对比分析分析计划免疫集中门诊接种规范化的效果

目的:分析计划免疫集中门诊接种规范化的效果。方法:随机选取某镇接种门诊科,实施计划免疫集中规范化接种,抽取实施前后120例接种人员作为对照组和研究组,分析计划免疫集中门诊接种规范化的效果。结果:观察组接种记录符合率、证卡符合率、合格接种率均高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组接种及时率为95.8%,对照组接种及时率为70.8%,组间对比(P0.01)。结论:开展规范化计划免疫集接种门诊,可明显提高接种质量,减少冷链运转环节,效果显著,值得推广使用。     

甲型肝炎病毒H2株减毒活疫苗与乙型肝炎血源疫苗同时接…

本文报道了对学龄前儿童进行甲肝减毒活疫苗（Ｈ２株）和乙肝血源疫苗同时接种的免疫效果观察。投苗前１周通过血清学检测筛检出３００名地ＨＡＶ，ＨＢＶ易感的健康儿童，分为三组观察，即单独接种甲肝疫苗的Ｉ组，单独接种乙肝疫苗的Ⅱ组和同时接种甲，乙肝疫苗的Ⅲ组。甲肝疫苗接种后１个月，Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组的血清抗体阳转率分别为８７．３９％和９０．１４％；而７个月后分别为９８．３１％和１００％，抗－ＨＡＶ滴度在１：１－１：     

查漏补种对提高儿童计划免疫接种率的影响

目的观察查漏补种工作对提高儿童计划免疫预防接种率的影响.方法将本市20个门诊接种点随机分为观察组与对照组,两组接种点均对辖区内儿童进行常规的计划免疫,对观察组要求实施全面的查漏补种工作,尤其是流动儿童.一年后进行国家免疫规划疫苗接种率的评价.结果观察组的辖区儿童接种率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论在开展计划免疫工作的同时,注重查漏补种工作的具体实施,可以大幅提高儿童的预防接种率,最大限度的减少相应传染病的发生和流行.     

承德市2003年计划免疫接种率调查

为了解我市在非典流行期间计划免疫工作实际状况，我市抽调专业技术人员，组成四个检查组，于2003年4月对我市八县三区进行了计划免疫接种率调查。在被调查的110名初免儿童中，建卡率为100%；建证率为96．36％；卡痕率为96．36％；BCG接种率为100％；OPV接种率为100％；DgI、接种率为100％；MV接种率为99．09％；HBV接种率为95．45％。另外，新生儿首针HBV24h内及时接种情况，共调查55人，及时率为87．27％；加强免疫儿童调查110人，OPV和DPT接种率均为95．45％，MV接种率为94．55％。此次调查，基本上反映了承德市计划免疫所针对疫苗的接种率水平，达到了计划免疫工作的目标要求。     

北海市计划免疫规范化接种门诊管理实践与体会

计划免疫是一项长期艰巨的系统工程,要保持高质量的接种工作,必须使管理工作制度化、规范化、科学化。 1.规范化接种门诊管理概况 1.1 接种门诊的建立:1982年元月,北海市在广西率先建立城区地段保健门诊,把城区的计划免疫     

社区健康教育对流动人口儿童计划免疫的干预效果

目的 观察社区健康教育对流动人口中儿童计划免疫的干预效果.方法 选取陕西安康1个流动人口聚集小区的儿童家长作为干预对象,调查干预前后预防接种知识知晓率、儿童计划内五苗接种合格率.结果 社区健康教育干预后五苗覆盖合格率（97.6％）高于干预前（89.2％）（P＜0.05）.干预后流动儿童家长对同样享受接种权、接种后可能会产生疫苗副反应、接种门诊地址、预防接种可预防传染和免费接种疫苗的知晓率均明显高于干预前（P均＜0.05）.结论 健康教育可有效提高流动人口中儿童的接种率,提升流动儿童家长对于计划免疫的知晓率.     

系统化健康教育在儿童计划免疫中的应用与效果

目的探讨系统化健康教育在儿童计划免疫中的应用和效果。方法选择2010年1月～2012年6月128名计划免疫接种儿童家长,采用随机数字表法,将儿童家长随机分为观察组和对照组,每组64名。对照组给予常规接种教育,观察组在对照组基础上给予系统化健康教育,观察两组儿童的及时预防接种率、家长对接种知识掌握情况和对计划免疫接种的信心、满意度。结果观察组儿童计划免疫及时接种率为96.88%,明显高于对照组的82.81%(P<0.05)。观察组儿童家长掌握情况、计划免疫接种信心和满意度显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论系统化健康教育有效提高儿童计划免疫接种率,提高儿童家长对计划免疫的认知水平和对接种服务的满意度。     

甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗免疫原性和保护效果的初步观察

目的观察我国研制的规范化甲型病毒性肝炎（以下简称甲型肝炎）减毒活疫苗Ｈ２株与ＬＡ１株的免疫原性并考核其保护效果。方法１３５３４０名受试儿童以系统随机分组方法，另３６００１２名儿童以整群随机分组方法，分为疫苗接种组与对照组。观察并比较两组甲型肝炎发病率。此外，检测甲型肝炎抗体为阴性的部分易感者，在接种Ｈ２株与ＬＡ１株后２～６个月，抽血检测甲型肝炎抗体阳转率与几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）。结果对照组发现甲型肝炎３７例，两株疫苗接种组均未发现病例，保护率均为１００％，两组保护率合并后的９５％可信限下限为９２１％。用于现场研究的Ｈ２株（１０７０ＴＣＩＤ５０）抗体阳转率为９４８７％，ＬＡ１株（１０６７５ＴＣＩＤ５０）为８３１６％。抗体阳转率与疫苗滴度有剂量效应关系。活疫苗接种２次，抗体阳转率达１００％。观察期间未发现任何严重副反应。结论Ｈ２株与ＬＡ１株甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗免疫原性良好，与国外甲型肝炎灭活疫苗相比具有同等免疫效果     

2009年中山市火炬开发区常住儿童与流动儿童计划免疫接种率的比较

目的通过对本地区常住儿童和流动儿童计划免疫接种率和接种及时率的比较,了解本地区儿童计划免疫现状,为加强计划免疫工作提供依据。方法以疫苗接种率、接种及时率为指标,调查和对比分析本地区常住儿童和流动儿童"五苗"接种情况及相关资料。结果本地儿童平均接种率为99.33%,外地儿童平均接种率为96.57%,两者差异有统计学意义;本地儿童平均接种及时率为93.35%,外地儿童平均接种及时率为89.04%,两者差异有统计学意义。其中,除卡介苗、乙肝疫苗第一针接种率、接种及时率差异无统计学意义外,其它针次的疫苗常住人口接种率、接种及时率均明显高于流动人口,且差异有统计学意义,尤其是接种及时率。结论常住儿童计划免疫接种情况较好,但是流动儿童疫苗接种率、接种及时率与常住儿童比较仍有相当大的差距,需要进一步加强。     

计划免疫策略改变对少数民族乡村免疫规划的影响

目的：了解计划免疫策略改变对免疫规划的影响,为制定少数民族地区免疫规划提供流行病学依据。方法：现场听取汇报、查阅相关资料;调查疫苗出库到接种的时限、建卡率、接种记录、计划免疫知识知晓率、及时接种情况和建卡情况、基层业务人员工作态度。结果：计划免疫策略改变后,3县计免五苗覆盖率与上年同期相比平均提高了4．2％,儿童建卡时间平均提前了13天,乙肝疫苗首针24小时及时接种率提高了21％,疫苗冰箱外循环时间缩短了7小时,乡级计免专干进村轮回次数提高了一倍,卫生院计免专干完成一轮次计划免疫接种时间平均缩短了5．2天,计免知识知晓率提高了81％;愿意继续从事计免工作的人员占92．1％。结论：计划免疫策略的改变推动了少数民族地区的免疫规划工作的进程,但计划免疫力量有待进一步加强。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.