子宫输卵管造影术诊断先天性子宫畸形的优势与限度

目的探讨HSG对先天性子宫畸形的诊断价值与限度。方法回顾分析68例经MRI、腹腔镜、宫腔镜检查或开腹手术证实的病例，分析其HSG表现和误诊情况。结果HSG诊断子宫畸形的符合率较高，误诊率为17．6％，其中单角子宫、双角子宫和纵隔子宫的误诊率较高。结论HSG可直观的判断子宫畸形的类型，诊断价值高，应作为首选诊断方法。但对于部分类型子宫畸形较难鉴别；检查时须细致、慎重，必要时须结合其他检查避免误诊。     

宫腔镜在宫腔病变所致复发性流产中的诊断价值

目的评价宫腔镜在宫腔病变所致复发性流产中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2011年6月-2013年6月我院201例复发性流产宫腔镜检查的临床资料。结果宫腔镜检查宫腔正常95例（47．3％）;宫腔异常106例（52．7％）：宫腔粘连55例,子宫畸形22例（其中子宫中隔16例）,子宫内膜息肉17例,黏膜下子宫肌瘤和子宫内膜炎各4例,其它4例。宫腔粘连55例中,15例复发性流产2次（其中轻度12例,中度3例）,40例复发性流产≥3次（其中轻度19例,中度15例,重度6例）,复发性流产≥3次的患者官腔粘连程度重于复发性流产≥2次的患者（Z=-2．272,P=0．023）。结论宫腔镜检查有助于发现复发性流产者的宫腔病变,应作为常规检查。     

宫腔镜联合B超诊断24例子宫畸形

目的探讨子宫畸形,尤其少女子宫畸形的宫腔镜诊断可行性. 方法选择24例子宫畸形采用宫腔镜联合B超检查确定子宫畸形的类型. 结果确诊双角子宫8例,单宫颈纵隔子宫10例,双宫颈单宫体纵隔子宫2例,青春期残角子宫4例. 结论宫腔镜联合B超诊断子宫畸形明确,且适用于少女.     

子宫中隔合并不育患者宫腔镜电切术后生育状况分析

目的 探讨子宫中隔合并不育患者宫腔镜矫形术后的生育状况.方法 2010年2月～2011年12月对58例因子宫中隔合并不孕或自然流产行宫腔镜下子宫中隔电切术.用针状电极完全划开中隔,直至中隔基底部位.如果宫颈管有中隔,则予保留.结果 58例手术均一次成功,未发生术中、后并发症.58例随访15 ～ 37个月,（22.4±3.9）月.完全子宫中隔妊娠率由术前29.4％（5/17）升至术后64.7％ （11/17）（Z=-2.031,P=0.042）,不完全子宫中隔妊娠率由术前34.1％（14/41）升至术后73.2％ （30/41）（Z=-3.522,P=0.000）;完全子宫中隔自然流产率由术前100.0％（5/5）降至术后9.1％ （1/11）（Z=-3.371,P=0.002）,不完全子宫中隔患者自然流产率由术前100％（14/14）降至术后3.3％ （1/30）（Z=-6.229,P=0.000）;完全子宫中隔患者的足月活产率由术前0％ （0/5）升至术后62.5％（5/8）（Z=-2.165,P=0.030）,不完全子宫中隔患者的足月活产率由术前14.3％（2/14）升至术后95.8％（23/24）（Z=-5.044,P=0.000）.结论 宫腔镜下子宫中隔矫形术有助于提高子宫中膈合并不孕或流产的不育患者妊娠率,降低自然流产率,增加足月活产率,改善患者生殖预后.宫腔镜下子宫中膈电切矫形术是一种有效、安全、简单的手术方式.     

Effect of dantrolene sodium on contractility of isolated human uterine muscle

The administration of intravenous dantrolene in a parturient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia has been associated with post partum uterine atony. We examined the effect of dantrolene sodium for injection (Dantrium Intravenous) on spontaneous contractility of uterine smooth muscle from women in term pregnancy in an isolated preparation. Dantrolene sodium for injection at 5 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml had no effect on the spontaneous contractility of the uterine muscle preparations. At a cumulative concentration of 20 microg/ml, a mild depression (16 +/- 14%) in the frequency of spontaneous contractions was noted. However, a similar depression in the muscle preparations treated with mannitol suggests that the depression observed with the dantrolene was likely due to the mannitol that was included in the dantrolene formulation rather than to dantrolene sodium itself. We conclude that dantrolene sodium has no effect on the spontaneous contractility of uterine smooth muscle. The depression of uterine muscle activity observed with dantrolene for injection appears attributable to the mannitol.     

Conservation of the prolapsed uterus is a valid option: medium term results of a prospective comparative study with the posterior intravaginal slingoplasty operation

It has been reported that, by the age of 80, the risk of women to undergo surgery for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) exceeds 10%, a percentage expected to increase with the rise in life expectancy. The vaginal approach for POP reconstructive operations is associated with fewer complications and results in a shorter rehabilitation period than the abdominal route, whereas hysterectomy is widely performed concomitantly whenever the uterus is significantly prolapsed. However, there is no clear evidence supporting the role of hysterectomy in improving surgery outcome. We present our experience with a new minimally invasive procedure—the posterior intravaginal slingplasty (PIVS) for correction of advanced uterine prolapse—at the same time, comparing additive vaginal hysterectomy to uterine preservation, to evaluate the therapeutic significance of hysterectomy when vaginal apical prolapse is reconstructed with PIVS. Seventy-nine women presenting with moderate to severe uterine prolapse were enrolled into the current PIVS study. Vaginal hysterectomy was concomitantly performed upon patient’s request (44 patients), whereas those wishing to preserve their uterus underwent reconstructive surgery only (35 patients). No intraoperative or postoperative major complications were recorded during an average follow-up of 29.8 months: One patient (1.3%) presented with surgical failure, whereas 71 (89.9%) of the operated patients reported satisfaction with the therapeutic results. Bladder overactivity symptoms declined from three thirds of the patients preoperatively to below 10% postoperatively. Ten (12.7%) patients had vaginal tape protrusion; all underwent segmental tape resection at the out-patient clinic. Because the PIVS procedure does not require either laparotomy or deep transvaginal dissection, as previously required for operative intervention, the hospitalization period was relatively short: 4.2 days for the hysterectomy group and 1.5 for the non-hysterectomy group. Other statistically significant differences between the hysterectomy and non-hysterectomy groups were the average ages (63.5 vs 51.0 years, respectively) and concomitant surgery (87% vs 69%, respectively, the higher percentage due to additive amputation of elongated uterine cervices). No other significant differences were recorded. The current results support the previously reported efficacy, safety, and simplicity of the PIVS procedure as well as the legitimacy of uterine preservation. Moreover, unstable bladder symptoms were found to be improved after this operation. However, long-term data are required to be able to draw solid conclusions concerning the superiority of the discussed operation.     

Spontaneous resolution of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Indications for surgery and the surgical technique of foramen magnum decompression for patients with Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia are controversial issues. This case report supports the view that observation may be adequate for patients without progressive symptoms or with mild clinical symptoms. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of burning dysesthesias and hypesthesia in her right arm. A neurological examination revealed hypesthesia in the right trigeminal distribution. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia between C2 and T2. No hydrocephalus was observed. CLINICAL COURSE: Because the patient's symptoms regressed spontaneously, surgery was not performed. Thirty-two months after her initial examination, the patient was asymptomatic. A second magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained, which demonstrated complete spontaneous resolution of the Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. CONCLUSION: We attribute the regression of the patient's symptoms to spontaneous recanalization of cerebrospinal fluid pathways at the foramen magnum, which most likely was due to rupture of the arachnoid membranes that had obstructed cerebrospinal fluid flow.     

Identification of the uterine factor(s) which induce the acrosome reaction in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa

This study characterizes factors present in uterine fluid from oestrous buffaloes which induce the acrosome reaction in buffalo spermatozoa. Characterization was performed by dialysis, heat treatment (90 degrees C, 30 min) and deproteinization of uterine fluid. The % motility and viability of sperm was maintained better in unfractionated uterine fluid than in dialysed fluid. Heating and deproteinization of the dialysed uterine fluid significantly reduced the % motility and viability of sperm. The percentage of sperm showing different stages of the acrosome reaction (swelling, and vesiculation) was significantly higher for sperm incubated in dialysed than in neat uterine fluid. There was no significant difference in the % of sperm showing acrosome shedding in both dialysed and neat uterine fluid. Heat treatment destroyed the ability of uterine fluid to induce the acrosome reaction. Sperm incubated in the protein precipitate from uterine fluid showed all stages of the acrosome reaction. Thus, the uterine factor(s) responsible for inducing the acrosome reaction in buffalo sperm was associated with the non-dialysable, albumin-like protein fraction and was heat-labile.     

Spontaneous regression of an intrarenal arteriovenous malformation

We report a case of spontaneous regression of a right intrarenal arteriovenous malformation 6 months after initial examination without surgical intervention, arterial embolization or radiotherapy. The patient presented with massive hematuria from the right kidney, which disappeared completely after spontaneous regression.     

Significance of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility

Hysteroscopy is an excellent additional instrument for evaluating the uterine characteristics in infertile women. Retrospective study analyses the importance of hysteroscopy in diagnostic and treatment of infertility. Patients were selected from 1st Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ia?i during 1997 and 2004. Study group included 602 hysteroscopy performed in our clinic with 480 cases of infertility. 28.9% were primary infertility and 49.1% were secondary infertility, rest of percentage been intrauterine synechia, septum, polyps and foreign bodies. Polyp ablation located near the tubal ostia (50 cases), synechia repair (90 cases), were the most common operative procedures. Good results in removal of foreign bodies (16 cases) were obtained pregnancy rate more than 75%. Operative hysteroscopy is similar to diagnostic hysteroscopy except that a ideal hysteroscope is used to allow operating instruments such as scissors, biopsy forceps, electrosurgical or laser instruments, and graspers to be placed into the uterine cavity through a channel in the operative hysteroscope. Fibroids, synechia, and polyps can be removed from inside the uterus. Congenital abnormalities, such as uterine septum, may also be corrected through the hysteroscope.     

自然流产后宫腔镜检查时机的探讨

目的探讨自然流产患者宫腔镜检查的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析我院2009年1月～2010年6月收治的462例有1次及以上自然流产史行宫腔镜检查的临床资料,对其宫腔镜检查的结果进行分析,对比1次、2次3、次及以上自然流产后宫腔镜检查的异常发生率,对其妊娠结局进行分析。结果 462例中宫腔镜检查异常者占52.6%(243/462),其中子宫先天发育异常14.3%(66/462),以子宫不全中隔最常见8.7%(40/462);获得性子宫异常占38.3%(177/462),以宫腔粘连最常见17.1%(79/462)。发生1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产患者分别占26.0%(120/462)、41.1%(190/462)和32.9%(152/462)。各组宫腔镜检查结果为正常、先天发育异常和获得性异常者分别占50.0%(60/120)、15.8%(19/120)和34.2%(41/120)4,8.4%(92/190)、14.2%(27/190)和37.4%(71/190),以及44.1%(67/152)、13.2%(20/152)和42.8%(65/152),3组宫腔镜检查结果构成比无统计学差异(χ2=2.272,P=0.686)。在获得性子宫异常中,宫腔粘连在发生1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产患者发生率为34.1%(14/41)、42.3%(30/71)和53.8%(35/65),随流产次数增加而升高。术后随访率95.5%(441/462)。1次、2次、3次及以上自然流产后进行宫腔镜检查治疗后再次流产率分别为0.8%(1/118)、2.7%(5/186)和9.5%(13/137),差异有显著性(χ2=13.531,P=0.001)。1次自然流产后进行宫腔镜检查治疗后再次妊娠超过28周占43.2%(51/118)。结论宫腔镜检查是自然流产患者早期诊治的简单、准确及必要的手段,建议自然流产患者在1次流产后尽早进行宫腔镜检查,及早干预。     

The effects of opioids on isolated human pregnant uterine muscles

We determined the effects of fentanyl, sufentanil, morphine, and meperidine on the spontaneous contractility of isolated human pregnant uterine muscle strips. Uterine specimens were obtained from normal full-term parturients undergoing elective lower-segment cesarean delivery. Longitudinal muscle strips were prepared and mounted vertically in tissue chambers to record their isometric tension. Opioid concentration-response curves were constructed after rhythmic contractions were established. The responses were also examined in the presence of opioid receptor blocker, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, beta-adrenoceptor blocker, or cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Fentanyl and meperidine inhibited uterine contractility in a concentration-dependent manner, their concentration that inhibited 50% being 2.3 x 10(-6) and 1.0 x 10(-3)M, respectively. Sufentanil and morphine had no significant effects on uterine contractility. Pretreatment with either naloxone, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, atenolol, or indomethacin did not affect the uterine responses to opioids. These results demonstrate that fentanyl and meperidine may have direct inhibitory effects on the contractility of the human uterus, though at supraclinical concentrations. IMPLICATIONS: Opioids do not have a significant effect on spontaneous contractions of gravid human uterine muscle at their clinically relevant concentrations.     

复发性胎盘早剥的临床分析

目的 素与前次时相同,与妊娠高血压疾病（PIH）有关;1例前次胎盘早剥不伴有妊娠期高血压疾病、子宫畸形-双角子宫的复发时却出现子痫前期且为3次胎盘早剥.（3）复发性胎盘早剥胎盘剥离程度加重,弥散性血管内凝血障碍（DIC）发生率增加,而产后出血﹑子宫胎盘卒中﹑急性肾衰﹑急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的发生率没有增加.结论 复发性胎盘早剥的可能发病因素主要是妊娠期高血压疾病、子宫畸形,发生时间提前,胎盘剥离程度加重,母儿结局不佳.     

Spontaneous rupture of uterus

Spontaneous rupture of the uterus is a life-threatening obstetrical emergency. Diagnosis may be delayed because of the bizarre presentation or absence of significant pain and tenderness, which could have been masked by the analgesic medications used during labor. We present a case of spontaneous rupture in a multigravid female who was undergoing oxytocin-augmented labor while receiving epidural analgesia. She had had no previous cesarean deliveries or uterine surgery. Half an hour after an initial complaint of left inguinal pain, which was thought to be related to a patchy epidural block, she presented with changes in vital signs and significant fetal decelerations. At emergent cesarean section, a uterine rupture was noted. The uterine rupture extended down to the left vaginal angle, was not reparable and a hysterectomy was performed. The fetus survived.     

Early-onset complete spontaneous migration of contraceptive intrauterine device to the bladder in a post C-section patient: A case report

Introduction and importanceSpontaneous migration of a contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) to the bladder is very rare. It usually takes years for the IUD to migrate completely from the uterine cavity to the bladder. We report a case of early-onset complete spontaneous migration of contraceptive IUD to the bladder in a post C-section patient.Case presentationA 30-year-old woman presented with suprapubic pain and dysuria three weeks prior to hospitalization. She had C-section three months prior and underwent copper IUD insertion two months after the surgery. One week after IUD insertion, radiography showed that the IUD remained in the uterus, but the patient felt suprapubic pain and dysuria. Computed tomography (CT) three weeks after IUD insertions showed IUD migration to the bladder with its tips embedded in the uterine wall. Cystoscopy was performed one week later and the IUD was completely inside the bladder. By then, the IUD was removed completely via forceps with no complication.Clinical discussionThe exact pathophysiology of spontaneous IUD migration is unknown, but migration always starts with uterine perforation. In our case, uterine perforation was probably caused by immediate traumatic perforation. CT is the preferred radiological examination. IUD removal was performed one month after IUD insertion showing complete migration of the IUD, though CT one week prior suggested that the tips of the IUD remained embedded.ConclusionIn cases of early-onset complete spontaneous migration of contraceptive IUD to the bladder, CT is the preferred radiological examination, and delaying removal procedure may be beneficial.     

Hysterectomy for Treatment of CIN

The objective of this investigation was to determine the percentage of microinvasive and invasive cancers found when CIN 3 was treated by hysterectomy. The postoperative histologic findings of all patients with CIN 3 treated by conization or hysterectomy were analyzed. In 295 patients treated by conization, 14 (4.75%) microinvasive and 11 (3.73%) invasive cancers were found. Histologic analysis of 106 hysterectomy specimens revealed microinvasive carcinoma in 11 (10.38%) and invasive carcinoma in 17 (16.04%) cases. The finding of unexpected invasive cervical cancer in hysterectomy specimens seems significantly higher compared with conization. One must be cautious to avoid hysterectomy as the primary mode of treatment for women with coincident uterine pathology, postmenopausal women, or those who do not desire further reproduction. Hysterectomy as a mode of treatment for CIN 3 should be performed only if the existence of invasive cancer was excluded with certainty.     

Chiari type 1 malformation and magnetic resonance imaging

The Chiari type 1 malformation is common. Unlike the Chiari type 2 and 3 malformations, it may remain latent for a long time, becoming symptomatic only in adulthood. The introduction of MRI has resulted in an increased number of diagnoses of this malformation in pediatric patients. It appears to be related to underdevelopment of the posterior cranial fossa. It must be differentiated from acquired tonsillar herniation, particularly when herniation results from intracranial hypotension; these cases are sometimes reported as acquired Chiari I malformation with spontaneous resolution. Tonsillar ectopia may cause symptoms by its direct effect on any or all of the medulla and the cerebellar and upper spinal cord. The most suggestive of the oculomotor disturbances is oscillopsia with downbeat nystagmus. Dysphonia and dysphagia are common. Potentially serious autonomic disturbances are also frequent: sleep apnea, respiratory failure, syncope and even sudden death. Another risk is syrinx formation, resulting from obstruction of CSF circulation in the cisterna magna. Syringomyelia is detected in 32 to 74% of patients with Chiari I malformation. Treatment is surgical. Posterior fossa decompression is achieved by suboccipital craniectomy combined with laminectomy of the upper cervical segments. Surgical intervention is indicated when the malformation is symptomatic and there is no doubt that it is the cause of the symptoms. When a Chiari I malformation is identified fortuitously on MRI, long-term monitoring is essential. The risk of developing symptoms increases over time. Patients should be advised not to participate in contact sports.     

Anesthetic experience of endoscopic umbilical cord ligation in a case of twin pregnancy with acardia

We had an opportunity to engage in anesthetic management for umbilical cord ligation under endoscopy in a case of twin pregnancy with acardia. The patient was a 24-year-old woman. At the time of surgery, she was at 18 weeks and 2 days of pregnancy. Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 10 mg, fentanyl 150 micrograms, and vecuronium 8 mg, and it was maintained with oxygen (1 l.min-1), air (3 l.min-1) and isoflurane 0.8 to 1.2%. To prevent uterine contraction, ritodrine administration was started before surgery and continued throughout the anesthesia. Throughout the surgery, the fetuses remained immobile, with no sign of uterine contractions. However, an arterial blood sample obtained after anesthetic induction showed mild lactic acidosis, suggesting its relation to ritodrine administration. Anesthetic management for fetal surgery is unique in that it is a non-obstetrical surgical procedure performed on a pregnant patient. Particular attention must be directed to specific aspects, such as the anesthetic effect on the fetus, uterine relaxation during peri-operative period, and prevention of spontaneous abortion or premature labor after surgery. The use of tocolytic agents and fetal monitoring remain for further investigation.     

基底节区中小型动静脉畸形的血管内治疗

目的 分析基底节区中小型动静脉畸形血管内治疗的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析经血管内治疗的基底节区中小型动静脉畸形16例患者的临床资料,其中畸形直径为中型4例,小型12例;16例患者共栓塞20次,采用Onyx或NBCA进行栓塞治疗;通过随访,分析疗效及预后.结果 16例患者完全栓塞7例（43.8％）,次全栓塞5例（31.2％）,4例部分栓塞（25％）,6例畸形残余者行伽玛刀治疗;随访3个月～5年,无再出血病例,3例轻度残疾,1例中度残疾.结论 血管内治疗基底节区中小型动静脉畸形能收到满意的效果,但栓塞率和畸形血管构筑、供血动脉多少以及血管条件相关.     

Spontaneous disappearance of a huge cerebral arteriovenous malformation: case report.

A case of spontaneous disappearance of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is reported. A 59-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as having a huge AVM in the left occipital lobe 6 years before and who was monitored without treatment, complained of a sudden headache and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed an acute subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, for which a craniotomy was performed. Cerebral angiograms performed 9 days after the operation demonstrated a decrease in the size of the AVM. Repeated cerebral angiograms performed a month later demonstrated complete disappearance of the AVM. Follow-up angiograms performed 19 months after hemorrhage confirmed complete disappearance of the AVM. Spontaneous disappearance is known to occur occasionally in small AVMs but rarely in huge ones such as the one presented here. Several possible mechanisms for spontaneous disappearance of AVMs are discussed.