颈动脉多普勒超声与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变的关系

目的采用彩色多普勒超声仪分析心绞痛患者颈动脉病变,探讨其在冠状动脉病变中的临床诊断价值。方法选择因心绞痛行冠状动脉造影的住院患者328例,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为4组:对照组(80例)、单支病变组(102例)、2支病变组(62例)和多支病变组(84例)。用彩色多普勒超声仪测量颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(intimamediathickness,IMT)及颈动脉分叉处IMT,记录颈动脉斑块的位置、数量。结果与对照组比较,2支病变组分叉处IMT和斑块积分明显增高,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT、分叉处IMT和斑块积分明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与对照组比较,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT增厚比例明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与单支病变组比较,多支病变组颈总动脉IMT增厚比例明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。糖尿病是冠状动脉病变的主要危险因素(OR=2.8,95% CI:1.18～6.63)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉病变有相关性,采用彩色多普勒超声分析颈动脉病变情况,对冠心病患者具有较好的筛查及预测价值。     

Distribution and severity of coronary artery disease in 500 patients with angina pectoris

The distribution and severity of coronary disease in 500 patients with angina pectoris and at least one area of 50% or greater reduction of luminal diameter in a major coronary artery were compared with respect to patients' age and coronary arterial pattern. The coronary arterial patterns were separated into right (360 patients), mixed (89 patients), and left (51 patients) systems, depending upon the blood supply to the inferior surface of the left ventricle. The following relationships were noted: 1) In patients with angina pectoris, the distribution and severity of coronary artery disease is similar from the third to eighth decade. 2) Coronary arterial stenoses of 50-70% of greater reduction of luminal diameter involve most frequently the proximal portion of the major vessels. Coronary artery disease is multivessel in nature in 80% of cases. In single vessel disease the left anterior descending artery is involved most frequently. 3) The left main coronary artery is moderately to severely obstructed less frequently in individuals with left (2%) as compared to right (8%) and mixed (10%) systems. Otherwise, the distribution of coronary artery disease is similar in right, mixed, and left systems. 4) Coronary artery disease is a diffuse rather than a focal process. As demonstrated by coronary arteriography, patients with coronary artery disease have smaller vessels throughout the arterial tree as compared with individuals free of evident coronary atherosclerosis.     

血清TSLP与稳定型心绞痛患者内皮功能和冠状动脉病变的关系

目的 研究血清胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素（TSLP）水平与稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者肱动脉内皮功能及冠状动脉病变的关系。方法 连续收集2017年5~11月在我院心血管内科经冠状动脉造影确诊的SAP患者279例和非冠心病者75例（对照组）;术前空腹留取血清待检TSLP和应用超声无创性检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能（FMD）以评估血管内皮功能。应用改良Gensini积分评估冠状动脉病变的严重程度,根据结果进一步将SAP患者分为重度、中度和轻度病变亚组。结果 与对照组比较,SAP组FMD显著降低[(7.5±3.1)%比(13.2±3.8)%,P<0.01],而血清TSLP水平则显著升高[(258.2±59.2)pg/mL比(153.7±48.4)pg/mL,P<0.01]。在SAP三个亚组间比较,随冠状动脉病变由轻到重,FMD逐渐降低（P<0.01）,血清TSLP逐渐升高（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,血清TSLP是冠状动脉重度病变的独立危险因素（OR=1.707,95%CI: 1.334~2.184,P<0.01）。血清TSLP与FMD呈直线负相关（r=-0.402,P<0.01）;进一步多因素分析排除其他心血管危险因素的干扰后,前述两者之间仍存在负相关关系（β′=-0.311,P<0.01）。结论 SAP患者血清TSLP水平与肱动脉内皮功能和冠状动脉病变严重程度密切关系,提示TSLP可能参与了冠心病的病理生理过程。     

血清胆红素与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的关系

目的探讨血清胆红素与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的关系。方法以2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间在唐山工人医院诊治并符合条件的连续的486例冠心病患者为研究对象,男性292例,女性194例,平均年龄(61.4±13. 2)岁。在出院前一天抽空腹静脉血检测总胆红素。回顾冠状动脉造影,采用SYNTAX评分系统对冠状动脉病变进行评分。本研究进行前瞻性随访,起点事件为经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI),终点事件为主要不良心血管事件(MACE),随访截止日期为2017年12月31日。应用多因素Logistic回归分析血清胆红素与SYNTAX评分之间的关系。生存率估算应用Kaplan-Meier法,两条生存曲线之间的比较采用log-rank检验,应用多变量Cox比例风险回归分析血清总胆红素与MACE之间的关系。结果多因素Logistic回归分析表明,男性、年龄、2型糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)和总胆红素为中高SYNTAX评分的独立影响因素。低胆红素组有38例发生MACE,高胆红素组有25例发生MACE。两组之间无MACE生存曲线存在显著差异(χ2=4.785,P=0.029)。多因素Cox回归分析表明,男性、年龄、总胆红素和SYNTAX评分为影响MACE发生的独立因素。结论血清胆红素是影响PCI术后心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的重要因素。     

Relationships of coronary artery atherosclerosis severity with blood pressure variability and ankle-brachial index in hypertensive patients

Background Numerous trials showed that blood pressure variability(BPV) plays an important role in triggering acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, few studies have clarified the relationship between the coronary artery atherosclerosis severity with BVP and ankle-brachial index(ABI). There are few studies in which have investigated BPV, ankle-brachial index(ABI), brachial ankle pulse wave velelocity(ba PWV)and severity of coronary angiography( CAG) at the same time. Methods Totally 188 hypertensive patients from January 2012 to March 2015 were enrolled in this study. All the cases underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM), CAG and ABI. The extent of coronary artery disease was assessed by the Gensini score system. The subjects were divided into four groups: A( Gensini score=0), B(Gensini score≤20), C( 20Gensini score 50), D(Gensini score≥50). Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used for analyses. Results Compared with the A and B group, most of blood pressure standard deviation and average ABI of D group were higher(P 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that Gensini score was positively correlated with24 h systolic blood pressure standard deviation(24hsbpsd),day systolic blood pressure standard deviation(dsbpsd)and night systolic blood pressure standard deviation(nsbpsd); But it was reversely correlated with ABI. ABI was reversely correlated with 24 hsbpsd and nsbpsd. Gensini score was positively correlated with 24hsbpsd(P=0.02)and dsbpsd(P0.05),while reversely correlated with ABI(P0.05) by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.Conclusion BPV and ABI are closely related to severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. They are predictors in patients with coronary artery disease with hypertension.     

The J-curve relationship between diastolic pressure and coronary collateral circulation in patients with single chronic total occlusion

Background

In our previous study, we had shown that high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was positively related to well-developed coronary collateral circulation (CCC). This study sought to find out the more precise relationship between DBP and CCC.

Methods and results

To investigate this, we conducted a study of 671 patients with single chronic total occlusion of coronary artery. The DBP of the patients was divided into six groups: ≤65 mmHg, >65–≤75 mmHg, >75–≤85 mmHg, >85–≤95 mmHg, >95–≤105 mmHg, >105 mmHg). The extent of CCC was graded as poorly-developed or well-developed collaterals according to Rentrop classification. There was a J-curve relationship between the level of DBP and the incidence of poorly-developed collaterals.

Conclusion

The relationship between DBP and CCC is similar to the J-curve relationship between DBP and cardiovascular risk. The influence of DBP on the development of CCC may be one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the J-curve phenomenon relating DBP to cardiovascular risk.     

急性心肌梗塞和不稳定心绞痛患者餐后血压与冠脉病变程度的相关性

目的：探讨急性非ST段抬高心肌梗塞（NSTEMI）和不稳定心绞痛（UAP）患者餐后血压的变化特点及其与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法：对120例预备行冠状动脉造影的NSTEMI和UAP患者，晨8时在空腹状态按标准方法用水银汞柱血压计测量血压，然后进食标准餐，于进食后30min、60min、90min、120min重复测量血压。所有患者行经皮选择性冠状动脉造影检查，采用累积积分法评价冠状动脉病变程度。结果：NSTEMI和UAP患者餐后血压下降33．3％，血压不变41．7％，血压升高者仅25．0％，进一步分析表明，餐后血压下降者糖尿病及女性患者比例较高（P〈0．05），并且主干及多支病变的比例达到84．1％，冠脉平均累积积分、血磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK～MB）及肌钙蛋白I（TnI）的浓度也明显高于血压不变组及血压升高组（P〈0．05～〈0．01）。结论：急性非ST段抬高心肌梗塞和不稳定心绞痛患者的餐后血压变化和冠状动脉病变程度有关。     

脉压水平与冠状动脉病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨脉压水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法：根据257例冠脉造影阳性患者的脉压水平．分为脉压≤65mmHg（1mmHg-0．133kPa）和〉65mmHg两组；又按AHA及ACC冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的分类方法，对冠脉病变程度进行分类。然后统计不同组别间冠脉各种病变的发生率．并作出统计学分析。结果：两组间A、B型及单支、双支病变发生率相似．但脉压〉65mmHg组的C型及三支病变发生率明显高于脉压≤65mmHg组的（P〈0．05）；且脉压与病变狭窄度、长度呈正相关关系（r=0．356、=0．298．P〈0．05）。结论：脉压与冠状动脉病变呈正相关．在临床治疗时应注意对脉压的控制。     

中心动脉压与冠状动脉病变程度及预后的关系

目的探讨中心动脉压与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度及预后的关系。方法选择2011年11月至2012年10月烟台市莱阳中心医院心内科冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病患者98例,年龄45~82岁,其中合并高血压组54例,根据病变支数分为单支病变组(48例)和多支病变组(50例),冠状动脉造影结束后,同步测量升主动脉根部(直接测量法)和肱动脉(袖带加压法)的血压,记录中心动脉及肱动脉压力参数,随访2年并比较两组患者主要心血管事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果多支病变组中心动脉收缩压(CASP)、中心动脉脉压(CAPP)、肱动脉收缩压(SBP)、肱动脉舒张压(DBP)水平高于单支病变组(均为P0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示:CAPP≥49 mmHg(中位数)时MACE发生风险明显增高(χ~2=11.216,P=0.001),冠状动脉多支病变患者MACE发生风险明显高于单支病变患者(χ~2=7.716,P=0.005)。在校正年龄、BMI、吸烟及血压水平等因素后,多变量Cox回归分析显示:CAPP(RR:1.095,95%CI:1.030~1.165,P=0.004)是MACE的危险因素。结论中心动脉压水平与冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度关系密切,CAPP是MACE的危险因素。     

冠心病心绞痛合并糖尿病患者病变冠脉参照节段血管血管内超声的特点

目的：应用血管内超声成像（IVUs）评估冠心病心绞痛合并糖尿病患者冠脉造影示“正常”的病变冠脉参照节段的动脉粥样硬化病变大小,形态以及其与临床的相关性。方法：入选确诊心绞痛的患者82例,按是否合并DM分为：DM组（32例）和非DM组（50例）。应用IVUS对两组的84支参照节段血管进行检查。结果：所有82例84支血管参照节段血管内超声检测均存在动脉粥样硬化病变。与非DM组比较,DM组参照节段血管流通面积明显减小[（8．03±1．86）mm。比（7．79±1．27）mm2],参照节段外弹力膜面积[（14．09±3．86）mm2比（15．29±2．51）mm2]、斑块负荷[（41．9±8．58）％比（48．69±6．86）％]、偏心指数[（3．76±2．49）比（8．13±6．77）]及病变长度[（6．66±4．73）mm比（10．58±5．74）mm]明显增大,P均〈0．01。直线相关：分析显示,参照节段斑块负荷与目标病变斑块负荷呈正相关（r=0．880,P〈0．001）。结论：在冠状动脉造影“正常”的参照节段同样存在动脉粥样硬化病变,且病变在糖尿病患者更加弥漫。     

冠心病患者血尿酸及同型半胱氨酸水平与冠脉病变严重程度的关系

目的:观察分析冠心病患者血清尿酸（UA）及同型半胱氨酸水平（homocysteine,Hcy）与冠状动脉病变程度的关系及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院经冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病患者165例,按Gensini评分分为3组,A组（<20分组）、B组（20~40分组）、C组（>40分组）,另将冠状动脉造影正常的54例患者作为正常对照组。分别比较各组间UA、Hcy水平。结果:冠心病患者的UA、Hcy的水平显著高于正常对照组（P<0.05）,且不同Gensini积分组C组与A和B组UA、Hcy水平之间差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:UA、Hcy水平与冠脉病变严重程度密切相关。     

Dental pain threshold and angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease

One hundred eight consecutive patients with proved coronary artery disease and reproducible exercise-induced myocardial ischemia were studied. During repeated exercise testing, 52 patients (Group I) had myocardial ischemia in the absence of pain (silent ischemia) whereas 56 patients (Group II) experienced anginal symptoms in the presence of electrocardiographic signs of ischemia. A pulpal test was carried out in all patients using an electrical dental stimulator commonly used in dentistry. Electrical current was delivered in increasing intensity from 10 to 500 mA, and the dental pain threshold and the reaction of the patients to maximal stimulation were determined. During the pulpal test, 71.2% of the patients in Group I did not experience pain, even at maximal stimulation (threshold 0), 11.5% were sensitive at threshold I (10 to 200 mA) and 17.3% felt pain at threshold II (210 to 500 mA). In Group II, 69.7% of the patients complained of dental pain at the low intensity test current (threshold I), 10.7% at threshold II and 19.6% at threshold 0. In Group I, 71.2% of patients did not have discomfort (reaction -), even at maximal stimulation, 21.1% had a mild reaction (reaction +) and 7.7% had an intense painful reaction (reaction ++). In Group II, 80.4% of patients were sensitive to the pulpar test (67.9% reported intense painful sensation at maximal stimulation, 12.5% had a mild reaction); 19.6% of patients had no reaction. The two groups of patients were similar with respect to age, sex and angiographic features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血管内皮功能的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血管内皮功能的关系。方法应用高分辨率彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对176例健康老年人(健康对照组)及161例老年冠心病患者(冠心病组)进行肱动脉血管内皮功能的超声检测,并对老年冠心病组患者冠状动脉病变支数与肱动脉血管内皮功能进行分析。结果反应性充血(reactive hyperemia,RH)后血管内径的变化率(flow-mediated diameter,FMD)及RH在老年冠心病组分别为6.05%及56.29%,而在健康对照组则分别为16.12%及127.23%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。FMD在1支冠状动脉病变时为6.37%,在2支冠状动脉病变时下降为5.69%,而在3支冠状动脉病变时仅为3.94%;RH在1支冠状动脉病变时为62.19%,在2支冠状动脉病变时下降为53.45%,而在3支冠状动脉病变时仅为40.13%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论老年冠心病组血管内皮功能较健康对照组明显减退。随着冠心病患者冠状动脉血管病变程度的增加,血管内皮功能进一步减退。血管内皮功能的减退在一定程度上可能反映了冠状动脉血管病变的严重程度。     

24h动态脉压与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的探讨24h动态脉压(24hPP)与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系。方法选择2011年8月至2013年3月行冠状动脉造影检查(CAG)拟诊冠心病患者230例。入选患者均进行动态血压监测(ABPM)及冠脉Gensini评分。比较冠状动脉正常者与不同冠状动脉狭窄支数病变患者24hPP水平差异;比较24hPP50 mmHg组和≥50 mmHg组患者冠状动脉狭窄病变情况。采用二元Logistic回归分析冠状动脉病变与24hPP等因素的关系。结果冠状动脉双支及三支病变组24hPP显著高于冠状动脉正常组(P0.05)。24hPP≥50 mmHg组的冠状动脉病变率及Gensini积分显著高于24hPP50 mmHg组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明24hPP是冠状动脉发生狭窄病变的独立危险因素(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.07~1.53)。结论 24hPP是冠心病的独立危险因素,临床可作为预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的指标。     

冠心病患者脑钠肽与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的探讨脑钠肽与冠心病患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变严重程度的相关性。方法入选行冠脉造影检查的冠心病患者173例,所有患者入院后均行冠脉造影检查及血浆脑钠肽(BNP)检查,分析不同冠脉病变支数、冠心病分型、冠脉病变程度(Gensini积分)与患者血清BNP水平之间的关系。结果随着冠脉病变支数增加,患者BNP水平呈显著增加趋势(P0.05)。稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死三组患者BNP水平呈显著增加趋势,三组BNP水平之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。BNP100pg/ml的患者Gensini积分显著高于BNP100 pg/ml的患者Gensini积分,分别为(53.7±15.9)分vs.(29.3±20.7)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Gensini积分与BNP水平存在显著正相关(r=0.476,P0.05)。结论 BNP水平与冠心病患者冠脉病变严重程度正相关,BNP水平有可能作为冠心病患者冠脉病变严重程度的判断指标。     

冠心病患者血尿酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性分析

目的:探讨血清UA水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月至2012年6月,在我科住院行冠状动脉造影检查者408例。根据造影结果,分为冠状动脉正常组和冠心病组,并根据SYNTAX评分,将冠心病组分为低危组(1～22分)、中危组(23～32分)及高危组(>33分)。测定空腹UA水平、空腹血脂:包括TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C。比较各组患者血脂、血UA水平。男性UA以<416μmol/L为正常值,女性以<357μmol/L为正常值,再将患者分为高UA组和正常UA组,比较两组SYNTAX评分,并进行相关性分析。结果:SYNTAX评分高危组、中危组与正常组比较TC、LDL-C显著增高,而正常组、低危组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SYNTAX评分高危组、中危组与同性别冠状动脉正常组比较,血UA水平显著增高。正常UA组与高UA血症组在年龄、性别、TC、TG、HDL-C及LDL-C的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高UA血症组患者的冠状动脉SYNTAX评分显著高于正常血UA组。多元Logistic回归分析表明血UA水平与冠状动脉病变程度相关。结论:血UA是冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关危险因素,随着血UA水平的增高,冠状动脉病变程度增加。     

The relationship between fragmented QRS complexes and severity of coronary artery lesion in elderly patients with complex coronary artery lesions

正Objective To investigate the relationship between fragmented QRS(f QRS)complexes and the severity of coronary artery lesions in elderly patients with complex coronary artery lesions.Methods Two-hundred and one elderly patients with complex coronary lesions undergoing coronary angiography in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from     

Differential coronary calcification on electron-beam CT between syndrome X and coronary artery disease in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The differential diagnosis of syndrome X and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with evidence of myocardial ischemia may be difficult. The possible difference in coronary calcium detected by electron-beam CT (EBCT) between syndrome X and CAD is rarely evaluated, especially in aged patients with chronic, stable angina. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Prospective, controlled study at a tertiary referral medical center. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Forty patients with syndrome X (85% male) and 53 patients with CAD (89% male) were enrolled. Ten control subjects (90% male) with negative exercise treadmill test results and normal coronary angiographic findings served as control subjects. EBCT determined the coronary calcium scores (CCSs), and standard cardiovascular risk factors of all study subjects were analyzed. RESULTS: The 93 study patients had CCSs that ranged from 0 to 1,857. Coronary calcification was seen in 2 of the 10 control subjects (20%), 21 of the 40 syndrome X patients (52.5%), and 51 of the 53 CAD patients (96.2%) [p < 0.01]. The CCS (median [range]) was significantly lower in syndrome X patients than in CAD patients: 1 (0 to 117) vs 202 (0 to 1,857) [p < 0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses also demonstrated that coronary calcification differentiated syndrome X from CAD (area under curve, 0.891; 95% confidence interval, 0.806 to 0.947). Of the CAD patients whose CCSs were < 117 and overlapped with CCSs of syndrome X, multivariate analyses determined CCS > 5 (odds ratio, 13.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.86 to 59.7), hypertension (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 27.4), and hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 30.5) to be independent discriminators to differentiate CAD from syndrome X. Patients with CAD had more frequent hypertension than patients with syndrome X. CONCLUSIONS: The coronary calcium detected noninvasively by EBCT was different, though with some overlapping, between patients with syndrome X and CAD. In addition to standard cardiovascular risk factors, CCS determined by EBCT (especially > 117 or = 0) could differentiate between syndrome X and CAD in patients with chronic, stable angina with evidence of myocardial ischemia. Larger trials would be useful to validate CCS on EBCT as a predictor of clinical outcome in these patients.