Analysis of the human brain in primary progressive multiple sclerosis with mapping of the spatial distributions using 1H MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (ppMS; n=4) patients and controls (n=4) were examined by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in order to map choline (Cho), creatine and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion constant (ADC). After chemical shift imaging (point-resolved spectroscopy, repetition time/echo time 1,500 ms/135 ms) of a supraventricular volume of interest of 8×8×2 cm³ (64 voxels) MRS peak areas were matched to the results of DTI for the corresponding volume elements. Mean FA and NAA values were reduced in the ppMS patients (P<0.01, both) and the ADC increased (P<0.02). The spatial distribution of NAA showed strong correlation to ADC in both ppMS patients and controls (r =–0.74 and r= –0.70; P<0.00001, both), and weaker correlations to FA (r=0.49 and r=0.41; P<0.00001, all). FA and ADC also correlated significantly with Cho in patients and controls (P<0.00001, all). The relationship of Cho and NAA to the ADC and the FA and thus to the content of neuronal structures suggests that these metabolite signals essentially originate from axons (NAA) and the myelin sheath (Cho). This is of interest in view of previous reports in which Cho increases were associated with demyelination and the subsequent breakdown of neurons.     

Normal-appearing white matter in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a comparative proton spectroscopy study

We investigated neurochemical abnormalities in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) on MRI of patients with optic neuritis (ON) and compared them to those of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients with ON (42) were classified into three groups according to abnormalities on brain MRI. Patients with MS (55) were devided in two groups: relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). All patients underwent MRI of the brain and localised proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of NAWM. The results were compared to those of 15 controls. Patients with MS had significant abnormalities compared with controls and with patients with ON. Patients with RRMS and those with ON had comparable MRS parameters, while patients with SPMS had significant spectroscopic abnormalities in comparison with controls, but also with patients with RRMS. These changes consisted of a decrease in N -acetylaspartate, a neuronal marker, which may reflect axonal dysfunction and/or loss. MRS abnormalities were detected in 14 patients with ON (27 %). The main abnormalities consisted of a decrease in N -acetylaspartate, an increase in choline-containing compounds at long echo times, and the presence of free lipid peaks at short echo times. MRS of the NAWM on MRI may prove useful for detecting neurochemical brain abnormalities in ON not visible on MRI. Received: 19 January 1999 Accepted: 23 March 1999     

MR spectroscopy of cervical spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis

MR spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain in patients with multiple sclerosis has been well studied. However, in vivo MRS of the spinal cord in patients with MR spectroscopy has not been reported to our knowledge. We performed MRS of normal-appearing cervical spinal cords in multiple sclerosis patients and in healthy controls. N-acetyl aspartate was shown to be reduced within the cervical spinal cord of multiple sclerosis patients when compared with healthy controls. This finding supports axonal loss and damage within even normal-appearing spinal cords of multiple sclerosis patients.An erratum to this article can be found at     

多发性硬化灰质病变MRI研究进展

多发性硬化(MS)是以脱髓鞘、炎症、神经胶质过多及神经元丢失为特征的中枢神经系统的神经退化疾病,以时间上的多发性(多次发作)及空间上的多发性(多个部位发作)为特征,病因不明。MS的各个时期均存在灰质损伤并与临床功能障碍有较大的联系。新兴MRI技术能够检测灰质的病灶、微观结构损害、代谢物变化、血氧水平及灌注变化等多方面信息,为深入理解MS的发病机制、制定治疗方案以及评估预后提供大量有价值的信息,就MRI技术在MS灰质病变检测中的研究进展予以综述。     

多发性硬化的磁共振诊断

目的 :阐述多发性硬化 (MS)的磁共振影像特征表现及其诊断价值。方法 :对 2 2例临床诊断为MS的患者进行MRI检查 ,检查序列包括T1WI、T2 WI、快速液体衰减反转恢复序列 (fastfluid attenuatedinversionrecovery ,FLAIR)。其中 8例行Gd DTPA增强检查。结果 :①病灶分布 :幕上组织单独受侵者最多 ,占 63 .6% ,幕上幕下组织同时受侵者占 2 7.3 % ,幕下组织单独受累者仅占 9.1%。其中病灶以分布于侧脑室周围者最多 ,占 47.7%。②病灶形态以卵圆形或圆形为主 ,占 92 % ,其余 8%为不规则形。③病灶大小以 相似文献   

多发性硬化性脑萎缩MRI评估及其临床意义

目的;研究多发性硬化的脑萎缩和神经机能缺损以及与病程的相关性,分析脑结构萎缩与病残程度的关系。方法：多发性硬化患者42例,其中复发缓解型（RR）25例,平均年龄31岁（17-41岁）;进展型（SP）17例,平均年龄38例（32-53岁）,健康对照组15例。据MRI多发性硬化病灶计算病损的体积。结果：MS患者的大脑白质、幕下结构、胼胝体容积较健康对照组明显减少（P＜0.01),上颈髓减小44.4%、小脑减小20.3%、脑干减小23.1%、胼胝体减小21.8%。SP组较RR组上的颈髓和大脑白质萎缩更为明显（P＜0.05至P＜0.01)。脑室扩大（r= 0.50,P＜0.01)与胼胝体体积减小（r=-0.55,P＜0.01)之间有明显相关性,病人组上颈髓萎缩与临床神经机能障碍明显相关,临床技能评分（SNRS）减少与上颈髓萎缩具相关性（r= 0.48,P＜0.01）,在脑白质上结构变化与对照组比较与病程明显相关（r=-0.47,P＜0.005),大脑白质萎缩与SNRS亦相关（r=0.41,P＜0.05)。中枢神经结构萎缩在多发性硬化的RR组、SP组之间的差异,尤其幕下结构在复发缓解型多发性硬化有更明显的变化。提示急性炎症所致的中枢性传导束变性,可能在多发性硬化中是较早发生的病理过程。MRI对多发性硬化的随访与预后评估有一定意义。     

多发性硬化的MR扩散加权成像研究

目的：总结多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis,MS)的扩散加权成像（diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)表现，定量研究MS病灶区水分子表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）值、扩散各向异性指数（anisotropy index,AI)的变化规律。方法：18例218个病灶分为5组：A组为MS急性期活动性病灶9例72个病灶，B组为A组中4例治疗后随访的病例，共31个病灶，C组为缓解－复发型的缓解期静止病灶9例（115个病灶），D组取病灶对侧或邻近的正常表现白质区域(normal appearance white matter,NAWM)，共218个，E组为正常对照组18例。总结病灶在DWI与常规MRI上的表现。测量病灶及临近正常表现白质区以及正常对照组相应区的ADC、AI。结果：在DWI上，进展型MS表现为高信号（T2WI表现为水肿样高信号）。缓解－复发型的急性发作期MS表现为环形或圆形高信号病灶。缓解－复发型的缓解期病灶与白质相比表现为稍高信号。各种分型与分期的MS病灶的ADC升高，AI下降，与NAWM及正常对照组间存在明显差异（F＝26．89，P＜0．01）。AI在病程后期表现为明显下降。MS病灶在T2WI上表现为高信号。强化MS病灶的ADC值 比非强化病灶的ADC值低（t＝4．19，P＜0．01），而2组的AI值之间无显著性差异（t＝0．99，P＞0．05）。结论：DWI与常规MR相比可以提供定量的诊断信息。能够反映MS不同临床分期的病理变化。扩散定量研究在MS的诊断、鉴别诊断以及疾病预后疗效中有重要的价值。     

多发性硬化患者脑灰质损害的MRI表现及扩散张量成像定量研究

目的 分析多发性硬化(MS)患者脑灰质病灶的MRI特征及表现正常的脑灰质(NAGM)是否存在隐匿性损伤.方法 对34例临床确诊的MS患者(MS组)和25名健康志愿者(对照组)行常规头颅MRI和扩散张量成像(DTI),观察MS的脑灰质病灶特征,测量深部灰质核团的平均扩散率(ADC)和各向异性分数(FA),采用非配对t检验比较两组间是否存在差异.结果 MR检查发现MS的脑灰质病灶共83个,占全部病灶(443个)的18.7%.分布以额叶最多,其次是颞叶与丘脑.大多数病灶呈圆形或类圆形,其中T2WI发现灰质病灶60个,液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)序列T2WI发现病灶78个,其中71个病灶呈高或稍高信号,3个病灶呈中心低、周围稍高的环形改变,4个呈低信号.扩散加权成像(DWI)发现高信号或低信号病灶36个,其中有9个小病灶在DWI呈明显高信号.其余病灶呈等信号而不能被发现.MS组尾状核头、壳核、丘脑的ADC值分别为(8.0±0.7)、(7.4 ±0.5)、(7.7±0.4)×10-4mm2/s,均高于对照组[分别为(7.4±0.6)、(7.0 ±0.5)、(7.2±0.7)×10-4mm2/s],差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为-3.079、-2.564、-2.722,P值均<0.05).结论 MS的脑灰质病灶在常规MRI和DWI上的表现有一定的特征,FLAIR联合DWI可提高病灶的检出,DTI可以反映出NAGM内的隐匿性损害.     

重复时间对MR氢质子波谱定量脑组织代谢物浓度的影响

目的 探讨在体单体素氢质子MR波谱(1H-MRS)重复时间(TR)对定位测量脑组织代谢物绝对和相对浓度的影响.方法 正常志愿者30名采用1.5 T超导型MR成像系统行点分辨自旋回波(PRESS)序列单体素1H-MRS扫描,取左侧大脑半球顶枕部白质,体素8 cm3,TR分别为1500和5000 ms.采用线性拟合模型(LCModel)处理原始数据,测量肌酸和磷酸肌酸(tCr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、肌醇(mI)、N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、甘油磷酸胆碱(GPC)和谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺(Glx)等的绝对浓度和相对浓度,并采用配对t检验对不同TR下各代谢物的浓度进行比较.结果 大脑左顶枕部白质代谢物tCr、Clu、mI、NAA、GPC和Glx在TR为1500 ms时绝对浓度分别为(3.0±0.2)、(4.4±0.7)、(3.0±0.3)、(5.0±0.4)、(1.1±0.1)和(5.9±0.6)mmol/L;TR为5000 ms时分别为(4.2±0.4)、(5.3±0.5)、(3.7±0.5)、(6.7±0.7)、(1.4±0.1)和(6.6±0.6)mmol/L.TR为1500 ms时,Gh、mI、NAA、GPC和Glx的相对浓度分别为1.47±0.27、1.00±0.11、1.69±0.17、0.36±0.05和1.95±0.22;TR为5000 ms时分别为1.25±0.12、0.89±0.09、1.60±0.16、0.33±0.04和1.58±0.17.不同TR时,各代谢物绝对浓度和相对浓度差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论1H-MRS可有效地进行脐组织代谢物绝对浓度和相对浓度的测量,PRESS序列中不同的TR所获得的代谢物绝对和相对浓度均有较大差异,较短的TR可低估代谢物的绝对浓度.     

1H MR spectroscopy evidence for the varied nature of asymptomatic focal brain lesions in neurofibromatosis type 1

We present the MRI and ¹H MR spectroscopy findings in six patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and asymptomatic focal brain lesions. Variations in imaging appearances were seen, including regression of a previously identified lesion. MR spectra for the lesions and corresponding areas of normal brain show significant differences. The lesions could be separated into two groups, one demonstrating only slight metabolite ratio changes relative to normal brain and the other group showing significant increase in choline and decrease in N-acetyl aspartate. The lesion which regressed fell into the second group. These findings are not in agreement with those previously reported and provide evidence for the varied and possibly transient nature of these asymptomatic lesions. The spectroscopy findings suggest that metabolite changes may be present without visible changes on MRI. Received: 10 September 1999/Accepted: 26 June 2000     

正常人脑不同区域^1H磁共振波谱研究

目的：应用１Ｈ磁共振波谱技术研究正常人脑内化合物的含量和分布。材料和方法：应用１．５Ｔ磁共振仪对１８例正常人脑进行１Ｈ波谱测试，测量的感兴趣区包括大脑皮层、白质、丘脑和小脑，所用序列为激励回波探测序列（ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｅｃｈｏａｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅ，ＳＴＥＡＭ）。结果：１Ｈ磁共振波谱可以检测出脑内许多化合物，如Ｎ－乙酰门冬氨酸（ＮＡＡ）、含胆碱类化合物（Ｃｈｏ）、肌酸和磷酸肌酸（Ｃｒ＋Ｐｃｒ）、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺（Ｇｌｕ＋Ｇｌｎ）、脂质、乳酸等。各化合物的浓度在脑的不同区域存在着差异。ＮＡＡ／Ｃｈｏ比值在灰质最高，小脑最低。Ｃｒ／Ｃｈｏ比值在小脑最高、白质最低。设定肌酸的浓度在灰质和小脑为１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，在白质和丘脑为１１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，计算ＮＡＡ的绝对浓度为１３～２３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，并且灰质的含量高于小脑和丘脑。结论：１Ｈ磁共振波谱技术可无创性检测出脑组织中与能量代谢、氨基酸、脂肪酸及神经递质有关的化合物，并可定量测定，有助于研究生理和疾病时脑生化改变。     

临床孤立综合征和复发缓解型多发性硬化患者表现正常脑白质及脑灰质的MR扩散张量直方图比较

目的 评价扩散张量成像(DTI)对临床孤立综合征(CIS)的研究价值,了解CIS的病理变化机制及与复发缓解型多发性硬化(RRMS)的关系.方法 选择19例CIS患者(CIS组)、19例RRMS患者(RRMS组)和19例性别、年龄与之匹配的健康志愿者(正常对照组)为研究对象.用1.5 T超导型MR机采集数据,经图像后处理得到表现正常脑白质(NAWM),表现正常脑灰质(NAGM)的平均扩散率(MD)、各向异性分数(FA)直方图,其中提取出下列指标:平均值、直方图峰高和峰位置,进行单因素方差分析和秩和检验,并对3组NAWM、NAGM的MD、FA值与扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评分进行Spearman相关分析.结果 RRMS组患者表现正常脑白质MD为(0.83±0.04)×10-3mm2/s,较正常对照组(0.78±0.02)×10-3mm2/s、CIS组(0.79±0.02)×10-3mm2/s均显著增高(F=15.304,P＜0.01),但CIS组与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MD图峰高CIS组明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01);RRMS组平均FA值(0.36±0.03)较正常对照组(0.41±0.01)及CIS组(0.40±0.02)均降低(F=17.965,P＜0.01),但CIS组与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),平均FA图峰位置CIS组较正常对照组明显左移.NAGM MD在正常对照组、CIS组、RRMS组分别为(1.03±0.05)、(1.08±0.06)、(1.18±0.12)×10-3mm2/s,依次增高,且差异均有统计学意义(F=15.261,P＜0.01).CIS患者的各项DTI指标与EDSS评分均无显著性相关.RRMS患者NAGM的MD与EDSS评分呈正相关(r=0.568,P＜0.05).结论 DTI直方图可以敏感的显示及量化CIS及多发性硬化(MS)NAWM、NAGM的异常,作为MS最早期表现的CIS患者NAWM、NAGM均已发生了病理改变,但较MS病变轻.     

脑肿瘤治疗后磁共振质子波谱评价

目的：评估脑肿瘤手术后、放疗后的多体素^1H MRS的临床应用价值。方法：21例脑肿瘤手术后、放疗后行多体素^1H MRS检查。结果：^1H MRS显示脑肿瘤内Cho升高5例，其中4例手术证实为肿瘤复发，1例为胶质增生。放射治疗后肿瘤生长抑制。^1H MRS表现为Cho降低，NAA、Cr明显下降。放射性坏死^1H MRS表现为肿瘤坏死区出现乳酸-脂质峰。结论：^1H MRS可评估脑肿瘤术后复发和监测肿瘤放疗后的病理变化，是一种有价值的检查方法。     

MR in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis: an overview

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, persistent inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that typically presents as an acute clinically isolated syndrome attributable to a monofocal or multifocal demyelinating lesion, which usually affects the optic nerve, spinal cord, or brainstem and cerebellum. Although the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is still based on clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging is now integrated in the overall diagnostic scheme of the disease because of its unique sensitivity to demonstrate the spatial and temporal dissemination of demyelinating plaques in the brain and spinal cord. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences are highly sensitive in detecting multiple sclerosis plaques and provide a quantitative assessment of inflammatory activity and lesion load. However, there is a persisting mismatch between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging efficacy of approved treatments, which underlies the fact that this technique does not suffice to explain the entire spectrum of the disease process. In recent years, great effort has been dedicated to overcoming these limitations by using non-conventional magnetic resonance-derived metrics that can selectively measure the more destructive aspects of multiple sclerosis pathology and monitor the reparative mechanisms. These metrics, which include unenhanced T1-weighted imaging, measures of central nervous system atrophy, magnetization transfer imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, provide a better approximation of the pathological substrate of the multiple sclerosis plaques, have increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, and have proven useful for studying the natural history of multiple sclerosis and monitoring the effects of new treatments. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging not only plays an essential role in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, but can also serve as a true biological marker of the severity of this disease.     

Visual analysis of serial T2-weighted MRI in multiple sclerosis: intra- and interobserver reproducibility

We evaluated the effect of consensus formation and training on the agreement between observers in scoring the number of new and enlarging multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on serial T2-weighted MRI studies. The baseline and month 9 MRI studies of 16 patients with a range of MRI activity were used (dual-echo conventional spin-echo sequence, TR 2000, TE 34 and 90 ms, 5 mm contiguous slices, in-plane resolution 1 mm). First, the serial studies were visually analysed for the presence of new and enlarging lesions, on two occasions, by five experienced observers, without adopting any consensus strategy and in isolation. Next, the observers met to identify the common sources of inconsistencies in reporting between observers and formulate consensus rules. Finally, a further independent reading session was performed on the same MRI dataset, this time applying the consensus rules. Agreement between observers was assessed using kappa scores. Without the consensus rules, interobserver kappa scores for the first and second reading sessions for new lesions were only 0.51 and 0.39 respectively; agreement for enlarging lesions was even worse. The mean intraobserver kappa score for new lesions was higher at 0.72, reflecting the fact that the observers were consistently applying their individual assessment strategies. Application of the consensus rules did not lead to a significant improvement in inter observer kappas; the kappa scores adopting the guidelines were 0.46 and 0.21 for new and enlarging lesions respectively. Consensus guidelines thus did not improve the reproducibility of visual analysis of serial T2-weighted MRI, and the level of agreement between observers remained only moderate. Suboptimal repositioning is likely to be a major source of residual variability and this suggests a future role for image registration strategies; until then, a single observer, or pair of observers working in consensus, should be used in MS studies. Received: 6 April 1999 Accepted: 21 April 1999     

Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the cervical spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis

Our purpose was to evaluate the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize cervical spinal cord white matter (WM) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DTI were obtained in 21 MS patients and 21 control subjects (CS). Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed at C2/3, C3/4, and C4/5 within the right, left, and dorsal (WM) to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Measurements in plaques and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients were compared with mean FA and ADC of WM in CS. FA was significantly lower in all regions in MS patients than in CS. ADC was significantly higher in all regions in MS patients than in CS except for in the dorsal WM at C2/3 and the bilateral WM at C4/5. The mean FA was 0.441 for plaques and 0.542 for NAWM, as compared with 0.739 in CS. The mean ADC was 0.810 × 10⁻³ mm²/s for plaques and 0.722 × 10⁻³ mm²/s for NAWM, as compared with 0.640 ×10⁻³ mm²/s for CS. FA and ADC showed significant differences between plaques, NAWM and control WM(P < 0.01).     

多发性硬化临床表现与MRI分析(附85例分析)

目的:为提高多发性硬化(multiplesclerosis,MS)的临床诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析了85例临床明确MS患者的临床与MRI资料,总结该病的临床与MRI特点。结果:MS好发于中年(平均发病年龄33.0±10.81岁)女性(61.2%);受凉和/或上呼吸道感染为最常见诱因(53.3%);常见临床症状依次为肢体无力(68.2%)、视力障碍(42.4%)和感觉障碍(42.4%);寡克隆区带和诱发电位检查是最重要的辅助检查手段。MS好发部位依次为侧脑室体旁(67.1%)、半卵圆中心(44.7%)、颈髓(41.2%)、胸髓(34.1%)和胼胝体(31.8%);病灶多呈斑片状(91.8%);在T1WI为低、稍低或等信号,在T2WI上多为高信号;病灶多呈斑片状、斑点状或环形强化。结论:结合临床与MRI表现,可提高对MS诊断的准确性。     

Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with pyogenic brain abscess: MR spectroscopic imaging versus single-voxel spectroscopy

Purpose

Single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) has been the gold standard technique to diagnose the pyogenic abssess. Two-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is able to provide spatial distribution of metabolic concentration, and is potentially more suitable for differential diagnosis between abscess and necrotic tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of MRSI and SVS in the detection of the metabolites in pyogenic brain abscesses.

Materials and methods

Forty-two patients with pyogenic abscesses were studied by using both SVS and MRSI methods. Two neuroradiologists reviewed the MRS data independently. A κ value was calculated to express inter-reader agreement of the abscesses metabolites, and a correlation coefficient was calculated to show the similarity of two spectra. After consensus judgment of two readers, the binary value of metabolites of pyogenic abscesses (presence or absence) was compared between SVS and MRSI.

Results

The consistency of spectral interpretation of the two readers was very good (κ ranged from 0.95 to 1), and the similarity of two spectra was also very high (cc = 0.9 ± 0.05). After consensus judgment of two readers, the sensitivities of MRSI ranged from 91% (acetate) to 100% (amino acids, succinate, lactate, lipid), and the specificities of MRSI were 100% for detecting all metabolites with SVS as reference.

Conclusion

SVS and MRSI provide similar metabolites in the cavity of pyogenic brain abscess. With additional metabolic information of cavity wall and contralateral normal-appearing brain tissue, MRSI would be a more suitable technique to differentiate abscesses from necrotic tumors.     

多发性硬化MRI表现及其诊断价值

目的：探讨多发性硬化(MS)的MRI表现特征及其诊断价值。方法：对21例MS患者进行了MRI检查，所有病例均行Gd-DTPA增强扫描。扫描序列包括：T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR，6例进行了随访观察。结果：21例均有MRI阳性表现，3例仅有脊髓病灶，12例仅有脑部病灶，6例脊髓与脑均有病灶。脑内病灶共358个，以侧脑室旁白质区和半卵圆中心多见。形态大小不等，幕上多于幕下。胼胝体受累6例，典型者病灶长轴与侧脑室体部垂直。脊髓表现为髓内长条状长T2信号影，颈髓多见。19例有不同程度的增强表现，病灶强化程度与病灶活动性明显相关。随访病例发现：2例病情稳定者无强化表现并无新病灶出现，4例病情反复者出现新病灶并有强化表现。结论：MRI能清楚显示脑和脊髓的MS病灶，并具有相对特征性的表现，能客观地反映病灶的活动性。     

3.0T MR磁敏感加权成像对多发性硬化患者脑静脉的研究

目的 探讨磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在检查多发性硬化(MS)患者大脑内静脉及属支和深部髓静脉改变中的价值.方法 对43例MS患者和年龄、性别相匹配的43名健康志愿者行常规了MRI和SWI,在43例MS患者中,5例病程<0.5年,17例病程0.5-2.0年,21例病程>2.0年.SWI所得静脉图像应用MinIP处理后,南2名有经验的医师双盲法评定MS患者大脑内静脉及其主要属支和深部髓静脉的改变,并与对照组比较.统计学分析采用Kruskal Wallis H 检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验.结果 43例MS患者中,23例为活动期,20例为稳定期.(1)大脑内静脉及其主要属支评分:23例活动期、20例稳定期MS患者及43名健康志愿者分别为(1.96±0.71)、(1.25±0.44)及(3.00±0.00)分,三者间差异均有统计学意义(H=67.65,P<0.01);活动期和稳定期MS患者均较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-6.67、-7.76,P值均<0.01),而活动期与稳定期MS患者比较差异也有统计学意义(Z=-3.35,P<0.01).(2)侧脑室体旁深部髓静脉改变:38例病程>0.5年的MS患者(17例病程0.5～2.0年、20例病程>2.0年)侧脑室体旁深部髓静脉减少、变短;5例病程<0.5年的MS患者侧脑室体旁深部髓静脉增多、延长.(3)"穿通静脉"表现:23例活动期MS患者中,35个侧脑室体旁强化病灶内"穿通静脉"明显扩张、延长;20例稳定期MS患者中,80个侧脑室体旁末强化病灶内"穿通静脉"变细、变短,但在3例患者中,6个侧脑室体旁未强化病灶内"穿通静脉"扩张、延长.结论 SWI能显示MS患者人脑内静脉及其属支和深部髓静脉改变,对了解MS的发病机制及病理改变具有重要价值.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in detecting the changes of cerebral internal veins and their tributaries.especially the deep medullary veins,in the patients with multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods Conventional MRI and SWI were performed in 43 MS patients and 43 healthy volunteers(control group).Two groups were matched on gender and age.In the MS patients.the course of disease was less than 0.5 year in 5 paticnts,between 0.5 year and 2.0 years in 17 patients and more than 2.0 years in 21 patients.SWI venograms were obtained by performing minimum intensity projection(MinIP)reconstruction.Comparing with the control group,the changes of the cerebral internal veins,their main tributaries and the deep medullar veins in the MS patients were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists with double blind methods.Kruskal Wallis H analysis and Wilcoxon rank test were used for statistics.Results In the 43 patients,23 had active MS(active group),20 had chronic MS (chronic group).(1)The mean score of the cerebral internal veins and their main tributaries was(1.96±0.71)for 23 active MS patients,(1.25±0.44)for 20 chronic MS patients and(3.00±0.00)for the control group,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups(H=67.65,P<0.01).And the mean scores in the active and chronic MS patients were lower than that in the control group (1.96±0.71 vs 3.00±0.00,Z=-6.67.P<0.01:1.25±0.44 vs 3.00±0.00,Z=-7.76,P<0.01),the mean score in the active MS patients was higher than that in the chronic MS patients(Z=-3.35,P<0.01).(2)The deep medullar veins were shortened or diminished in 38 MS patients whose course of disease were more than 0. 5 year, and increased and prolonged in 5 MS patients whose course of disease were less than 0.5 year. (3) The " penetrating veins " were dilated and prolonged in 35 periventricular enhanced lesions in the 23 active MS patients, and thin and short in 80 periventricular non-enhanced lesions in the 20 chronic MS patients. However, in 3 chronic MS patients, slightly expanded and prolonged "penetrating veins" were detected in 6 periventricular non-enhanced lesions. Conclusion SWI can reveal the changes of the cerebral internal veins and their tributaries, especially the deep medullary veins, in different stages of MS patients, providing important information for pathogenesis and pathological study for MS patients.