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Growing yellow cattle (Bos taurus, n 30, 1.0-3.5 years old and 75-240 kg) from their native altitude (2000-2800 m) were used to evaluate the effects of altitude, ambient temperature (Ta) and solar radiation on the basal energy metabolism in this large mammal. Fasting heat production (FHP) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270 m on the Tibetan plateau both in the summer and winter respectively, after a 90 d adaptation period at each experimental site. The gas exchanges of the whole animal were determined continuously for 3 (2260 and 3250 m) or 2 (4270 m) d after a 96 (2260 and 3250 m) or 48 (4270 m) h starvation period, using closed-circuit respiratory masks. Increasing altitude from 2260 to 3250 m at similar Ta in the summer significantly elevated FHP for all animals (P<0.01), and from 3250 to 4270 m for young cattle (P<0.05); increasing altitude from 2260 to 3250 m in the winter also significantly elevated FHP (P<0.05), but the increase was mainly due to the decrease of Ta and the increase in wind speed. No results were obtained at 4270 m in the winter, due to the problems of the animals, adapting to the altitude. The magnitude of FHP elevation caused by increasing altitude was greater with summer sunshine or winter wind than without them. Increase of Ta from 10.0 to 22.0 degrees C, in the presence of solar radiation, slightly (2260 m) or significantly (3250 and 4270 m, P<0.01) elevated FHP, but slightly reduced it in the absence of solar radiation; decrease of Ta from 0.0 to -30.0 degrees C linearly increased FHP. At 3250 and 4270 m, FHP at the same Ta was higher with summer sunshine or winter wind (3250 m) than without them, but this did not occur at 2260 m. In conclusion, high altitude elevates FHP in yellow cattle in the warm season, and the summer solar radiation and winter wind at high altitude significantly increase metabolic rate. It may be also concluded that the effects of solar radiation on metabolic rate depend on the altitude and the environmental temperature. 相似文献
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肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)是由汉坦病毒引起的经鼠传播的自然疫源性传染病。中国是受HFRS危害最严重的国家,占世界报道病例总数的90%以上,辽宁省2004年发病数出现猛增趋势,连续2年居全国之首。沈阳市作为辽宁省的中心城市,自1958年出现首例HFRS病例以来,近年来发病一直居全省的前列,目前全市的13个区(县)均有发病。为了更好的了解HFRS宿主变化规律,制定有效的防控措施, 相似文献
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沈阳市2006和2007年突发公共卫生事件监测结果分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为准确掌握突发公共卫生事件的流行病学分布特征,提高其预测、预警能力,为制订相应的应对策略提供准确依据。本文对本市2006年发生的15起突发公共卫生事件进行了监测分析,现将结果报告如下。 相似文献
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目的了解沈阳市2006-2012年艾滋病流行病学特征,为制定HIV/AIDS预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法对2006-2012年艾滋病疫情报告和流行病学调查资料进行统计分析。结果沈阳市2006-2012年累计报告HIV/AIDS 1 871例,男女比例为11.1:1,高发年龄为20~49岁青壮年,占79.9%,未婚占53.5%,大专及以上文化程度占38.6%;感染途径以性传播为主,占91.9%,男男同性传播占70.5%。结论沈阳市的艾滋病疫情呈上升趋势,应加大监测力度,加强对男男同性恋等高危人群行为干预措施的力度,以控制沈阳市艾滋病传播与流行。 相似文献
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目的掌握沈阳市水痘发病强度和流行趋势,为制定防控对策及评价实施效果提供依据。方法采取描述流行病学方法对沈阳市疾病监测信息管理报告系统的2006—2013年水痘病例进行分析。结果沈阳市2006—2013年共报告水痘发病47 016例,年均报告发病率为76.82/10万,各年度水痘报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);男性年均报告发病率为84.26/10万,女性年均报告发病率为69.21/10万,男女报告发病数之比为1.25∶1,男性和女性水痘年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);4-14岁年龄组水痘报告发病数占54.45%;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童报告水痘发病数分别占水痘报告发病57.67%、15.88%、9.14%;4—6月报告发病数占全年的32.99%,1月及11、12月报告发病数占全年的37.09%。结论学生和学龄前儿童是水痘高发人群,学校和托幼机构是水痘高发场所,冬季和春末夏初是水痘高发季节。应加强学校和托幼机构传染病防控工作,加强卫生宣教工作,提高人群防控意识和防控水平;加强疫情监测,掌握水痘流行趋势并及时预警;做好水痘暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。 相似文献