诊断的患者进行测评,并对三者的关系进行分析。结果沉思与负性情绪呈正相关（ r ＝0．268,P ＜0．01）,分心与正性情绪呈正相关（ r ＝0.359,P ＜0．01）,与负性情绪呈负相关（ r ＝－0．167,P ＜0．05）;中庸思维与分心呈正相关（ r ＝0.242,P ＜0．01）,与负性情绪呈负相关（ r＝－0．237,P＜0．01）。中庸思维调节沉思和负性情绪的关系。结论中庸思维程度不会改变分心对情绪的影响,中庸思维程度越低沉思对负性情绪的影响越大。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.