Selective fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a radiographic evaluation of risk factors for imbalance

ObjectivesTo report on the outcome and evaluate possible risk factors for postoperative complications following selective spinal fusion in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).ResultsDuring the 11-year study period, 157 patients with AIS underwent surgery for their progressive spinal deformity. Thirty patients (19 %) had a selective spinal fusion, with 16 patients (group A) having a selective thoracic, and 14 patients (group B) having a selective thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal arthrodesis. In both groups the main postoperative complications were adding-on (25 % group A, 36 % group B) and coronal decompensation (25 % group A, 29 % group B). In group A, no statistically significant risk factors for postoperative complications were identified. In group B, global coronal balance was identified as a significant risk factor for adding-on. Patients with adding-on had significantly higher coronal balance scores (mean 3.6) than those who did not experience adding-on (mean 1.9) (p = 0.03). In addition, those with adding-on had a significantly smaller bending lumbar Cobb angle (mean 15) than those without adding-on (mean 31.6) (p = 0.015). None of the patients who underwent selective spinal fusion required revision surgery.ConclusionAlthough the complication rate after performing a selective spinal fusion is high, the revision rate remains low and the debate whether or not to perform a selective spinal fusion will continue.     

选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 评价选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床效果. 方法回顾性分析35例行选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合的PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)AIS病例.所有病例均行前路单棒节段性固定融合,随访18～42个月,平均36个月.术前、术后及随访时均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,对躯干偏移、上下融合椎邻近椎间盘开角、下固定椎的倾斜、冠状面和矢状面Cobb角进行测量分析.测量数据使用SPSS 11.0统计学软件进行分析.结果 胸腰弯或腰弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均45.6°,术后9.7°,末次随访14.4°.胸弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均29.7°,术后17.6°,末次随访20.1°.躯干偏移术前平均14.0 mm,术后14.8 mm,末次随访5.1 mm.下端固定椎(LIV)倾斜术前平均-21.8°,术后-1.5°,末次随访-2.1°.冠状面上端固定椎(UIV)上位椎间盘开角(UIVDA)及LIV下位椎间盘开角(LIVDA)术前分别为0.5°和0.6°,术后为0.9°和4.9°,末次随访时均显著加重,为3.0°和7.8°.矢状面胸段(T5～12)及胸腰段(T10～L2)曲度术后及末次随访时均保持良好.矢状面腰前凸(L1～S1)及固定融合节段Cobb角在术后有所减小,末次随访时均保持良好.所有病例末次随访时均未见假关节形成及其他并发症. 结论 选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合是治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke 5型)AIS的安全、有效的方法,融合节段上、下椎间盘开角增加及部分病例残余胸弯过大现象需进一步随访评估.     

肋骨结构性支撑植骨在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形融合术中的应用

目的:评价肋骨结构性支撑植骨在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)前路矫形融合术中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析术后随访时间超过1年的AIS病例35例,男4例,女31例;年龄12～17.5岁,平均14.6岁。侧凸类型包括PUMCⅠa型1例,Ⅰb型6例,Ⅰc型3例,Ⅱc1型1例,Ⅱd1型24例。采用前路三维矫形手术,融合3～7节椎体,平均4.4节。内固定器械包括CDH21例、Isola12例、TSRH1例、Moss Miami1例。全部病例均采用自体肋骨结构性支撑植骨。术前、术后及随访时摄脊柱X线片,测量冠状面及矢状面Cobb角,并观察植骨融合情况,有无假关节形成及螺钉松动、断钉、断棒等内置物并发症。结果:随访12～75个月,平均29个月,融合弯冠状面矫形率术后平均为76.5%,其中21例随访超过2年者末次随访时矫形丢失平均4.2°;固定融合节段冠状面矫形率术后平均为93.6%,随访超过2年者末次随访时丢失平均1.7°;固定融合节段矢状面Cobb角术前与术后比较无显著性差异(P=0.086),随访超过2年者末次随访时矫形丢失平均2.3°。13例胸腰段后凸患者术前后凸平均8.3°,术后矫正为前凸5.6°,1年随访时保持前凸4.2°。全部病例末次随访时均未见假关节形成和内置物并发症。结论:在AIS前路矫形融合手术中采用肋骨结构性支撑植骨融合率高,能获得并维持良好的冠状面及矢状面矫形,是一种可靠、有效的植骨方法。     

Selective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of current operative strategy

Selective fusion of thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a concept critically debated in the literature. While some surgeons strongly believe that a more rigid and straighter spine provides predictably excellent outcomes, some surgeons recommend a mobile and less straight spine. This topic is a crucial part of surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, particularly in young patients who will deal with the stress of the fusion mass at the proximal and distal junctions over many years. This study will review the literature on various aspects of selective fusion.     

Prognosis of spontaneous thoracic curve correction after the selective anterior fusion of thoracolumbar/lumbar (Lenke 5C) curves in idiopathic scoliosis

Background contextPrognosis of minor lumbar curve correction after selective thoracic fusion in idiopathic scoliosis is well defined. However, the prognosis of minor thoracic curve after isolated anterior fusion of the major lumbar curve has not been well described.PurposeTo define the prognosis of spontaneous thoracic curve correction after selective anterior fusion of the lumbar/thoracolumbar curve in idiopathic scoliosis.Study designA retrospective cohort study on the prognosis of the minor curve after selective anterior correction and fusion of the lumbar/thoracolumbar curve in idiopathic scoliosis.Patient sampleIdiopathic lumbar scoliosis patients treated with anterior spinal fusion.Outcome measuresThe Scoliosis Research Society 22 questionnaire was used as an outcome measure at the final follow-up.MethodsTwenty-eight patients were included in this study. Four patients were male, 24 patients were female, and average age at the time of surgery was 16 years. Mean follow-up was 48 months. According to the Lenke Classification, 22 patients were 5CN, 5 were 5C?, and 1 was 5C+. All operations were performed in the same institution. Standing long posterior-anterior and lateral radiographs were taken just before surgery, 1 week after surgery, and at final follow-up.ResultsThe mean preoperative Cobb angle of the lumbar (major) curve was 53° (standard deviation [SD]=8.6) and that of the thoracic (minor) curve was 38.4° (SD=6.24). The lumbar and thoracic curves were corrected to 10° (SD=7.6) and 25° (SD=8.3) postoperatively and measured 17° (SD=10.6) and 27° (SD=7.7), respectively, at the last follow-up. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the minor curves (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference between the early postoperative and the final follow-up measurements (p>.05). Regarding the overall sagittal balance, there was no significant difference between preoperative, early, and late postoperative measurements (p>.05).ConclusionsSelective anterior fusion of the major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve was an effective method for the treatment of Lenke Type 5C curves. Minor thoracic curves did not progress after selective fusion of thoracolumbar/lumbar curves in minimum 2-year follow-up.     

Anterior surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Anterior open scoliosis surgery using the dual rod system is a safe and rather effective procedure for the correction of scoliosis (50–60 %). Thoracic hypokyphosis and rib hump correction with open anterior rather than posterior instrumentation appear to be the better approaches, although the latter is somewhat controversial with current posterior vertebral column derotation devices. In patients with Risser grade 0, hyperkyphosis and adding-on may occur with anterior thoracic spine instrumentation. Anterior thoracoscopic instrumentation provides a similar correction (65 %) with good cosmetic outcomes, but it is associated with a rather high risk of instrumentation (pull-out, pseudoarthrosis) and pulmonary complications. Approximately 80 % of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves of >70° have restrictive lung disease or smaller than normal lung volumes. AIS patients undergoing anterior thoracotomy or anteroposterior surgery will demonstrate a significant decrease in percentage of predicted lung volumes during follow-up. The thoracoabdominal approach and thoracoscopic approach without thoracoplasty do not produce similar changes in detrimental lung volume. In patients with severe AIS (>90°), posterior-only surgery with TPS provides similar radiographic correction of the deformity (44 %) with better pulmonary function outcomes than anteroposterior surgery. Vascular spinal cord malfunction after segmental vessel ligation during anterior scoliosis surgery has been reported. Based on the current literature, the main indication for open anterior scoliosis instrumentation is Lenke 5C thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS curve with anterior instrumentation typically between T11 and L3.     

Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者前路选择性融合术后腰椎后滑脱的发生率及危险因素分析

目的 ：分析Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者行前路选择性融合术后腰椎后向滑脱的发生率及其危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月～2010年12月在我院接受前路选择性胸腰椎融合手术的49例Lenke 5型AIS患者的临床资料。在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量胸腰弯Cobb角、胸弯Cobb角、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、胸腰段后凸角（thoracolumbar junctional kyphosis,TJK）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、C7矢状位垂直距离（C7 sagittal vertical axis,SVA）。统计患者性别、年龄、Risser征、随访时间、融合椎体数、下端固定椎位置。按照Roussouly分型对患者术前矢状面形态进行分型。根据末次随访时发生腰椎后滑脱与否将患者分为滑脱组与非滑脱组。对两组患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访时的各参...     

Lenke 5+型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路选择性融合术后胸弯的转归

目的:探讨Lenke 5+型脊柱侧凸患者不同融合策略疗效及选择性融合术后胸弯自发矫正情况.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月～2018年12月期间在我院接受手术治疗且随访2年以上Lenke 5+型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者资料,共80例,男13例,女6...     

Radiological and clinical outcome of selective thoracic fusion for patients with Lenke 1C and 2C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with a minimum follow-up of 2 years

Background Context

In Lenke 1C and 2C curves, the choice between selective thoracic fusion (STF) versus non-selective thoracic fusion as the optimal surgical treatment is controversial.

Current concepts and controversies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Part II

A new era in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) opened with the introduction of pedicle screw instrumentation, which provides 3-column vertebral fixation and allows major deformity correction on the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. A steep learning curve can be expected for spinal surgeons to become familiar with pedicle screw placement and correction techniques. Potential complications including injury to adjacent neural, vascular, and visceral structures can occur due to screw misplacement or pull-out during correction maneuvers. These major complications are better recognized as pedicle screw techniques become more popular and may result in serious morbidity and mortality. Extensive laboratory and clinical training is mandatory before pedicle screw techniques in scoliosis surgery are put to practice. Wider application, especially in developing countries, is limited by the high cost of implants. Refined correction techniques are currently developed and these utilize a lesser number of pedicle anchors which are strategically positioned to allow optimum deformity correction while reducing the neurological risk, surgical time, and blood loss, as well as instrumentation cost. Such techniques can be particularly attractive at a time when cost has major implications on provision of health care as they can make scoliosis treatment available to a wider population of patients. Pedicle screw techniques are currently considered the gold standard for scoliosis correction due to their documented superior biomechanical properties and ability to produce improved clinical outcomes as reflected by health-related quality-of-life questionnaires. Ongoing research promises further advances with the future of AIS treatment incorporating genetic counseling and possibly fusionless techniques.     

Clinical and economic implications of early discharge following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objective

To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of a novel postoperative pathway following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods

Patient charts were reviewed for demographic data and to determine length of surgery, implant density, use of osteotomies, estimated blood loss, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, length of hospital stay, and any subsequent complications. Hospital charges were divided by charge code to evaluate potential savings.

Results

Two hundred and seventy-nine of 365 patients (76.4 %) treated with PSF carried a diagnosis of AIS and had completed 6 months of clinical and radiologic follow-up, a period of time deemed adequate to assess early complications. There was no difference between groups in age at surgery, sex, number of levels fused, or length of follow-up. Patients managed under the accelerated discharge (AD) pathway averaged 1.36 (31.7 %) fewer days of inpatient stay. Operative time was associated with a shorter length of stay. There was no difference in complications between groups. Hospital charges for room and board were significantly less in the AD group ($1.885 vs. $2,779, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A pathway aimed to expedite discharge following PSF for AIS decreased hospital stay by nearly one-third without any increase in early complication rate. A small but significant decrease in hospital charges was seen following early discharge. Early discharge following PSF for AIS may be achieved without increased risk of complications, while providing a small cost savings.     

选择性前路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的参数分析

目的 探讨Lenke5、6型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者选择性前路手术的筛选指标.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年3月至2004年5月期间收治的52例Lenke5、6型AIS患者,随访2～4年(平均34个月),评估术前各相关参数.按术后结果 分成两组:满意组(胸弯减小)A组,不满意组(胸弯加重)B组.结果 A组(n=46)术前胸弯平均33°,术后平均18°,腰弯术前平均49°,术后平均21°.B组(n=6)术前胸弯平均38°,术后平均45°.腰弯术前平均46°,术后平均25°.B组患者中2例由于术后脊柱失平衡,进行了后路翻修术.结论 胸椎柔韧性和患者的成熟度决定了该方案外科手术的效果.在各种结构参数中,(TL/L:T)Cobb比率和胸椎柔韧性,是筛选患者的较好指标.     

胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

Adult thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis treated with long vertebral fusion to the sacropelvis: a comparison between new hybrid selective spinal fusion versus anterior-posterior spinal instrumentation

Background contextCombined anteroposterior spinal fusion with instrumentation has been used for many years to treat adult thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis. This surgery remains a technical challenge to spine surgeons, and current literature reports high complication rates.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to validate a new hybrid technique (a combination of single-rod anterior instrumentation and a shorter posterior instrumentation to the sacrum) to treat adult thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis.Study designThis study is a retrospective consecutive case series of surgically treated patients with adult lumbar or thoracolumbar scoliosis.Patient sampleThis is a retrospective study of 33 matched pairs of patients with adult scoliosis who underwent two different surgical procedures: a new hybrid technique versus a third-generation anteroposterior spinal fusion.Outcome measuresPreoperative and postoperative outcome measures include self-report measures, physiological measures, and functional measures.MethodsIn a retrospective case-control study, 33 patients treated with the hybrid technique were matched with 33 patients treated with traditional anteroposterior fusion based on preoperative radiographic parameters. Mean follow-up in the hybrid group was 5.3 years (range, 2–11 years), compared with 4.6 years (range, 2–10 years) in the control group. Operating room (OR) time, estimated blood loss, and levels fused were collected as surrogates for surgical morbidity. Radiographic parameters were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. The Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire (SRS-22r) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were collected for clinical outcomes.ResultsOperating room time, EBL, and levels fused were significantly less in the hybrid group compared with the control group (p<.0001). The postoperative thoracic Cobb angle was similar between the hybrid and control techniques (p=.24); however, the hybrid technique showed significant improvement in the thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (p=.004) and the lumbosacral fractional curve (p<.0001). The major complication rate was less in the hybrid group compared with the control group (18% vs. 39%, p=.01). Clinical outcomes at final follow-up were not significantly different based on overall SRS-22r scores and ODI scores.ConclusionThe new hybrid technique demonstrates good long-term results, with less morbidity and fewer complications than traditional anteroposterior surgery select patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis. This study received no funding. No potential conflict of interest-associated bias existed.     

全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫治青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸的疗效

目的:探讨采用单纯后路广泛松解技术联合侧凸全节段椎弓根螺钉系统治疗青少年特发性胸腰椎和腰椎脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:我院于2002年4月至2005年7月连续收治了114例(女86例,男28例)青少年特发性胸腰椎和腰椎脊柱侧凸患者,其中Lenke5型72例,Lenke6型32例,Lenke3C型10例。全部采用后路广泛松解技术联合椎弓根螺钉系统治疗。手术前后在X线正侧位片上测量冠状位Cobb角,矢状面胸椎后凸角和腰椎前凸角,最下端融合椎冠状面成角,骶骨中垂线与融合下端椎、顶椎及C7中垂线平均距离,并观察各种并发症情况。结果:共置入1460枚椎弓根螺钉,平均融合9.6个椎体(5～14个)。冠状面平均矫正率为78.6%(61°减少到13°),矢状面腰椎前凸角从36°(23°～67°)增加到42°(34°～55°)。最下端融合椎冠状面成角矫正率达79%,骶骨中垂线与融合下端椎距离从2.3cm减少到0.5cm,与顶椎距离从5.0cm缩短到1.6cm;C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离由2.7cm减少到0.8cm。术后平均随访时间为30个月(12～50个月),未发现假关节形成、深部感染,且无明显矫形丢失。结论:后路广泛松解联合全节段椎弓根螺钉系统治疗青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸效果满意。     

Spontaneous correction of coronal imbalance after selective thoracolumbar-lumbar fusion in patients with Lenke-5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background Context

Coronal imbalance is a complication of corrective surgeries in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, few studies about immediate coronal decompensation in Lenke-5C curves have reported its incidence, prognosis, and related factors.

青少年特发性胸腰弯脊柱侧凸伴结构性腰弯患者腰椎椎体磁共振弥散成像参数的变化

目的 :探讨青少年特发性胸腰弯脊柱侧凸伴结构性腰弯患者腰椎(L1~L5)椎体凹凸侧磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)参数的变化规律。方法:收集2015年6月~2016年6月在我院就诊的青少年特发性胸腰弯脊柱侧凸伴结构性腰弯的女性患者共30例,年龄10~18岁,Cobb角40°~60°。对患者(侧凸组)及10例同年龄段健康青少年(对照组)腰椎(L1~L5)椎体进行磁共振DWI,测量侧凸患者腰椎椎体凹凸侧及对照组腰椎椎体左右侧表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,分别对侧凸患者腰椎椎体凹凸侧及对照组腰椎椎体左右侧ADC值进行比较,同时对侧凸患者和对照组腰椎椎体ADC均值进行比较,分析顶椎椎体凹凸侧ADC差值与Cobb角之间的关系。结果:对照组腰椎各节段间椎体(L1~L5)左侧/右侧的ADC值均无显著性差异(F=0.752,P=0.559;F=0.604,P=0.661);侧凸组腰椎各节段间椎体凹侧/凸侧的ADC值亦无显著性差异性(F=1.268,P=0.301;F=1.250,P=0.291)。对照组腰椎椎体左侧ADC值与右侧比较无显著性差异[(0.439±0.041)×10~(-3)mm~2/s vs(0.423±0.042)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,t=1.047,P=0.288];侧凸组腰椎椎体凹侧ADC值与凸侧比较有显著性差异[(0.391±0.012)×10~(-3)mm~2/s vs(0.553±0.037)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,P0.01],凸侧ADC值与对照组比较显著性增大,凹侧与对照组比较显著性减小。顶椎椎体凹凸侧ADC差值与Cobb角无显著相关性(r=0.024,P=0.721)。结论 :青少年特发性胸腰弯脊柱侧凸伴结构性腰弯患者腰椎(L1~L5)椎体凹凸侧DWI参数存在显著性差异。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形策略回顾分析

[目的]分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸前路矫形中末端融合椎(LIV)的选择策略,并探讨末端融合椎与躯干平衡的关系。[方法]对获得完整随访资料的28例青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸患者(Lenke 5型)进行回顾性研究,这些患者均接受前路硬棒系统矫形手术,平均随访1.5年(1~3年),统计分析LIV与融合椎体节段数、椎间盘楔形变、LIV倾斜度、躯干平衡指标等影像学资料之间的关系,分析椎间盘楔形变与躯干平衡之间的关系。[结果]术前末端椎椎间盘角度(2.96°±1.43°),术后(-3.60°±1.75°),术后椎间盘楔形变程度与LIV倾斜度关系最为密切(P<0.01),躯干总体平衡与LIV-CSVL(骶中线)、融合节段数及LIV倾斜显著相关。[结论]LIV的选择与多个影像学指标相关,对于下端椎与上一椎体椎间盘角度较大,该椎体与顶椎之间椎体少,距离CSVL较远,倾斜角度较大的患者,不适于选择短节段融合。若手术未融合平行的椎间盘,则术后椎间盘楔形变发生的几率较高。     

Sagittal spinopelvic changes after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

PurposeThis article examines if longer posterior spinal fusions with instrumentation (PSFI) into the lumbar spine (L3/4) alter spinopelvic parameters compared with selective fusions to T12/L1/L2 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.MethodsWe analysed radiographs of 84 AIS patients, 58 (69%) females and 26 (31%) males, who underwent PSFI at an mean age of 15 years ± 2.5 years, range 10 years to 21 years, between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2014. Radiographic parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively at most recent follow-up (range 2 years to 8.2 years): pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL, L1–S1 and L4–S1), sagittal vertical alignment (SVA), scoliosis angle and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). PI–LL was calculated. Data was analysed using t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.ResultsIn total, 32 patients underwent a selective fusion with lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) T12–L2, and 52 patients underwent a fusion with LIV L3–L4. In both groups, scoliosis angle was significantly corrected at follow-up (p < 0.005).Pre-operatively, both groups had similar LL (L1–S1) and PI–LL. Post-operatively, LL increased in the L3–4 fusion group (p < 0.005) but did not change in the selective fusion group (p = 0.116). This change in LL in the L3–4 fusion group affected the post-operative PI–LL (T12–L2 fusion -4.9° versus L3–4 fusion -13.6°, p = 0.002). No differences were seen in PI, SVA or LL L4–S1 between groups. Radiographic PJK occurred in seven of the L3–4 patients with and without PJK (noPJK –8.8° versus PJK –25.8°, p = 0.026).ConclusionsIn patients who underwent a fusion ending at L3 or L4, LL was increased. This altered the PI–LL relationship, and appeared to increase the risk of PJK.Level of evidenceIII     

全脊柱核磁共振成像法评估青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的可行性研究

目的 探讨全脊柱MRI检查法测量Cobb角的可行性.方法 2名研究者分别对60例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的后前位及侧位X线片和全脊柱MRI片测量主弯及次弯Cobb角、T5～T12后凸、顶椎旋转,记录测量时间和测量的上下端椎,2名研究者在1周后进行重复测量.对比X线片和MRI测量结果使用Pearson相关法,而研究者之间和研究者内部进行可靠性评估.结果 研究发现在所有X线片和MRI测量结果之间具有显著相关性(P=0.01);主弯Cobb角(R =0.912),代偿弯角度(R=0.826),后凸(R =0.939).X线片和MRI测量结果的研究者组间主弯Cobb角的可靠性分别是R=0.958,0.889;代偿弯Cobb角的可靠性分别是R=0.948,0.858;椎体旋转R=0.954是有显著性的.X线片和MRI测量结果的研究者组内主弯Cobb角的可靠性分别是R=0.965,0.966;代偿弯Cobb角R=0.949,0.944,均有显著性.结论 研究结果示MRI能够获得的冠状面和矢状面测量结果与传统X线片测量结果有高度相关性.另外,MRI除具有可靠的椎体旋转测量外,MRI最大优势就是无辐射,并可替代用于MS诊断性评估.