甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种反应临床观察

目的了解甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种后不良反应的发生情况。方法对12 503名中小学生接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后进行观察,分析不良反应发生的情况。结果不良反应141例,发生率1.13%,反应均比较轻微。结论甲型H1N1流感疫苗安全性良好,接种安全。     

深圳市福田区2009—2010年甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种情况

目的为下阶段甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种提供经验,进一步做好甲型H1N1流感的防控工作。方法对深圳市福田区2009年11月5日—2010年2月12日春节前夕甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种人群及预防接种不良反应（AEFI）进行描述性及分析性流行病学分析。结果福田区甲型H1N1流感疫苗第1阶段共接种100 668人,上报预防接种不良反应55例,其中一般反应41例,异常反应7例,偶合症7例,反应发生率54.6/10万,年龄分布结果差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.0415,P=0.0046）。结论福田区的接种实践说明甲型H1N1流感疫苗是安全的,因媒体对疫苗接种疑似异常反应的过度报道及群众过度敏感等原因,部分重点人群接种率不高,后期须正确引导舆论导向,提高群众对甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种的科学认识。     

甲型H1N1流感疫苗预防接种效果观察

目的探讨接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的有效性和安全性。方法选择120例18～60岁在我院接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人员为接种组,同时按照年龄、性别、疾病匹配的情况选取未接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗者110例为对照组。调查分析甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种后90d内两组甲型H1N1流感发病率和其他流感样疾病发生情况。同时观察接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后48h内不良反应发生情况。结果接种组甲型H1N1流感发病率和就诊率为0%,对照组甲型H1N1流感发病率和就诊率为7.3%,两组比较有显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）;接种组90d内甲型H1N1流感的保护率为100%,减少就诊率100%。接种组其他流感样疾病发生率（15.0%）和就诊率（8.3%）均明显低于对照组（22.7%和16.3%）,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;接种组90d内其他流感样疾病的保护率为33.9%,减少就诊率49.4%;接种组共出现不良反应8例,总体不良反应率6.7%,给予适当的处理,症状很快消失。结论接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是有效和安全的。     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人群血清抗体阳性率及相关因素分析

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种效果和影响因素,为流感疫苗接种规划制定提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,在2010年1月、4月、8月共抽取1 941名甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种者进行问卷调查,并运用血清抗凝实验方法检测抗体水平.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗抗体阳性率为59.51%,0～岁和60岁及以上人群抗体阳性率较低,6～岁和16～岁人群抗体阳性率较高,抗体水平随时间推移逐渐下降.结论 流感疫苗是防止疫情最有效措施之一,在流感高峰期来临前,要加强疫苗接种、补种,特别是60岁及以上的老年人和5岁以下儿童.     

无锡市甲型H1N1流感及季节性流感疫苗接种效果分析

目的调查流感样病例(ILI)和无锡市一般人群中甲型H1N1流感疫苗及季节性流感疫苗的接种情况,评估疫苗接种后对人群的保护效果。方法以无锡市2家哨点医院为基础,采集流感样病例病毒核酸检测阳性的病例作为病例组,共1 529人,同时按照"病例"的电话信息,随机产生电话号码选择、年龄匹配的一般人群作为对照组,共380人。结果病例组甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为6.1%(94/1 529),对照组甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种率为12.1%(46/380),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);甲型H1N1流感病例中接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为12.5%(3/24),门诊检测阴性的ILI病例接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为6.1%(78/1 273),"接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗"因素的OR值为0.457(P=0.201);以电话调查一般人群(330例)作为对照组,接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的比例为13.3%(44/330),OR值为1.077(P=0.908)。结论该次调查说明接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗对预防流感样病例有一定效果,但由于样本量较少,24种方法病例对照分析均未得出差异有统计学意义。     

深圳市部分劳务工甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿调查

目的了解深圳市劳务工甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿,为免疫策略的制定提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取深圳市的3个区县共6家工厂,每家工厂随机抽取100~150名劳务工,采用匿名自填式问卷调查方式进行调查,调查内容包括基本情况、对罹患甲型H1N1流感可能性的认知、甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素等。采用卡方检验及logistic回归方法分别对接种意愿的影响因素进行单因素、多因素分析。结果共调查668名劳务工。57.2%的调查对象愿意接种付费甲型H1N1流感疫苗;81.6%愿意接种免费甲型H1N1流感疫苗。不愿意接种的原因主要为担心不良反应和费用问题。男性(OR=1.77)、低年龄(20岁以下年龄组:OR=2.80,20~29岁年龄组:OR=2.01)、认为自己罹患甲型H1N1流感可能性大的人群(OR=2.65)的接种免费疫苗意愿更大。结论深圳市部分劳务工甲型H1N1流感疫苗免费接种意愿较高,采取免费疫苗或降低疫苗费用、加强疫苗安全性宣传可提高接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗意愿。     

江苏省甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的免疫效果分析

2009年甲型H1N1流感的流行引起了广泛重视,接种疫苗是预防流感流行、降低死亡率和病死率的最有效方法[1],本研究通过比较不同人群甲型H1N1抗体水平变化趋势,初步评估甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的免疫效果. 1.对象与方法: (1)研究对象:2009年11月、12月、2010年2月,在江苏省随机选择甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种人群(免疫人群),连续采集同一批人群(共281人)免疫前、免疫后1个月及3个月的血清标本(排除季节性流感疫苗接种者和接种前1个月内有流感样症状者);连续采集甲型H1N1流感确诊病例(发病时间为2009年10月15日至11月15日,经RT-PCR检测确诊为甲型H1N1流感病毒感染[1])同一组病例发病2周内(107例)、发病后1个月(77例)及3个月(52例)的血清标本(排除甲型H1N1流感疫苗和季节性流感疫苗接种者),选择同时期自然人群作为背景资料.     

怀柔区接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗分析

本文对2009年度在怀柔城区的3家预防接种保健科，进行甲型H1N1流感疫苗预防接种的实例分析，与世界卫生组织发布的全球甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种安全性评估结论基本一致，证明我国使用的疫苗安全稳定。     

医务人员计划接种季节性和甲型H1N1流感疫苗情况调查

2009年甲型H1N1流感在世界范围内的流行,医务人员作为特殊人群[1],流感疫苗是预防和控制流感的最有效途径.多年来我国将医务人员指定为流感疫苗接种的重点人群[2],为此,2009年8月我们对北京市东城区医务人员对计划接种季节性和甲型H1N1流感疫苗等情况进行了调查.     

季节性流行性感冒疫苗接种后血清与新甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒的交叉反应

新甲型H1N1流行性感冒（流感）病毒已传播到全球，而新甲型H1N1流感疫苗的生产时间需费时数月，因此确定季节性流感疫苗的受种者是否可抵抗新甲型H1N1病毒就显得极为重要。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）为此开展了季节性流感疫苗血清对新甲型H1N1病毒的交叉反应研究，所用的冻存血清来自儿童、成人、老人，在2005～2006、2006～2007、2007～2008、2008～2009年季节性流感疫苗接种前后采集双份血清。     

Major motives in non-acceptance of A/H1N1 flu vaccination: the weight of rational assessment

Recent efforts of health authorities to promote vaccination against influenza A/H1N1 were met with low compliance rates in most industrialized countries. Here we analyzed the attitudes of the Israeli public towards A/H1N1 vaccination based on a telephone survey conducted several months after the peak of the outbreak. The findings attest to the low uptake of the A/H1N1 vaccine (17%) in Israel, and identify the socio-demographic characteristics associated with non-compliance. In addition, the survey reveals passiveness, fear and distrust as motives leading to non-compliance. Most importantly, the study identified the substantial weight of reflective assessment in the attitude of lay individuals towards the A/H1N1 vaccine. As many as 30% of the non-vaccinated responders provided reasoned arguments for rejecting the vaccine, based mainly on assessment of threat versus actual risk. These observations highlight the need to consider the opinion of the lay public when implementing new vaccination programs.     

Relationship between intention of novel influenza A (H1N1) vaccination and vaccination coverage rate

We carried out this study to describe the difference between intention to receive vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) before the vaccination campaign and actual vaccine coverage rate after vaccination campaign; and to find out the factors affecting the acceptability. We analyzed data on intention to receive vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) and actual vaccination coverage rate from IR (immunization registry). In a survey of pre-vaccination, the sample size was 1042 and the survey results were weighted with gender and age distribution for sample distribution to be similar to population distribution. Although the intention to receive vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) was high, the actual vaccination coverage was lower than their intention. The factors affecting their intention were the degree of fear for novel influenza A (H1N1), the possibility to be infected with the virus, priority for production of novel influenza vaccine between timing and safety, and belief for effectiveness of novel influenza vaccine. Besides 2009 influenza A (H1N1) vaccination experience developing to resolve the effecting factors on intentions to receive vaccine, which would be the effective way to prepare for anther pandemic in the future.     

The perceptions of and disincentives for receiving influenza A (H1N1) vaccines among chronic renal disease patients in Hong Kong

This article aims to demonstrate the perceptions of patients with chronic renal disease in Hong Kong towards the new vaccine for influenza A (H1N1), as well as the main disincentives. Little is known about the views of chronically ill patients on the H1N1 vaccine and even less about the underlying factors that motivate its low acceptance by this group. To explore these issues, this study adopted a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 40 chronic renal disease patients in Hong Kong from December 2009 to March 2010. The participants were selected by purposive sampling from a patient with renal disease self-help alliance, which has over 4000 members with chronic renal diseases coming from nine public hospitals. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Although vaccination was portrayed as one of the most effective methods to prevent influenza A (H1N1), chronically ill participants in this study showed reluctance towards it. Six disincentives for them to receive H1N1 vaccines were identified: perceptions of H1N1 vaccine as unsafe, cultural perception of vaccines as harmful, the belief that seasonal influenza vaccines provided immunity against influenza A (H1N1), inaccessibility for receiving the H1N1 vaccine, worries in contracting infectious diseases from vaccination locations and the financial cost. As chronically ill patients are one of the high-risk groups who can suffer from severe complications from influenza, understanding the underlying social, cultural and perceptual factors that prevent their immunisation is crucial to the design of a public health policy responsive to their needs.     

成都市青羊区首批甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种回访调查

目的回访调查了解甲型H1N1流感疫苗应急接种率,以及接种对象接受或拒绝应急接种的原因和自述的疫苗接种后不良反应发生情况。方法采用分层抽样和问卷调查的方式,在疫苗接种后第14天对应接种对象进行回访调查。结果 4225名被访者中,2595人(61.42%)接受甲型H1N1l流感疫苗应急接种,其中399人(15.38%)的受种者在接种后14d内出现各种身体不适。在拒绝接种人群中32.82%的被访者认为新型疫苗安全性尚不可靠。结论首批接种对象接受接种率不高,部分拒绝接种者对疫苗安全性、可靠性不信任。接种的甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种后不良反应发生率与产品说明书标识的不良反应基本一致。     

中国首批次甲型H1N1流感疫苗上市后安全性与保护效果的研究

目的 了解和掌握由中国自行研制的甲型H1N1流感疫苗的安全性与保护效果.方法 采用描述流行病学、队列研究方法,对95 244名首批次接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的受种者,开展安全性与流行病学保护效果评价.结果 95 244名首批次接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗人员中,累计报告不良反应人数为193例,报告率为2.03‰;其中71.0%(137/193)的病例发生在接种后24h内.有81例不良反应确认与接种疫苗有关,其中78例(96.3%)属轻微反应.所有接种对象在接种后12周内未报告吉兰-巴雷综合征.甲型H1N1流感疫苗在不考虑接种率的情况下保护率可达到80.9%.结论 甲型H1N1流感疫苗具有良好的安全性和流行病学保护效果.     

Central European Vaccination Advisory Group (CEVAG) guidance statement on recommendations for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccination

The 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic is markedly different from seasonal influenza with the disease affecting the younger population and a larger than expected number of severe or fatal cases has been seen in pregnant women, obese people and in people who were otherwise healthy. In Europe, influenza activity caused by the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus has passed the winter peak with nearly all countries now reporting lower influenza activity. However, although the rate of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) is declining, fatal cases continue to be reported and the future is hard to predict. The most effective protection against influenza is vaccination and increasing vaccine coverage is the only way to eliminate uncertainties regarding possible future waves of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Recommendations have been developed for several central European countries but there is no clear or uniform definition with respect to priority groups or age groups who should receive vaccination. This paper contains the Central European Vaccination Advisory Group (CEVAG) guidance statement on recommendations for the vaccination of adults and children against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1). CEVAG recommends vaccination of all health-care workers, pregnant women, children ≥6 months and <2 years of age and people with chronic medical conditions as a first priority.     

Acceptance of vaccination during pregnancy: experience with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in the Netherlands

Objectives

In 2009, the Dutch government advised pregnant women to get vaccinated against influenza A (H1N1). A study was set up to gain insight into vaccination coverage and reasons why pregnant women seek vaccination or not.

Methods

We invited 14,529 pregnant women to complete an internet survey on vaccination during pregnancy in general and against 2009 influenza A (H1N1). Differences in background characteristics between unvaccinated and vaccinated women were investigated. Prediction analyses were carried out to determine which survey statement had the greatest impact on vaccination status or intention to get vaccinated during pregnancy.

Results

Of the 2993 included respondents, 63% reported to be vaccinated against 2009 influenza A (H1N1). Vaccination coverage was higher among older birth cohorts, women who had been pregnant before, women with underlying medical conditions, and women who reported no defined ‘life philosophy’. Protection of the child (after birth), the government's advice and possible harmful effects of the vaccine for the unborn child had the greatest predictive value for vaccination status. With regards vaccination during future pregnancies, 39% had a positive intention to obtain vaccination and 45% were neutral. The government's advice was the strongest predictor for intention. Furthermore, women expressed concern over lack of sufficient knowledge about vaccine safety.

Conclusions

A considerable number of pregnant women in the Netherlands reported to be vaccinated against 2009 influenza A (H1N1). The challenge for the government in the future will be to provide pregnant women and health care professionals with sufficient and clear information about disease severity and the benefits and safety of vaccination.     

Pandemic H1N1 vaccine requires the use of an adjuvant to protect against challenge in naïve ferrets

In the context of an A/H1N1 influenza pandemic situation, this study demonstrates that heterologous vaccination with an AS03-adjuvanted 2008/2009 seasonal trivalent and pandemic H5N1 monovalent split vaccine conferred partial protection in influenza-naïve ferrets after challenge with the influenza pandemic H1N1 A/The Netherlands/602/09 virus. Further, unlike saline control and non-adjuvanted vaccine, it was shown that immunization of naïve ferrets with an AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 A/California/7/09 influenza split vaccine induced increased antibody response and enhanced protection against the challenge strain, including significant reduction in viral shedding in the upper respiratory tract and reduced lung pathology post-challenge. These results show the need for vaccination with the adjuvanted vaccine to fully protect against viral replication and influenza disease in unprimed ferrets.     

Factors influencing the uptake of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in a multiethnic Asian population

The study aimed to determine factors influencing the uptake of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in a multiethnic Asian population. Population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2009. Approximately 70% of overall participants indicated willingness to be vaccinated against the 2009 H1N1 influenza. Participants who indicated positive intention to vaccinate against 2009 H1N1 influenza were more likely to have favorable attitudes toward the 2009 H1N1 vaccine. A halal (acceptable to Muslims) vaccine was the main factor that determined Malay participants’ decision to accept vaccination, whereas safety of the vaccine was the main factor that influenced vaccination decision for Chinese and Indian participants. The study highlights the challenges in promoting the 2009 H1N1 vaccine. Ethnic-sensitive efforts are needed to maximize acceptance of H1N1 vaccines in countries with diverse ethnic communities and religious practices.