下腔静脉单向造影对下腔静脉完全闭塞型Budd-Chiari综合征的诊断

77例下腔静脉(IVC)闭塞型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)患者术前行彩超、CT/MRI检查,术中经股静脉途径行IVC单向造影.使用钝性破膜导丝经股静脉途径开通IVC闭塞病变,继而完成球囊扩张或内支架置入等介入治疗.结果 77例IVC闭塞远端结构与闭塞段结构显示满意,25例IVC闭塞近心段显示清晰,52例IVC闭塞近心段结构通过降低图像窗宽和调整窗位也得到满意显示.在良好的IVC图像导引下IVC闭塞开通全部成功,未见严重并发症出现.认为经股静脉途径行单向IVC造影对IVC闭塞型BCS的IVC病变与临近结构的显示和介入治疗有重要意义.     

138例肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征介入治疗的研究

背景肝静脉阻塞型Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)的病因尚未完全明了,其传统治疗方法为门体或肠腔分流术,近年介入放射学技术已成为治疗BCS的常用方法.目的总结11年期间以介入技术治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS的经验,评价其疗效.方法以介入技术治疗138例肝静脉阻塞型BCS患者.介入治疗方法有经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、置入支架和经导管清除血栓.以血管造影表现和压力变化评价即刻疗效,以症状显著改善或消除评价临床疗效,随访期间行超声检查,部分复查CT和CT血管造影(CTA).结果肝静脉阻塞多为膜性阻塞(60.1%).同时存在肝静脉和下腔静脉阻塞者占25.4%,合并下腔静脉血栓占8.0%,肝静脉血栓形成占5.1%.介入治疗成功率为97.1%.单纯行肝静脉球囊扩张成形术28例(20.9%),球囊扩张后向狭窄段置入支架106例(79.1%).介入开通阻塞后,肝静脉压力从(36±9)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)降至(18±7)cm H2O.术中未出现并发症.治疗成功者术后相关症状明显改善或完全消失;32例术前以门静脉高压症为主要表现者术后未发生静脉曲张破裂出血,复查内镜示静脉曲张程度减轻.术后随访118例,均生存,其中9例(7.6%)临床症状复发,经血管造影证实支架区狭窄,开通再狭窄成功6例.结论介入放射学技术,如PTA、置入支架和经导管清除血栓是治疗肝静脉阻塞型BCS安全和有效的方法,远期疗效优良.     

介入治疗布-加综合征883例体会

目的总结介入治疗布-加综合征（BCS）的临床经验及存在的问题。方法对883例BCS患者行下腔静脉（IVC）造影,确定病变部位、类型,再用硬导丝或Rups100穿刺针穿通阻塞部位、球囊扩张,对短段狭窄或闭塞、扩张后球囊有切迹的隔膜型和长段狭窄型常规放置腔静脉支架。结果本组883例,扩张成功803例,其中IVC747例,肝静脉（HV）56例,放置IVC支架504例,HV支架16例。本组46例需行附加降低门脉高压手术。术后发生急性肾衰8例,肝昏迷2例,急性心衰43例。并发IVC急性血栓形成5例,死亡2例。673例获随访7～124个月,复发31例。结论介入治疗BCS具有安全、有效、恢复快等优点,逐渐成为临床首选。     

JL指引导管用于右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变介入治疗

目的探讨右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变的介入治疗（PC I）方法,对比分析经桡动脉和股动脉途径采用JR、JL和AL指引导管介入治疗右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变的适应证和并发症。方法2003年1月至2005年7月右冠状动脉慢性闭塞行PC I者305例,分别采用桡动脉JR,AL/JL导管法和股动脉JR/AL导管法PC I。观察指引导管置入成功率,钢丝通过率,球囊扩张成功率和支架置入成功率及各种并发症的发生率。结果上述3种方法的指引导管放置成功率均很高,但钢丝通过率、球囊扩张和支架置入成功率,桡动脉JL/AL导管法（99%,98%,98%）显著高于桡动脉JR（75%,63%,63%）和股动脉JR/AL导管法（83%,77%,77%,P<0.05）。无严重并发症发生。结论右冠状动脉慢性闭塞硬病变介入治疗JL/AL指引导管法优于桡动脉和股动脉JR指引导管法,并发症发生率没有增加。     

Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗

0引言Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)是由于肝静脉(HV)或肝段下腔静脉(IVC)阻塞引起的一组综合征.其共同的主要病因是血栓形成和膜性狭窄.BCS一旦形成,罕见自行缓解的病例,病情常进行性发展,因此BCS应尽早治疗.由于药物治疗效果欠佳,目前主要采取外科手术和介入治疗.介入治疗自1974年日本学者用于治疗BCS以来,技术渐成熟,是当前BCS治疗的热点,操作简便,安全,创伤性小,并发征少而轻,可重复性强,疗效肯定,已成为BCS治疗的首选方法.1适应征IVC各种膜型和节段型或闭塞及肝静脉入口狭窄或闭塞均可采用球囊扩张术(PTA)及血管内支架置入术(E…     

影像学评价对选择Budd-Chiari综合征介入治疗途径的价值

目的 探讨BCS介入术前彩色多普勒超声、CT、磁共振、血管造影等影像学检查对设计介入治疗途径的价值。方法 根据彩色多普勒超声、CT、磁共振、血管造影等影像学检查结果，依据下腔静脉与肝静脉、副肝静脉的关系．采用不同的介入手术方法及入路，经股静脉、经颈静脉、经皮经肝穿刺或经副肝静脉开通下腔静脉、肝静脉、副肝静脉或同时开通。结果 根据术前影像学检查，决定手术方案、选择合理的术式和入路。50例手术均获得成功，疗效确切。其中下腔静脉狭窄34例（膜性20例，节段性14例），肝静脉狭窄、闭塞10例，下腔静脉狭窄伴肝静脉阻塞3例，肝静脉闭塞伴副肝静脉狭窄、闭塞2例。49例下腔或，和肝静脉开通后球囊扩张，共置入金属支架29例。肝小静脉闭塞1例，行TIPS术。术后随访1～36月，其中2例下腔静脉膜性狭窄球囊扩张术后分别于6和8个月出现再狭窄，后行金属支架置入．症状消失。1例因肾功能衰竭死亡。结论 通过术前检查．正确选择手术方式，可避免手术盲目性，避免再次手术，减少手术并发症，节约手术费用，获得良好的手术效果。     

原发性Budd-Chiari综合征的介入治疗

目的分析经皮球囊扩张治疗原发性Budd-Chiari综合征下腔静脉闭塞病变的疗效。方法采用Seldinger穿刺血管方法,行下腔静脉及右心房造影,确定下腔静脉闭塞段,用Brockenbrough穿刺针开通闭塞段,球囊导管扩张病变治疗下腔静脉闭塞病变42例。结果成功率为100％,病变区血管直径扩至12～21mm,平均(18±3．1)mm,下腔静脉压自(17±3)mmHg,降至(7．5±1．8)mmHg,疗效显著(P＜0．01),症状体征明显减轻或消失。结论临床观察表明,Brockenbrough穿刺针开通病变血管是安全的,球囊扩张对绝大部分原发性Budd-Chiari综合征下腔静脉闭塞病变的疗效满意。     

下肢髂股动脉慢性完全性闭塞病变的腔内治疗经验

目的:总结下肢髂股动脉慢性完全性闭塞病变的介入治疗经验和临床疗效,探讨并发症的防治。方法:回顾性分析143例髂股动脉完全性闭塞的血管造影和介入治疗资料,行经球囊扩张或置入支架治疗。结果:143例患者共165条肢体行介入治疗,158条肢体获成功,成功率96.5%。结论:髂股动脉慢性完全闭塞的球囊扩张和支架植入是一种安全和微创的治疗技术。     

Budd-Chiari综合征30例临床分析

1　材料与方法　　本文总结自 1995～ 2 0 0 2我院收治的 3 0例Budd Chiari综合征 (BCS)患者。本组 3 0例经血管造影证实的BCS患者 ,男 18例 ,女 12例 ,年龄 2 4～ 63岁 ,平均 3 7 4岁 ,自症状出现到确诊的时间为 1～ 2 7a ,平均 6 8a。术前常规行CT、B超、胃镜检查 ,实验室检测血清白蛋白、总胆红素、血小板。单纯膜性下腔静脉闭塞的患者 ,采用经股静脉下腔静脉开通术和球囊成形术 ,必要时植入下腔静脉支架。对下腔静脉节段性闭塞的患者 ,在开通、扩张闭塞静脉后 ,植入下腔静脉支架。压迫性下腔静脉狭窄的患者均采取球囊扩张术和内支…     

Judkins Left指引导管在起源异常的右冠状动脉经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价Judkins Left系列指引导管在起源于左冠状窦的右冠状动脉经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中应用的安全性和有效性。方法 11例患者起源于左冠状窦的右冠状动脉存在狭窄或闭塞病变,均采用右侧桡动脉穿刺,选择JL 3.5或JL 4.0指引导管行右冠状动脉PCI,根据病变情况必要时应用双导丝技术或5进6子母导管技术增加指引导管同轴性和支撑力。慢性闭塞病变常规应用微导管增加指引导丝支撑力,以便于更换导丝。观察手术成功率、并发症和近期随访结果。结果 11例患者中,3例为右冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变,8例为严重狭窄病变,同时合并左冠状动脉病变。所有患者均使用Judkins Left系列指引导管经桡动脉成功完成右冠状动脉PCI,7例应用JL 3.5指引导管,4例应用JL 4.0指引导管。2例在Judkins Left系列指引导管基础上应用5进6子母导管,其中包括1例右冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变;4例应用双导丝技术增加支撑力。3例慢性闭塞病变在微导管支持下均成功行PCI,其中1例先应用双导丝技术、后5进6子母导管增强支撑力。所有患者均成功置入药物洗脱支架,共置入支架19枚,每例右冠状动脉置入支架1~3（1.7±0.7）枚,置入支架长度为18~99（44.1±23.8）mm。术中所有患者均未出现冠状动脉穿孔、栓塞或夹层等并发症,手术成功率100%。住院期间无心脏压塞及支架血栓等并发症。术后临床随访6~12个月,无死亡及心肌梗死等不良心血管事件发生。结论对于右冠状动脉起源于左冠状窦病变,经右侧桡动脉途径,可以选择Judkins Left系列指引导管行PCI,支撑力不够时,可辅以其他增加支撑力的技术,如微导管技术、双导丝技术、子母导管技术等完成手术操作。     

布-加综合征疑难病例的介入治疗

介入治疗已成为布一加综合征首选治疗方法。回顾了布-加综合征的影像学诊断以及6种疑难类型,即肝静脉阻塞、下腔静脉长段闭塞、下腔静脉闭塞合并血栓形成、下腔静脉闭塞近心端盲端缺如或很短、广泛肝静脉闭塞和下腔静脉支架放置后阻塞肝静脉的诊治经验。介绍了此6种类型的介入治疗技术要点和注意事项。分析表明,只要充分评估病情,选择合理的治疗方案,将有助于提高疑难布一加综合征病例的介入治疗成功率,进一步提高我国布一加综合征的整体诊疗水平。     

Successful treatment with stent angioplasty for Budd-Chiari syndrome in Behçet’s disease

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a very rare vascular complication of Behçets disease (BD) which often leads to death as a result of portal hypertension and liver failure. We report a 45-year-old BD patient who presented with BCS. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT scan and contrast-enhanced MR angiography which showed ascites, short-segment stenosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), and middle and left hepatic venous thrombosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the obstructed segment in the IVC was performed and resulted in dramatic reduction of portal venous pressure. Our experience indicates that PTA may be a safe and effective therapeutic modality for BCS in BD which is caused by short segmental obstruction of the IVC.     

Living-donor liver transplantation in Budd-Chiari syndrome with inferior vena cava complete thrombosis: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) is a challenging indication for liver transplantation(LT) due to a combination of massive liver,increased bleeding,retroperitoneal fibrosis and frequently presents with stenosis of the inferior vena cava(IVC).Occasionally,it may be totally thrombosed,increasing the complexity of the procedure,as it should also be resected.The challenge is even greater when performing living-donor LT as the graft does not contain the retrohepatic IVC;thus,it may be necessary to reconstruct it.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis due to BCS and hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria underwent living-donor LT with IVC reconstruction.It was necessary to remove the IVC as its retrohepatic portion was completely thrombosed,up to almost the right atrium.A right-lobe graft was retrieved from his sister,with outflow reconstruction including the right hepatic vein and the branches of segment V and VIII to the middle hepatic vein.Owing to massive subcutaneous collaterals in the abdominal wall,venovenous bypass was implemented before incising the skin.The right atrium was reached via a transdiaphragramatic approach.Hepatectomy was performed en bloc with the retrohepatic vena cava.It was reconstructed with an infra-hepatic vena cava graft obtained from a deceased donor.The patient remains well on outpatient clinic follow-up 25 mo after the procedure,under an anticoagulation protocol with warfarin.CONCLUSION Living-donor LT in BCS with IVC thrombosis is feasible using a meticulous surgical technique and tailored strategies.     

Direct intrahepatic cavo-portal shunts in Budd-Chiari syndrome: Role of simultaneous fluoroscopy and trans-abdominal ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND: Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) can be inserted from inferior vena cava or hepatic vein to portal vein. The former is performed when hepatic veins are not suitable and is technically more challenging. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 7 patients with chronic BCS needed cavo-portal shunt as hepatic veins were neither amenable to plasty nor provided access for TIPS placement. Simultaneous fluoroscopic and trans-abdominal ultrasound guidance was used at the time of portal vein puncture. RESULTS: Technical success and clinical improvement were obtained in all patients. Median 3 (range 1-4) attempts were needed to puncture the portal vein. There were no significant complications. Uncovered stents were used in six patients and stent occlusion was common, but could be managed by re-intervention. CONCLUSION: Cavo-portal shunt is an effective technique for patients with BCS uncontrolled by medical therapy. Additional trans-abdominal ultrasound in oblique parasagittal plane keeps the procedure safe.     

Successful stenting of a complex inferior vena cava stenosis using a modified sharp recanulization technique.

We describe a case of a 30-year-old male who presented with features of noncirrhotic portal hypertension, who was diagnosed to have inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. IVC angiogram and ultrasound study revealed a long-segment (36 mm long), chronic total thrombotic occlusion that was dilated and stented with a satisfactory end result. The unique feature of this case is a modified sharp recanulization technique involving the use of Brokenborough (septal puncture) needle and Mullin dilator to create a track in such a long, chronic total occlusion under simultaneous ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance.     

Ex Vivo Liver Resection Followed by Autotransplantation to a Patient With Advanced Alveolar Echinococcosis With a Replacement of the Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava Using Autogenous Vein Grafting: A Case Report and Literature Review

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the liver is a rare disease. In advanced cases of this parasitic disease, the inferior vena cava (IVC) can be invaded; in these cases, the optimal treatment is liver transplantation and replacement of the IVC. Considering the donor shortage and the drawbacks of immunosuppressive therapy, ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation may be the first choice for these patients.We report the first case of advanced AE successfully treated by an ex vivo liver resection, followed by autotransplantation with a replacement of the retrohepatic IVC using autogenous vein grafting. This graft included the following regions: the bilateral great saphenous vein, part of the retrohepatic inferior vena and the middle hepatic vein with no invasion, the inferior mesenteric vein, and part of the side wall of the infrahepatic vena cava. This patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery; currently, she has been enjoying a normal life and is 12 months postoperative with no immunosuppressive therapy or AE recurrence.In conclusion, ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation with a replacement of the retrohepatic IVC using autogenous vein grafting might be a useful surgical practice for advanced AE.     

腔静脉内阻断技术在单纯性三尖瓣微创手术中的应用

目的总结采用带球囊插管行腔静脉内阻断技术在再次单纯性三尖瓣微创手术中的应用经验。方法对2002年至2012年在我院运用腔静脉内阻断技术在体外循环心脏不停跳下实施再次三尖瓣微创手术治疗心脏术后远期单纯性三尖瓣重度关闭不全46例进行回顾性总结和分析。胸部cT显示胸骨后及心包均存在严重粘连。术中行股动脉插管,经右胸前外侧第4肋间切口进胸,经右房上、下切口分别插入上、下腔静脉引流腔静脉,食管超声确定插管的位置,无菌生理盐水注入球囊阻断腔静脉,切开右房行三尖瓣手术。结果46例患者均顺利实施三尖瓣手术,无体外循环意外发生,其中三尖瓣置换术34例,三尖瓣成形术12例。手术时间（161~52）min,建立体外循环时间（55~15）rain,体外循环时间（58~23）min;术后胸液引流量（275~108）ml;术后平均住院时间（8~7）do全组患者均成功治愈出院。随访6-120个月,死亡2例,其中1例因肺血管破裂大咯血死亡,另1例死于心力衰竭。三尖瓣置换者无瓣周漏出现;三尖瓣成形者中,1例于术后5年出现感染性心内膜炎合并三尖瓣重度关闭,1例随访为中度关闭不全。结论采用带球囊插管腔内阻断技术阻断上、下腔静脉,可安全、有效、可靠地应用于再次单纯性三尖瓣微创手术,使手术的复杂程度明显简化。     

A caval homograft for Budd-Chiari syndrome due to inferior vena cava obstruction

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the standard treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) non responsive to medical therapy. However, patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction proximal to the atrium do not benefit from TIPS and a surgical approach is mandatory. We report the case of BCS due to intrapericardial IVC obstruction. We describe a novel surgical approach using a fresh caval homograft. An attempt to balloon dilatation of the IVC obstruction was complicated by right atrial disruption with tamponade and ventricular fibrillation. Lately, the patient successfully underwent a reconstruction of the cavo-atrial continuity by the interposition of a fresh caval homograft, a novel surgical approach never described before for BCS. Further follow-up revealed progressive reduction and resolution of ascites, and overall clinical improvement. IVC obstruction near to the atrium can be surgically approached with a new technique consisting in inferior vena cava resection and replacement with a caval homograft.     

Retrohepatic vena cava replacement of hepatic malignancies without using total hepatic vascular exclusion or extracorporeal bypass.

Total hepatic vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass are frequently used surgical procedures when concomitant resection of the inferior vena cava is required during surgery of liver cancer involving the retrohepatic inferior vena cava close to the hepatic veins. However, the duration of total hepatic vascular exclusion is limited due to the risk of hepatic ischemia. Three patients presented with severely compressed inferior vena cava and/or hepatic veins due to liver cancer. The surgical procedure involved initial taping of the inferior vena cava just below the hepatic veins by extrahepatic division and taping of the hepatic veins. After taping the inferior vena cava, hepatectomy with caval resection was performed by simply clamping the retrohepatic inferior vena cava, without the need for total hepatic vascular exclusion or venovenous bypass. In all patients the retrohepatic inferior vena cava were safely replaced with a prosthetic graft under stable hemodynamics. Duration of the inferior vena cava clamping was 31, 66, 75 minutes, respectively. No graft-related complications occurred, but 2 of the 3 patients showed temporal renal dysfunction associated with renal congestion postoperatively. The surgical procedure described herein is effective for the treatment of retrohepatic inferior vena cava in some patients. However, when the case is complicated by chronic nephropathy or simultaneous nephrectomy is required, venovenous bypass should be performed.