纤维蛋白原与重度颈动脉狭窄所致不同类型脑梗死关系中的研究

目的探讨纤维蛋白原在颅外段颈动脉重度狭窄所致脑梗死中的作用。方法对重度颈动脉狭窄导致脑梗死患者83例,无症状的颈动脉狭窄患者35例及健康查体者50例(作为对照组)均测定纤维蛋白原含量,分析它们之间的关系,并分析纤维蛋白原含量与狭窄后脑梗死类型、神经功能缺失程度及预后的关系。结果梗死组纤维蛋白原水平明显高于无症状狭窄组及健康对照组,区域性脑梗死的纤维蛋白原水平明显高于其他各型(P<0.05),纤维蛋白原水平越高神经功能缺失程度越重,且其水平越高,预后越差。结论纤维蛋白原增高与重度颈动脉狭窄及其所致脑梗死密切相关,支持特定的梗死类型,可能对病情的严重程度和预后有预示作用。     

颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞导致脑梗死发病机制的研究

目的探讨重度颈动脉颅外段(ICA)狭窄或闭塞患者急性脑梗死的发病机制。方法采用CDFI或TCD筛选75例颈动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞导致的急性脑梗死患者,利用TCD检测脑梗死患者颅内血液动力学变化,采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法测量hs-CRP水平,根据MRI定位对脑梗死模式进行分类,分析颈动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞与脑梗死模式的关系;分析血清hs-CRP水平与颈动脉不稳定斑块及脑梗死模式之间的相关性。结果 (1)区域梗死(Ⅰ型)和分水岭梗死(Ⅴ型)发生率较高,颈动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞与脑梗死模式有关(P0.01)。(2)不稳定斑块组hs-CRP水平明显高于稳定斑块组(P0.01),hs-CRP水平与脑梗死模式之间无相关性(P0.05)。结论 (1)重度颈动脉颅外段狭窄的程度能影响脑梗死的模式,是急性脑梗死主要病因之一。(2)血清hs-CRP升高与脑梗死关系密切,是脑梗死的致病因子。     

Duplication of the internal carotid artery presenting with severe atherosclerotic stenosis

Duplication of the extracranial internal carotid artery is a rare anatomic variant. We present the first patient with unilateral duplication of the cervical internal carotid artery with severe stenosis. Stent-assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successfully performed to restore blood flow. We discuss the angiographic findings and endovascular treatment.     

颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞的梗死类型及卒中机制的研究

目的 研究单侧动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在DWI上的梗死类型及发病机制.方法 起病48h内DWI诊断的急性脑梗死伴有动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的131例患者,有潜在心源性栓子患者除外.急性期DWI上梗死病灶分为：（1）单发病灶（小的穿动脉梗死灶;大的穿动脉梗死灶,皮层支梗死,大面积梗死,分水岭梗死）;（2）多发梗死病灶.结果 131例患者,ICA51例,MCA80例.ICA出现最多的梗死类型：穿支动脉伴分水岭梗死,但与MCA比较,皮层支伴分水岭梗死具有统计学意义（8/51,P=0.001）.MCA以穿支动脉伴皮层支梗死最多,且与ICA比较,具有统计学意义（12/80,P=0.003）.MCA中任何皮层支梗死与狭窄程度无关,ICA中任何分水岭梗死与狭窄程度相关.结论 颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞在DWI上的梗死类型有明显的不同,提示有着不同的卒中发病机制.     

颅内外动脉并发狭窄导致的脑梗死模式

目的 探讨颅内外动脉并发狭窄导致的脑梗死的模式.方法 用CT血管成像(CTA)检测185例急性脑梗死患者的颅内外动脉的狭窄情况;MR弥散加权成像(DWI)检查确定患者的脑梗死模式:单发或多发性脑梗死,穿动脉梗死(PAI)、皮质支梗死(PI)、分水岭梗死(BZI)、大面积脑梗死.比较并发狭窄与非并发狭窄患者的脑梗死模式.结果 CTA示颅内外动脉并发狭窄69例,其中串联狭窄49例、非串联狭窄20例;非并发狭窄99例;无狭窄17例.颅内外动脉并发狭窄组的多发性脑梗死、PAI+ PI+ BZI的比率(55.1％,20.3％)显著高于非并发狭窄组(34.3％,5.1％)(均P＜0.01);而单发小PAI的比率(24.6％)显著低于非并发狭窄组(48.5％)(P＜0.01).并发狭窄组中串联狭窄亚组的多发性脑梗死(65.3％)及PAI+ PI+ BZI(26.5％)的比率显著高于非串联狭窄亚组(30％,5％) (P＜0.05 ～0.01);而单发小PAI的比率(14.3％)显著低于非串联狭窄亚组(50.0％)(P＜0.01).结论 颅内外动脉并发狭窄导致的脑梗死以多发性梗死及PAI+PI+BZI的模式多见.     

Cognitive decline and cerebral vasoreactivity in asymptomatic patients with severe internal carotid artery stenosis

The aim of the study was to correlate cognitive decline and cerebral vasoreactivity in 150 asymptomatic right-handed patients with severe ≥70 % unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and to evaluate the role of intracranial collateral circulation during cognitive testing. Cognitive assessment was performed by means of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) scales. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and intracranial collateral circulation were evaluated by means of breath holding index (BHI) and transcranial color Doppler (TCD) sonography. The results were compared with 150 right-handed controls matched for demographic variables and vascular risk factors. Patients with severe unilateral ICA stenosis had MMSE scores within a normal range, but MoCA scores were lower than normal. By examining the side of the observed stenosis, it has been noted that patients with left-sided ICA stenosis had lower MoCA scores in categories of language and episodic memory performance, while patients with right-sided ICA stenosis had lower MoCA scores in a category of visual–spatial skills. All patients had BHI values lower than normal. Subjects with a single intracranial collateral artery recruited had slightly better cognitive results than the patients with two or more collateral arteries activated. Results of the study showed that altered cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral hypoperfusion might be responsible for the reduction of specific cognitive functions ipsilateral to the ICA stenosis, therefore BHI and MoCA might be useful tools when screening for cognitive decline in asymptomatic patients with severe ICA stenosis.     

颅内动脉狭窄致初发或复发缺血性卒中比较研究

目的分析和比较颅内动脉狭窄患者初发或复发缺血性卒中的临床特点。探讨颅内动脉狭窄程度与危险因素的关系。方法横断面研究,连续收集81例颅内动脉狭窄致缺血性卒中患者,复发缺血性卒中占41.98%,比较初发组和复发组的临床及影像学特点。结果初发组糖化血红蛋白(5.61±2.02)%,复发组(6.73±1.43)%,P<0.05;初发组糖尿病比例23.40%,复发组50%,P<0.05。颅内动脉狭窄程度与危险因素总数(高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、卒中病史、心房纤颤、家族史和吸烟史)低度相关,r=0.245,P=0.028。Logistic回归示白细胞计数(大于7.03×109/L)是中重度颅内动脉狭窄的保护因素(OR=0.123,P=0.028,95%可信区间0.019~0.797)。结论颅内动脉狭窄致复发缺血性卒中组患者糖化血红蛋白和糖尿病比例更高。白细胞计数是中重度颅内动脉狭窄的保护因素。     

Lesion patterns and mechanism of ischemia in internal carotid artery disease: a diffusion-weighted imaging study

CONTEXT: Although embolism and low-flow phenomenon are the 2 main mechanisms of stroke in internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease, the mechanism of border-zone infarction remains controversial. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can more easily detect small or multiple ischemic lesions than conventional imaging. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ischemic lesion patterns on DWI and to discuss the mechanisms of stroke in ICA disease. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: We enrolled 35 consecutive patients who had an acute ischemic stroke and (> or = 70%) stenosis or an occlusion of the extracranial ICA confirmed by cerebral angiography and an acute relevant stroke lesion on DWI within 1 week of onset, but without cardiac sources of embolism and tandem intracranial arterial disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The lesion pattern on DWI was categorized as territorial or border zone. Multiple ischemic lesions were defined as noncontiguous lesions on DWI in more than 1 vascular territory. RESULTS: There were 3 distinctive stroke lesion patterns. (1) A territorial lesion without a border-zone lesion was found in 21 patients: superficial and superficial territorial in 9, superficial and deep territorial in 7, and single in 5. (2) A border-zone lesion with or without a territorial lesion was found in 10 patients: border zone and territorial in 9 and border zone alone in 1. (3) Bilateral hemispheric lesions were found in 4 patients. Multiple ischemic lesions were found in 29 (82.9%) of the 35 patients. No patient had episodes of hemodynamic compromise. CONCLUSIONS: An acute ischemic lesion in ICA occlusive disease is mainly multiple. Border-zone infarction was mostly associated with territorial infarction. These results support the fact that embolism is the predominant stroke mechanism in ICA occlusive disease.     

颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄与缺血性卒中

卒中已成为中国居民死亡的第一大病因,随着人口老龄化、经济水平的提高和生活方式的改变,缺血性卒中,包括短暂性脑缺血发作的发病率逐年上升。颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(ICAS)是导致缺血性卒中最常见的原因之一。早期诊断 ICAS 并控制其发展能减少缺血性卒中的发生和复发,现针对 ICAS 的流行病学、危险因素、诊断、治疗及预后作一综述。     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄的血流动力学研究

目的探讨动态磁敏感对比增强灌注成像(DSC-PWI)在颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术中的应用价值,为颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术治疗颈内动脉或大脑中动脉重度狭窄和(或)闭塞提供脑血流灌注变化的影像学证据。方法共76例行单侧颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术患者,分别于术前1个月和术后1周内行头部MRI常规和DSC-PWI检查,观察手术前后基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)大脑中动脉供血区脑血流动力学变化[包括相对脑血流量(r CBF)、相对脑血容量(r CBV)、相对平均通过时间(r MTT)和相对达峰时间(r TTP)]。结果术后患侧基底节区层面(搭桥近端)和半卵圆中心层面(搭桥远端)r CBF均较术前升高(P=0.000,0.001);仅基底节区层面r CBV较术前升高(P=0.021);基底节区层面和半卵圆中心层面r MTT(P=0.000,0.000)和r TTP(P=0.000,0.000)均较术前降低。结论颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉搭桥术可以改善大脑中动脉供血区脑血流灌注。DSC-PWI能够完成对脑缺血区域血流动力学的评价,是评价手术疗效和动态观察脑血流动力学变化的最佳无创性技术。     

HR-MRI findings of intracranial artery stenosis and distribution of atherosclerotic plaques caused by different etiologies

Neurological Sciences - To investigate the etiology of intracranial artery stenosis and the distribution characteristics of intracranial artery atherosclerotic stenosis using high-resolution...     

伴2型糖尿病的急性脑梗死患者颈内动脉狭窄的特点

目的探讨伴2型糖尿病的急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的颈内动脉狭窄的特点。方法对经颅多普勒或CT血管成像检查出颈内动脉狭窄的54例伴2型糖尿病的ACI患者进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,并对结果进行分析。结果本组54例患者DSA检查均发现颈内动脉狭窄。单支血管狭窄发生率为42.6%(23/54),明显低于多支血管狭窄(57.4%,31/54)(P<0.05)。颈内动脉重、中度狭窄的比例(20.3%,18.8%)明显低于轻度狭窄(53.9%),明显高于血管闭塞(7.0%)(均P<0.05)。颈内动脉C4处狭窄的比例(18.8%)明显低于C1处(60.9%),明显高于C2、C3、C5、C6和C7处(1.6%~6.2%)(均P<0.05)。结论伴2型糖尿病的ACI患者颈内动脉狭窄多为多支血管狭窄,狭窄程度以轻度为主,狭窄部位以C1狭窄最常见。     

颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗颈内动脉重度狭窄

目的 探讨颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术在颈内动脉重度狭窄治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年5月至2018年11月在我院神经外科实施颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术治疗的40例颈内动脉重度狭窄的临床资料。所有病人经颈动脉超声多普勒、头颈部CTA或DSA诊断为颈内动脉重度狭窄。结果 所有病人均顺利完成手术,术后无脑梗死、死亡。1例术后出现短暂性脑缺血发作,4 h内恢复;1例有鼻咽癌放疗史,术后吻合口渗血,经二次手术后完全恢复。术后随访1~20个月,所有病人血管通畅、狭窄解除,无脑血管事件发生。结论 颈动脉内膜斑块剥脱术是治疗颈内动脉重度狭窄简单、安全、有效的方法,对防治缺血性脑卒中有重要意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的治疗

卒中与颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的程度具有显著关系，如果狭窄的颈动脉存在形态不稳定的斑块及溃疡型斑块，发生卒中的危险性明显增高。多项大规模临床试验已证实颈动脉内膜切除术（carotid endarterectomy，CEA）是颈动脉狭窄的有效治疗方法，能显著降低术后几年内发生卒中的危险。近20年来，随着血管介入技术的发展，以经皮血管成形术（percutaneous transluminal angioplasty，PTA）和颈动脉支架置入术（carotid artery stent placement，CASP）为代表的微侵袭治疗已广泛应用于临床治疗。