中华大蟾蜍与华西大蟾蜍耳后腺分泌物的显微和薄层层析鉴定

蟾酥是传统的动物类中药,其基源动物是中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor)和黑眶蟾蜍(B.melanostictus Schneider),但由于华西大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo andrewsi Sch—midt)与中华大蟾蜍在成体上极难区别,致使采制蟾酥者误将华西大蟾蜍作为蟾酥的原动物,造成蟾酥的品种混乱。为了更好地利用蟾蜍的药用资源,澄清蟾酥品种混乱现象,我们     

壮药蟾蜍皮质量控制方法的研究

目的:制订壮药蟾蜍皮质量标准.方法:采用经验和理化的方法,对该药材的性状、薄层鉴别和华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基含量等项目进行分析检测,制订相应的质量控制标准.结果:已制订出该药材性状、薄层鉴别和华蟾酥毒基和脂蟾毒配基含量测定方法,并制订了壮药蟾蜍皮质量标准.结论:建立的壮药蟾蜍皮质量标准可有效控制该药材质量.     

中华大蟾蜍的研究进展

蟾酥为我国传统名贵中药,是蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍的干燥分泌物。现代药理学研究表明其具有强心、抗肿瘤、局麻、镇痛、抗炎等多种作用。自蟾酥投入临床应用以来,在抗肿瘤方面已取得了很好的疗效。蟾酥所含化学成分主要有蟾蜍内酯类、蟾毒色胺类以及甾醇类等。综述近年来国内外学者对中华大蟾蜍的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用的研究概况。     

蟾酥的真伪鉴别法

蟾酥为脊索动物门两栖纲蟾酥科动物中华大蟾蜍 Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor或黑眶蟾蜍 Bufomelanostictus Schneider的干燥分泌物。多于夏秋二季捕捉蟾蜍 ,洗净 ,挤取耳后腺及皮肤腺的白色浆液 ,加工 ,干燥。性甘、辛、温 ;有毒 ,归胃 ,心经 ,解毒消肿 ,止痛开窍。含多种强心甾体化合物等。[1]始载于《药性本草》上 ,名为蟾蜍眉脂。蟾酥之名见于《本草衍义》。寇宗　谓 :“眉间白汁 ,谓之蟾酥。以油单纸裹眉裂之 ,酥出纸上 ,阴干用”。蟾酥又名蟾蜍眉脂 ,蟾蜍眉酥 ,蛤蟆浆 ,蛤蟆酥 ,癞蛤蟆浆。因加工形状不同分团蟾酥和片蟾酥两种 [2 ] …     

蟾蜍的药用价值研究进展

<正>蟾蜍属两栖纲蟾蜍科动物,在我国广泛分布。蟾蜍经加工可制成蟾皮、蟾酥、干蟾、蟾蜍头、蟾蜍胆、蟾蜍肝等名贵中药材,其中广泛应用于临床的主要有蟾酥、蟾衣、蟾皮,"六神丸"、"蟾酥丸"、"麝香保心丸"等药物均含有蟾蜍成分,临床应用效果较好。现将其药用价值研究进展综述如下。1化学成分蟾蜍体内化学成分组成复杂,主要分为蟾毒配基类、蟾蜍毒素类、蟾毒色胺类及其他化合物。1.1蟾毒配基类蟾毒配基属乙型强心甾族类化合物,这     

蟾酥药材和饮片(蟾酥粉)的质量标准研究

蟾酥为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans或黑眶蟾蜍B.melanosticus耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌物的干燥加工品。蟾酥粉为蟾酥的酒制加工品。该研究针对现行蟾酥标准局限性和存在问题,结合前期研究,构建改进的蟾酥药材整体质量控制方法和标准,包含采用优化的薄层鉴别方法进行定性鉴别;采用【含量测定】项下的色谱条件建立HPLC特征图谱;完善一测多评法的相对校正因子,并将其用于38批蟾酥药材中蟾蜍甾的含量测定,制定合理含量限度。在此基础上,参照药材拟修订方法,对不同批蟾酥粉进行【性状】、【鉴别】(薄层鉴别)、【特征图谱】、【检查】(水分)和【含量测定】等检测项研究,起草蟾酥粉的质量标准。该研究为完善《中国药典》2020年版蟾酥的质量标准提供参考。     

蟾蜍类药材化学成分研究进展

蟾蜍类药材主要包括蟾酥、干蟾、蟾皮和蟾衣,分别是蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍的耳后腺或皮肤腺分泌物、干燥全体、表皮及自然褪下的角质衣膜。查阅国内外研究进展,对蟾蜍类药材中化学成分进行分析总结,主要包括蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯、吲哚生物碱、蟾蜍环酰胺等。     

浅谈蟾酥的采集加工方法

蟾酥 ,古称蟾蜍眉脂 ,始见于唐《药性本草》,又名蟾蜍眉脂、蛤蟆酥 (浆 )、癞蛤蟆浆 ,江浙一带俗称赖团浆。至《本草衍义》始有蟾酥之称。蟾酥为两栖纲蟾蜍科动物中华蟾蜍 Bufobufogargarizans Cantor 黑眶蟾蜍 Bafo mclanostrctusSchneider的耳后腺及皮肤腺所分泌的白色浆液 ,经收集加工而成的干燥品。其采集加工方法 ,历代文献中早有记载 ,宋代《太平圣惠方》中将蟾酥“如柳叶大 ,铁上烤焦 ,研。”“干者酒化”等加工方法 ,始见寇宗　的采集方法是“以油单纸裹眉裂之 ,酥出纸上 ,阴干用。”明代 ,陈嘉谟《本草蒙荃》中记载了采集加工时…     

古药新用话蟾酥

蟾酥为常用中药，其记机连见了《约性论》，名蟾蜍眉脂，《日华子本草》名蟾蜍眉酥，至《本草衍义》力名蟾酥。后世则有蛤蟆酥、蛤蟆浆、痢蛤蟆浆等俗称。寇宗谓：“眉问白汁,谓之蟾酥，以油单纸裹眉裂上，酥出纸上，阴干用。”本品为蟾蜍科动物中华大赡殊（BuflbnfognfgarizansCantor）、黑眶蟾蜍（Bufomelanostictusschneider）或同属它种蟾蜍的耳后腺及皮肤腺所分泌的内色浆液，经收集干燥而成。1蟾蜍的古医籍记载蟾酥性味甘辛，温，有毒，古代多作解毒消肿、止痛药用，《本草纲目》：“治发背疗疮，一切恶肿。”《医学入门》：“主涌…     

物种基原、体质量和性别对蟾酥药材质量影响的评价北大核心CSCD

该研究基于广泛且规范的蟾酥药材取样工作,首次深入分析物种基原及中华大蟾蜍体质量、性别对蟾酥药材质量的影响。研究采用质谱定性分析结合《中国药典》2020年版含量测定的方法,首先对来自于17省40个市(县)的76个中华大蟾蜍和黑眶蟾蜍基原的蟾酥药材样品进行质谱分析;采用含量测定的方法对影响蟾酥药材质量的中华大蟾蜍体质量和性别因素分别进行了评价。多元统计分析表明中华大蟾蜍和黑眶蟾蜍所产蟾酥药材物质基础差异较大,进而鉴定了9个主要的差异成分。对不同基原的蟾酥药材含量测定分析表明,中华大蟾蜍所产蟾酥药材中药典成分含量显著高于黑眶蟾蜍所产蟾酥含量;在体质量因素上,中华大蟾蜍随着体质量的增加,所产蟾酥药典成分含量逐步下降;在性别因素上,雄性中华大蟾蜍所产蟾酥药典成分含量普遍高于雌性中华大蟾蜍所产蟾酥药典成分含量。体质量和性别因素对蟾酥质量的影响在不同时间、不同地域上都具有上述特点。该研究结果为蟾酥药材的标准制定、采收加工、人工繁育及生物合成机制研究提供新的思路和依据。     

Comparison of toad venoms from different Bufo species by HPLC and LC-DAD-MS/MS

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Toad venom, called Chansu in China, has been widely used for the treatment of heart failure, sores, pains, and various cancers for a long time in clinic.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to investigate the chemical differences among a variety of toad venoms from different geographic locations and related Bufo species.

Materials and methods

Ten batches of commercial toad venom collected from different regions in China, one batch of fresh toad venom obtained from Bufo bufo gargarizans, and six batches of related Bufo species were analyzed by HPLC and LC-DAD-MS/MS. Individual components were identified by comparison of retention times, UV spectra, and mass spectra with authentic compounds, standard addition, as well as summarized MS fragmentation rules. Based on the profile of identified constituents and the content of cinobufagin and resibufogenin, the chemical differences observed among different samples are discussed.

Results

Overall, 43 compounds were identified in the methanolic extracts of the different samples of toad venom. Besides of suberoyl arginine, several free bufadienolides, bufadienolide sulfates, and suberoyl esters of bufadienolides were found. The total amounts of cinobufagin and resibufogenin, which are the only two control markers according to the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia, varied widely from 0.7% to 10.9% in the commercial Chansu samples collected in the different locations in China. Low levels of resibufogenin, but no cinobufagin was observed in the samples from Bufo melanosticus and Bufo marinus, and even neither of both compounds was found in the sample from Bufo viridis.

Conclusions

The chemical profiles of the different commercial and collected toad venoms from related Bufo species differed significantly, not only in the absolute and relative contents, but also in the number and type of the constituents. The main reason for this variation are species-specific differences, but additional factors, such as the harvest and post-harvest processing, and adaption to environmental factors in different geographic locations, also seem to contribute.     

��ֶԴ����㲿�Ĵ̼����о�

??OBJECTIVE The stimulating effects of toad venom (Chansu) on rats were investigated in this study.METHODS After treatment with toad venom (sc,10 and 50 mg??mL^-1),foot swelling and foot-ground reaction force were observed to reflect the inflammation and pain,respectively.The levels of inflammatory mediators (PGE₂,PGF_2??,PGE₁ and 8,9-DiHETrE) were further determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).RESULTS No raising foot was observed in the normal rats group,but this foot-ground reaction force was significant in the toad venom 10 and 50 mg??mL^-1 groups.The number of raising foot after toad venom treatments were (14??5) and (99??8) times in 10 min (P<0.01).Compared with ones of normal rats,the swelling degree of rats in toad venom groups significantly increased from (0.071??0.009) mL to (0.702??0.093) and (1.027??0.11) mL(P<0.01) after 30 min.Moreover,toad venom markedly increased the relative content of pro-inflammatory PGE₂ and PGF_2??,and reduced the relative content of anti-inflammatory PGE₁ and 8,9-DiHETrE in the rat hind-paw.CONCLUSION Toad venom can dose-dependently produce stimulating effects in the rat paw.     

六神丸诱导白血病细胞株HL-60细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的从诱导细胞凋亡角度探讨六神丸治疗白血病的机理.方法选择HL-60细胞为实验对象,以六神丸及其主要成分之一的蟾酥进行该实验.以台盼蓝染色作为细胞的活力指标,采用显微镜和流氏细胞仪检测方法来观察细胞凋亡.结果显示六神丸、蟾酥在较高的浓度时表现为细胞毒作用,在较低浓度时则有诱导细胞凋亡作用.其效果与药物浓度及作用时间密切相关.结论这可能是六神丸治疗白血病的机制之一.     

基于归纳矩阵填充预测中药潜在活性成分

目的 为解决中药有效成分信息缺失、药效物质基础不清楚导致其现代作用机制不明的问题,借助中药药性信息和成分的化学结构信息,利用归纳矩阵填充方法预测中药潜在活性成分。方法 首先,基于中药药性和化学成分信息构建中药-成分关联矩阵;其次,利用中药-成分关联矩阵中潜在的结构信息、中药药性信息和成分的化学结构信息,构建中药相似度矩阵和成分相似度矩阵;最后,基于中药相似度矩阵和成分相似度矩阵填充中药-成分关联矩阵。结果 归纳矩阵填充在中药数据集中使用留一法交叉验证得到的曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）值为0.768 8。对丹参进行分析,丹参的活性化学成分隐丹参酮、丹参酮II_A、丹参酚醌和丹参醇等分别获得了较高的评分,该预测结果与实际相一致。结论 借助归纳矩阵填充结合中药药性信息和成分的化学结构信息,可有效预测中药的潜在活性成分,为研究中药的现代作用机制提供了新的途径。     

蟾蜍二烯酸内酯类成分的生物转化和生物合成研究进展

蟾蜍二烯酸内酯类化合物是名贵中药蟾酥的主要活性成分,具有显著的抗肿瘤、强心、镇痛和抗炎等药理活性。目前,蟾蜍二烯酸内酯成分的主要来源方法是从蟾蜍类药材中直接提取,但此方法成本高、收益低,且药用资源十分短缺,相关新药开发与应用研究严重受阻。近年来,中药活性成分的生物合成在中药资源保护方面发挥起越来越重要的作用。基于合成生物学原理,设计和改造微生物菌株发酵生产天然产物的方法已被广泛使用。该方法的应用需要建立在目标产物生物合成途径完全解析的基础之上。基于此,总结近年来蟾蜍二烯酸内酯的生物转化以及生物合成途径解析方面的研究进展,并进一步推测蟾蜍二烯酸内酯类的生物合成途径,并进一步展望与其相关的生物合成发展方向。     

The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis

The article aims to review various Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) with both osteogenic and angiogenic effects, alone and in combination, and to consider whether these TCMs promote osteogenesis via angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Each of the TCMs involving in osteogenesis was searched through PubMed and CBMdisc using its Latin name and English name, and keywords such as ‘osteogenesis’, ‘bone’, ‘osteoblast’, ‘angiogenesis’, ‘VEGF’ were used. A total of 241 articles were screened from PubMed and CBMdisc. The articles were only chosen if they discussed the relationship of the TCMs with bone formation and/or angiogenesis. Twenty‐seven articles were chosen, of which 16 were in English and 11 were in Chinese with English abstract. As a result, the TCMs (Danshen or Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Danggui or Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge or Huangqi, and Ge Gan or Puerarin radix) that have a relationship with both osteogenesis and angiogenesis were screened out. It is found that the aforementioned TCMs enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. They show a positive effect on bone formation, and the possible mechanisms may be related to their ability to promote angiogenesis via an effect on substances such as VEGF. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于数据挖掘探讨中药热熨治疗膝骨关节炎用药规律及其毒性中药的应用

目的 探究临床中药热熨治疗膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的用药规律及其毒性中药应用情况,为临床应用和组建新热熨方提供参考.方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库和PubMed数据库,按照纳入与排除标准,筛选中药热熨治疗KOA的处方,运用Microsoft Excel2019...     

液质联用技术评估汞接触污染蟾蜍泌酥中蟾蜍甾烯水平

目的:运用液质联用技术研究重金属汞皮肤接触中华大蟾蜍后生理状态及泌酥中蟾蜍甾烯水平变化,为中药蟾酥品质评价提供参考。方法:配制不同质量浓度的氯化汞溶液(0.5,0.75,1.0 g·L~(-1))对蟾蜍进行半静水式处理,观察其生理状态,且在30 d后收集蟾蜍耳后腺分泌液,进一步采用液相-质谱联用技术测定蟾蜍泌酥中游离型蟾蜍甾烯的水平,结合Hem I热图软件进行数据分析。结果:氯化汞接触明显影响蟾蜍泌酥中蟾蜍甾烯水平,和正常组比较,低质量浓度(0.5 g·L~(-1))汞污染组有20种蟾蜍甾烯水平明显上调,其中有12个物质发生1.5倍变化。而中质量浓度(0.75 g·L~(-1)),高质量浓度(1.0 g·L~(-1))污染组分别有15,13种物质发生下调,且大部分为中低脂溶性蟾蜍甾烯(异沙蟾毒精、去乙酰华蟾毒精等)。结论:重金属汞污染对蟾蜍甾烯水平有潜在影响,且随着浓度的升高呈现明显降低趋势。     

164种中药乙醇提取物抗真菌作用研究

目的：体外观察164种中药95％乙醇提取物对白色含珠菌、啤酒酵母和威克海姆原藻3种真菌的作用，并对其中抑菌效果明显的中药中的主要成分进行抗真菌药敏试验。方法：半固体药基混合法，微量稀释法。结果：22种中药乙醇提取物对1种或几种真菌显示较强的抑制作用，所试验的单体化合物对3种真菌无显著抑制作用。结论：首次对中药95％乙醇提取物应用半固体药基混合法进行抗真菌活性筛选，土槿皮、牡丹皮95％乙醇粗提物对3种真菌均有较强的抑制作用。