促红细胞生成素/神经生长因子对大鼠压迫性损伤后背根神经节细胞的影响

目的:观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)/神经生长因子(NGF)对慢性压迫中的大鼠背根神经节(DRG)细胞的影响。方法:暴露大鼠多节段DRG,行慢性压迫造模型,并分离DRG,模型组分离的DRG细胞给予外源EPO或NGF,台盼蓝染色检测细胞存活率,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,免疫荧光法检测Bcl-2和Bax表达,荧光探针法检测活性氧(ROS)活性,ELISA法检测炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IFN-γ的水平。结果:EPO或NGF可减轻DRG细胞的损伤和凋亡,下调促凋亡因子Bax的表达,并上调抗凋亡因子Bcl-2的表达,降低ROS活性。结论:EPO和NGF有利于受损的DRG细胞抗炎和抗氧化作用。     

鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用

目的:研究丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫大鼠的的镇痛效果及大鼠脊髓背角内半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的影响.方法:检测大鼠在手术前及术后14d的机械痛阈和热痛阈;PCR及免疫组织化学分别检测大鼠脊髓背角内caspase-3和GFAP基因及蛋白的表达,TUNEL法检测脊髓背角内的细胞凋亡.结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显降低,caspase3和GFAP的表达均增多,凋亡染色阳性细胞数目也增多;与模型组比较,丹参酮ⅡA处理组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显升高,脊髓背角内caspase-3和GFAP的表达均下降,凋亡染色阳性细胞数目也减少,差异均有统计学意义.结论:鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫模型大鼠有镇痛作用,其机制可能与降低脊髓背角内caspase-3和GFAP的表达有关.     

大鼠DRG内ClC-3敲减导致的TNF-α/IL-10失衡对电压门控性钠通道表达和机械痛敏的影响

目的:研究敲减大鼠背根神经节(DRG)内ClC-3氯通道/反向转运体对神经元电压门控性钠通道表达和大鼠机械痛敏的影响及机制。方法:成年SD大鼠鞘内注射ClC-3 shRNA腺相关病毒(AAV-ClC-3 shRNA)以敲减DRG内ClC-3的表达,RT-qPCR、免疫荧光染色和Western blot从mRNA和蛋白水平检测ClC-3、细胞因子和电压门控性钠通道表达的变化,用up-down方法检测机械痛敏。结果:鞘内注射AAV-ClC-3 shRNA后DRG组织ClC-3的表达下调,大鼠出现机械触诱发痛。敲减DRG组织ClC-3的表达可致电压门控性钠通道Nav1. 3、Nav1. 7、Nav1. 8和Nav1. 9的表达增加。敲减DRG组织ClC-3的表达可提高肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,降低白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平。结论:大鼠DRG内ClC-3下调导致TNF-α/IL-10失衡,进而增加电压门控性钠通道Nav1. 3、Nav1. 7、Nav1. 8和Nav1. 9表达,增强神经组织兴奋性,最终导致机械痛敏。     

鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体表达的影响

目的:研究丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角内N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体2B亚基(NR2B)表达的影响,探讨丹参酮ⅡA的镇痛机制。方法:SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组。模型组又分为生理盐水组和处理组。模型组在手术当日及术后每日在大鼠鞘内注射生理盐水0.1 ml和丹参酮ⅡA 20 mg/kg,连续注射14 d。检测各组大鼠在手术前及术后14 d的机械痛阈和热痛阈;术后第14天,免疫组织化学检测大鼠脊髓背角内NR2B的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,生理盐水组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显降低,NR2B的表达增多;与生理盐水组比较,处理组的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显升高,脊髓背角内NR2B的表达下降,差异均有统计学意义。结论:鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用可能与降低脊髓背角内NR2B的表达有关。     

鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角CHOP的影响

目的 :研究丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)和caspase-3表达的影响,探讨丹参酮ⅡA的镇痛机制。方法 :SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组。模型组又分为生理盐水组和处理组,分别在手术当日及术后每日鞘内注射生理盐水0.1 ml和丹参酮ⅡA 20 mg/kg,连续注射14 d。检测各组大鼠在手术前及术后14 d的机械痛阈和热痛阈;术后第14天,免疫荧光组织化学检测大鼠脊髓背角内CHOP和caspase-3的表达。结果 :与假手术组比较,生理盐水组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈降低,CHOP和caspase-3的表达增多;与生理盐水组比较,处理组的机械痛阈和热痛阈升高,脊髓背角内CHOP和caspase-3的表达下降,差异均有统计学意义。结论 :鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用可能与降低脊髓背角内CHOP的表达有关。     

NF-κB在糖尿病性神经痛中的作用及机制

 目的:探讨NF-κB在糖尿病神经痛中的作用及机制。方法:用腹腔注射链脲霉素（streptozocin, STZ）的方法复制大鼠糖尿病模型;痛行为学方法检测大鼠双侧后肢机械性撤足阈值和热撤足阈值;Western blotting方法检测大鼠脊髓L4和L5 背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion, DRG）中p-NF-κB和t-NF-κB的表达。免疫组织化学方法检测抑制NF-κB对糖尿病性神经痛大鼠脊髓L4和L5 DRG中钠通道Nav1.7表达的影响。结果:注射STZ后第4周,大鼠双侧下肢机械性撤足阈值和热撤足阈值均明显下降,持续至术后12周;糖尿病性神经痛大鼠L4和L5 DRG中p-NF-κB表达明显增加,鞘内注射NF-κB抑制剂PDTC可明显抑制糖尿病性神经痛大鼠L4和L5 DRG中p-NF-κB和Nav1.7的表达上调,大鼠后肢痛觉过敏现象也明显减轻。结论: L4和L5 DRG中p-NF-κB表达上调与糖尿病性神经痛的产生密切相关,抑制NF-κB活化可以阻断Nav1.7的表达上调并且改善大鼠痛觉过敏的症状。     

鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角内磷酸化p38MAPK的影响

目的:研究丹参酮ⅡA(TSA)对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛大鼠脊髓背角内磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p-p38MAPK)表达的影响,探讨丹参酮ⅡA的镇痛机制。方法:SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)和模型组。模型组又分为生理盐水组(NS组)和处理组(TSA组)。模型组在手术当日及术后每日鞘内注射生理盐水0.1 ml和丹参酮ⅡA20 mg/kg,连续注射10 d。检测各组大鼠在手术前及术后10 d的机械痛阈和热痛阈;术后第10天,免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印迹检测大鼠脊髓背角内p-p38MAPK的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,生理盐水组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显降低,p-p38MAPK的表达增多;与生理盐水组比较,处理组的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显升高,脊髓背角内p-p38MAPK的表达下降,差异均有统计学意义。结论:鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫性痛模型大鼠的镇痛作用可能与降低脊髓背角内p-p38MAPK的表达有关。     

TNF-α在CCD模型大鼠背根神经节中的表达及机制

目的:探讨TNF-α和NF-κB在背根神经节慢性压迫(CCD)模型大鼠背根神经节(DRG)中的表达变化及其对疼痛学行为的影响。方法:建立CCD大鼠模型,采用von Frey纤维丝监测机械痛阈的改变;通过Western blotting检测TNF-α和NF-κB在DRG中的表达变化趋势,分析其与疼痛行为之间的相关性;并采用免疫荧光双染技术研究TNF-α在DRG中的表达位置。结果:CCD组的50%机械缩足阈值在术后1 d即开始明显下降(P0.01),7~14 d达到高峰,其后逐渐上升,直至术后35 d仍明显低于术前及sham组(P0.01)。而DRG上的TNF-α及NF-κB于造模后各时点均显著增多(P0.01),且TNF-α的表达趋势与50%机械缩足阈值显著相关(P0.05)。结论:DRG慢性压迫可促进其上的TNF-α和NF-κB的合成和分泌,进而诱发机械痛觉过敏。因此,TNF-α/NF-κB信号通路可能是CCD模型疼痛形成的重要通路之一。     

多节段背根节慢性压迫大鼠机械触刺激诱发痛镜像痛的外周机制

目的:研究多节段背根节慢性压迫(chronic compression of multiple dorsal root ganglia,CCD)大鼠机械触刺激诱发痛镜像痛的外周机制。方法:制作单侧L3-L5 CCD模型大鼠,并应用von Frey filaments检测双侧机械触刺激诱发痛行为,利用免疫组织化学方法检测该模型大鼠同侧及对侧DRG大中型和小型神经元中与痛觉信息传递相关的神经肽-降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)的表达情况。结果:CCD大鼠表现出明显双侧机械触刺激诱发痛行为;免疫组织化学结果显示,CCD模型大鼠同侧及对侧DRG大和中等大小神经元内,CGRP的表达与正常组大鼠DRG神经元比较有明显升高(P<0.05),而同侧及对侧DRG小神经元,CGRP的表达与正常组大鼠DRG神经元比较无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:CCD模型大鼠双侧DRG内传递痛觉信息的神经肽CGRP表达升高,提示外周双侧DRG神经元内CGRP的可塑性变化可能参与多节段CCD模型大鼠机械触刺激诱发痛镜像痛的发生。     

鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫大鼠脊髓背角c-fos表达的影响

目的研究丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫大鼠脊髓背角内c-fos蛋白的表达,探讨丹参酮ⅡA(TanshinoneⅡA,TSA)的镇痛机制。方法 30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组,n=10)和模型组(n=20)。模型组又分为生理盐水组(NS组)和处理组(TSA组,n=10)。模型组在手术当日及术后每日在模型大鼠鞘内注射生理盐水0.1 m L和丹参酮ⅡA20 mg/kg,连续注射14 d。检测各组大鼠在手术前及术后14 d的机械痛阈和热痛阈;术后第14天,免疫组织化学法检测大鼠脊髓背角内c-fos的表达。结果与假手术组比较,生理盐水组大鼠的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显降低,c-fos的表达增多;与生理盐水组比较,处理组的机械痛阈和热痛阈明显升高,脊髓背角内c-fos的表达下降,差异均有明显统计学意义。结论鞘内注射丹参酮ⅡA对坐骨神经慢性压迫模型大鼠的镇痛作用可能与降低脊髓背角内c-fos的表达有关。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995