托吡酯单药治疗小儿癫痫53例临床报告

目的　研究托吡酯对各型小儿癫痫单药治疗的效果和不良反应。方法　对 53例符合癫痫诊断标准的患儿进行托吡酯单药治疗 ,观察疗效。结果　 53例癫痫患儿总有效率为 84.9% ,平均剂量范围为 5～ 1 0mg (kg·d)。副作用轻微。结论　托吡酯是一种广谱、有效而安全的新型抗癫痫药物 ,可作为小儿癫痫治疗的一线药物     

托吡酯治疗癫痫146例长期随访观察

目的探讨托吡酯(TPM)单药及合并用药治疗各种类型癫痫的临床疗效、不良反应及用药方法。方法采用自身对照方法,对146例各种类型的癫痫患者进行TPM单药(65例),合并用药(81例)治疗。TPM从小剂量开始,起始量儿童体重<20kg者为6.25mg/d,≥20kg者为12.5mg/d,成人为25mg/d,根据病情及不良反应,调整用药剂量。结果单药治疗组有效率为87.7%,合并用药组有效率为80.2%,总平均有效率为83.6%。不良反应多发生在加量期,其中单药治疗组低于合并用药组,差异有显著性。结论TPM是一种广谱有效及安全的新型抗癫痫药,可作为一线抗癫痫药,使用过程中应注意个人化原则。     

托吡酯治疗儿童癫痫81例疗效观察

对 8 1例儿童癫痫应用托吡酯添加或单药治疗 ,以评价其疗效和安全性。起始剂量为每天 0 .5～ 1 mg/ kg,每日 1次。目标剂量每天 4～ 8mg/ kg,分两次给药。随访时间 :3～ 8个月 ,添加治疗 51例 ,单药治疗 3 0例。结果 :托吡酯对各型癫痫均有效 ,总有效率为76% ,单药治疗与添加治疗疗效比较无显著差异 ( P<0 .0 5) ,其副作用在 1 6%左右 ,均在加量期出现 ,多为一过性。仅有 2例依从性差而退出治疗。提示 :托吡酯是一种安全、有效、广谱的抗癫痫药物 ,值得在临床推广应用。     

托吡酯预防儿童癫痫脑损伤的临床研究

目的 观察托吡酯治疗儿童各型癫痫及预防癫痫脑损伤的疗效.方法 对326例确诊为癫痫患儿进行托吡酯单药治疗,初始剂量0.5～1mg/(kg·d),每7天加量1次,每次加药量0.5～1mg/(kg·d),目标剂量2～4mg/(kg·d),加量期为4～8周,West及Lennox-Gastau综合征用至30 mg/(kg·d),随访观察2年比较用药前后癫痫发作频率、动态脑电图变化并监测药物不良反应.结果 托吡酯治疗儿童各种类型癫痫具有良好的效果,总有效率达到85.0%,对于部分性发作的疗效最佳,其中简单部分性发作为98.2%、复杂部分性发作为95.0%,部分性继发全面性发作有效率86.8%,强直-阵挛性发作有效率86.6%;治疗前脑电图异常271例,治疗2年后脑电图异常减少至87例,说明脑电图明显恢复;不良反应105例,占32.2%,其中87例为很轻微的不良反应,无严重不良反应.结论 托吡酯单药治疗各型儿童癫痫疗效好,脑电图恢复理想,不良反应轻微.     

托吡酯治疗小儿癫痫的疗效观察

目的观察新型抗癫痫药托吡酯治疗小儿癫痫的远期疗效及安全性。方法选择符合1991年国际抗癫痫协会制定的分类标准,且脑电图有明确的痫样放电波的癫痫患儿64例,从加药剂量到目标剂量缓慢加药,开始量为1mg／（kg·d）,每周加量0．5—1mg／（kg·d）,直到目标剂量（4—8）mg／（kg·d）,此后维持此剂量,并酌情调整。连续服药1年以上,以癫痫发作减少次数作为评定疗效。结果癫痫缓解的有效率为79．7％,副作用包括厌食、嗜睡、少汗、感觉异常等,停药后可自行消失。结论托吡酯治疗不同类型小儿癫痫的疗效肯定,副作用轻微。     

托吡酯治疗癫痫49例临床观察

目的 :观察单纯及联合应用托吡酯治疗各种类型癫痫的临床疗效、药物耐受性、用药方法、剂量及副作用。方法 :选择 4 9例癫痫病人 ,采用托吡酯单独及联合治疗。经 8周加量期和 12周稳定期观察后进行评价。结果 :总有效率 91.8%和完全控制率 71.4 %。联合治疗组与单独治疗组有效率分别为 96 .6 %和 81.3% ;控制率分别为 71.9%和 6 8.8%。结论 :托吡酯适用于成人与小儿的各种类型癫痫 ,至于选择单药治疗还是联合治疗应综合年龄、病程、基础发作频率等多种因素。副作用多为一过性 ,不需特殊处置     

托吡酯单药方案治疗小儿癫痫临床观察

目的　观察托吡酯单药方案治疗小儿癫痫的疗效及安全性。方法　将 10 0例初次诊断为癫痫的患儿随机分为两组 ,托吡酯单药组 5 2例 ,托吡酯作为添加剂的联合用药组 48例。两组用药剂量及方法一致 ,从小剂量开始 ,第 1周 0 5mg/(kg·d) ,第 2周起视病情每 5～ 10d增加 0 5～ 1mg/(kg·d) ,最大剂量不超过 8mg/(kg·d) ,2次 /d。结果　治疗后单药组完全控制 32例 ,显效 6例 ,有效 5例 ,无效 9例 ,总有效率 83 % ;联合用药组完全控制 2 7例 ,显效 11例 ,有效 5例 ,无效 5例 ,总有效率 90 %。两组总有效率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。两组不良作用差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　托吡酯单药治疗小儿癫痫疗效较肯定 ,未出现严重的副作用     

托吡酯单药和添加治疗儿童癫疒间的效果

目的：观察托吡酯对儿童各型癫痫的临床疗效和安全性。方法：对69例癫痫患儿进行了添加及首次诊断单药托吡酯治疗。以应用托吡酯前3个月的发作频率或月发作≥2次发作频率为基准，与应用托吡酯达到目标剂量后的月平均发作频率进行比较，计算有效率百分比。结果：托吡酯治疗各型儿童癫痫的总有效率为85．5％，单药治疗组完全控制率56．5％，添加组完全控制率47．8％。不良反应发生率为33．3％。除2例发作增多外，大部分不良反应轻微。结论：托吡酯对儿童多种类型癫痫有良好疗效，安全性高，可以作为儿童癫痫一线治疗药物。     

托吡酯治疗难治性癫痫的近期临床疗效研究

目的探讨托吡酯对难治性癫痫的近期临床疗效和不良事件的发生。方法对51例难治性癫痫患者,采取原抗癫痫药物不变加用托吡酯治疗13周后停去原抗癫痫药改为单用托吡酯治疗。结果加用托吡酯治疗难治性癫痫总有效率为80.4%,单用托吡酯治疗难治性癫痫总有效率为82.4%(P>0.05),对各型难治性癫痫均有效。托吡酯起效时间在4～8周(有效率达70.6%)。副作用发生率为15.7%,而且较轻。结论托吡酯治疗难治性癫痫疗效好,无耐药性,不良事件发生少,是一种广谱的抗癫痫药,托吡酯可作为单药治疗难治性癫痫。     

托吡酯单药治疗儿童失神癫痫的疗效分析

目的观察托吡酯单药治疗儿童失神癫痫的临床疗效和副作用。方法将符合诊断条件的患儿随机分为托吡酯治疗组38例和丙戊酸治疗组36例,托吡酯治疗组均采用托吡酯单药治疗,目标剂量（4—8）mg／（kg&#183;d）;丙戊酸治疗组采用丙戊酸钠单药治疗,目标剂量为（20～40）mg／（kg&#183;d）。比较两组在临床疗效和副作用方面的差异。结果托吡酯治疗组38例中完全控制20例,显效5例,有效2例,总有效率为71．05％;丙戊酸治疗组36例中完全控制24例,显效2例,有效3例,总有效率为80．55％,经t检验统计学处理,两组在疗效上比较无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。毒副作用方面：托吡酯治疗组38例患儿中6例出现不良反应,占15．79％;而丙戊酸组36例患儿中有12例出现副作用,占33．33％,经t检验统计学处理,两组在毒副作用方面比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论托吡酯治疗CAE与传统药丙戊酸比较疗效相近,且无明显毒副作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.