研究生罹患精神疾病的调查

目的：首次比较准确地评价在读研究生群体罹患精神疾病情况，同时对其患病影响因素进行了初步分析。方法：采取整群随机抽样的办法对828名研究生进行精神疾病调查，采取病例对照研究分析了性别等6种因素对研究生神经症的影响。结果：研究生精神疾病患病率11．47％；研究生最常见精神疾病是神经症（8．57％）、心因性障碍（1．81％）和人格障碍（0．60％）；研究生神经症最常见亚型是强迫症（3．50％）、神经衰弱（2．66％）和恐怖症（0．72％）；男生（OR＝2．53）、非独生子女（OR＝2．32）和工学专业（OR＝2．20）是研究生神经症的危险因素，医学专业（OR＝0．40）是保护因素。结论：有1／10以上的研究生患有精神疾病，他们的心理健康状况需要高度重视；研究生精神疾病的患病情况和危险因素有群体自身的特点。     

开展社区干预对重性精神疾病患者早期治疗的影响

目的分析开展社区干预对重性精神疾病患者早期治疗的影响。方法2008年在新会区多个社区和人群开展社区干预后,比较2008与2007年首次入住我院的新会区重性精神疾病患者的病程、治疗效果、住院日及住院费。结果2008年我院新会区病程为1年内重性精神疾病患者比例（40．56％）高于2007年（20．23％）;2008年我院新会区首次住院重性精神疾病患者临床治愈率（45．99％）高于2007（29．17％）年,住院日及住院费低于2007年。结论新会区社区干预模式值得推广和深入开展。     

绵阳市游仙区农村重性精神疾病线索调查

目的调查西部经济欠发达地区农村重性精神疾病的肇事肇祸及其治疗状况．方法根据线索对绵阳市游仙区农村546例重性精神疾病患者进行调查．结果绵阳市游仙区农村重性精神疾病患者的肇事肇祸率达100％，肇事肇祸严重，诸如杀人、纵火、严重扰乱社会治安的肇事肇祸行为发生率高，自伤及自杀行为明显；从未就医者为20％；未住院者为43％；10年中未正规治疗的重性精神疾病患者占75％。结论西部经济欠发达地区的农村重性精神疾病的肇事肇祸发生率高，其治疗状况不容乐观。     

佛山市顺德区重性精神疾病患者肇事肇祸情况调查

目的了解佛山市顺德区重性精神疾病患者的肇事肇祸等情况。方法对登记在册的4107例重性精神疾病患者进行一般信息统计和基础情况调查,评估其危险性,了解其肇事肇祸情况。结果4107例重性精神疾病患者中,肇事肇祸患者共962例（23％）,肇事肇祸患者以精神分裂症（62％）最多见,并且具有男性（63．7％）为多、未婚和丧偶较多、经济状况较差、服药依从性差和阳性家族史较多的特点。结论要重视重性精神疾病患者的药物治疗,并建立有效的社区干预模式。     

上海某社区老年高血压病合并2型糖尿病者抑郁状况及相关因素调查

目的：探讨高血压病合并2型糖尿病者的抑郁状况及相关影响因素.方法调查2014年3月~12月上海龙华社区60岁以上高血压病和(或)糖尿病患者1189例,采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ－9)筛查有无抑郁症状并运用美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册标准第四版(DSM－Ⅳ)作出诊断,采用 Logistic 分析可能影响抑郁的因素.结果高血压病共病糖尿病者的抑郁障碍发生率为26.4％,阈下抑郁为42．2％,均明显高于高血压病组(20．3％和29．1％)和糖尿病组(18．0％和30．9％),差异有统计学意义(P ＜0．05);有并发症(OR ＝2．715,95％ CI ＝1．802~4．924)、血糖控制不佳(OR ＝2.045,95％ CI ＝1．754~6．378)、血压控制不佳(OR ＝1．704,95％ CI ＝1．537~4．758)、女性(OR ＝1．383,95％ CI ＝0．998~1．916)是高血压病共病糖尿病患者发生抑郁的危险因素(P ＜0．05).结论高血压病共病糖尿病患者具有较高的抑郁发生率,危险因素包括并发症、血糖/血压控制不良及女性.     

缺血性脑卒中患者发生早期神经功能恶化的相关因素分析

目的：探讨缺血性脑卒中患者发生早期神经功能恶化（END）的相关因素。方法对2009‐08－2013‐12收治的96例缺血性脑卒中的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中发生END 27例,发生率为28.1％,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析患者的性别、年龄等因素与END发生的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,2组高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动、颈动脉狭窄≥50％比例、白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、D‐二聚体、NIHSS评分及凝血酶原时间比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与END发生相关的危险因素为高血压（OR＝2.171,95％ CI＝1.08～4.361,P＝0.029）、糖尿病（OR＝3.842,95％ CI＝1.638～9.012,P＝0.002）、心房颤动（OR＝6.573,95％ CI＝1.073～40.286,P＝0.041）、颈动脉狭窄≥50％（OR＝4.242,95％ CI＝0.762～23.617,P＝0.099）和 NIHSS 评分（OR＝3.629,95％ CI＝0.795～16.577,P＝0.096）。结论入院时有高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动、颈动脉狭窄和高NIHSS评分的急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床更易发生END。     

农村重性精神疾病患者肇事肇祸情况调查

目的：了解农村重性精神疾病患者肇事肇祸情况。方法：从已登记的1427例农村重性精神疾病患者中调查有无肇事肇祸情况。结果：1427例中有肇事肇祸患者308例（21.6%）,其中以精神分裂症最多1067例（74.8%）。肇事肇祸的发生率与患者的性别、文化程度、诊断、监护人、病程、住院次数和服药依从性等有关。结论：对农村重性精神疾病患者的监护和治疗工作应引起充分重视。     

山东省大学生自杀行为与攻击性人格、生活事件的相关性

目的：了解攻击性人格、生活事件对大学生自杀行为的影响，为大学生自杀预防提供理论依据。方法采用统一的调查量表并采取分层整群随机抽样方法，对山东省内12所高校的1050名在校大学生进行问卷调查，使用 SPSS 21．0统计软件包对调查数据进行统计处理。结果对山东省12所高校在校大学生进行问卷调查，共收回有效问卷991份，有过自杀行为者29（2．9％）人。通过分析发现攻击性人格、负性生活事件对有过自杀行为的大学生有影响。通过 Logistic 回归分析发现独生子女（OR ＝4．17，95％ CI ＝1．04～5．78）、单亲（OR ＝9．71，95％ CI ＝2．06～23．82）、言语攻击性（OR ＝3.99，95％ CI ＝0．72～1．00）、指向自我的攻击性（OR ＝8．85，95％ CI ＝1．08～1．46）是大学生自杀的危险因素。结论有过自杀行为的大学生更趋向于攻击性人格，遭遇了更多的负性生活事件，大学生自杀行为的危险因素有：独生子女、单亲、言语攻击性、指向自我的攻击性。     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者颅内出血的危险因素分析

目的除了合并皮层静脉引流这一危险因素之外,目前尚无其他因素被公认是硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）患者颅内出血的独立危险因素。本研究的目的在于通过单因素和多因素分析,阐明DAVF患者颅内出血的危险因素。方法回顾分析2007年1月～2012年12月第二军医大学长海医院临床神经医学中心收治的190例DAVF患者。其中颅内出血60例,非出血表现130例。收集临床和影像学资料,提取人口学特征、临床表现类型、血管构筑学特征等参数,对比不同表现DAVF在上述参数上的差异,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果Logistic回归分析发现颅内出血发病的危险因素为瘘口位于大静脉窦区（OR4．296,95％CI：1．126-16．393,P=0．033）,Borden分级Ⅱ级（OR3．852,95％CI：1．123～13．207。P=0．032）和Ⅲ级（OR14．070．95％CI：2．741～72．237,P=0．002）。结论瘘口位于大静脉窦区,引流方式为BordenⅡ级和Ⅲ级是DAVF患者发生颅内出血的独立危险因素。     

症状性颈动脉狭窄对急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期生存状况的影响

目的：探讨症状性颈动脉狭窄对急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期生存状况的影响。方法根据血管影像学结果，252例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为3组，重度狭窄组32例，中度狭窄组38例以及轻度或无狭窄组182例，观察发病3个月内NIHSS评分及BI评分变化、有无卒中复发、癫痫样发作、死亡。结果与中度狭窄组比较，重度狭窄组患者神经功能恶化（OR＝2.058，95％CI0.771～6.011，P＝0.000）、生活受限更严重（OR＝2.405，95％CI1.011～5.618，P＝0.000），死亡风险升高（OR＝2.587，95％CI0.483～14.017，P＝0.000）；与轻度或无狭窄组比较，重度狭窄组神经功能进一步恶化（OR＝10.389，95％CI4.438～24.317，P＝0.000），生活受限更重（OR＝3.211，95％CI1.691～6.134，P＝0.000），死亡风险更高（OR＝4.182，95％CI1.363～12.805，P＝0.000）。结论症状性颈动脉狭窄是急性缺血性脑卒中患者近期生存状况不佳的独立危险因素，可导致神经功能恶化、生活严重受限、死亡风险升高，应采取早期干预措施。     

深圳市社区严重精神障碍不服药患者发生暴力行为的影响因素分析

目的分析深圳市社区严重精神障碍不服药患者暴力行为发生的相关因素。方法利用深圳市精神卫生防治工作信息管理系统收集严重精神障碍患者个案资料和随访资料,描述分析不服药患者暴力行为的发生现状,应用Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。结果3163例社区严重精神障碍不服药患者中9.1%(288/3163)的患者发生暴力行为。多元Logisitic回归分析显示,急性起病(OR=1.589,95%CI 1.181~2.139)为暴力行为发生的危险因素;有共同居住者(OR=0.596,95%CI 0.410~0.867)、精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍(OR=0.432,95%CI 0.199~0.938)、申请监护补助(OR=0.440,95%CI 0.319~0.606)、签约家庭医师服务(OR=0.642,95%CI 0.492~0.838)和社区面访(OR1-2次=0.633,95%CI 0.466~0.861;OR3-4次=0.546,95%CI 0.368~0.811)为暴力行为发生的保护因素。结论急性起病的严重精神障碍不服药患者暴力行为发生率较高。提升社区精神卫生综合服务水平,制定有针对性的干预措施,有助于降低社区严重精神障碍不服药患者暴力行为的发生。     

常德地区严重精神障碍患者暴力攻击行为研究

目的了解常德市严重精神障碍患者的暴力攻击行为现状,探索暴力攻击行为的危险因素,为优化对这一人群的管控策略提供参考。方法于2017年7月-12月,在常德市康复医院接受暴力危险性评估的2 362例疑似精神障碍患者中,采用Excel生成随机整数的方式,随机选出790名被试,并将其中757例符合入组标准的患者纳入本研究,收集其一般人口学资料和临床资料,并进行修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)评定。将MOAS加权总分≥5分者定义为研究组(n=505),MOAS加权总分5分者定义为对照组(n=252),比较两组一般人口学资料和临床资料,采用二元Logistic回归分析探索暴力攻击行为的独立相关因素。结果研究组中男性、年龄相对较小、单身、近半年无业、不(规律)服药、存在被关锁情况、伴有反社会人格特征者所占比例高于对照组(P0.05或0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,不(规律)服药(OR=2.659,95%CI:1.892～3.738)、年龄≤30岁(OR=1.845,95%CI:1.163～2.926)、男性(OR=1.486,95%CI:1.085～2.036)、无业(OR=1.621,95%CI:1.069～2.457)与高暴力攻击风险呈独立正相关(P0.05或0.01)。结论常德市严重精神障碍患者发生暴力攻击行为的危险因素主要包括不(规律)服药、年龄≤30岁、男性、无业。     

Mental health of two communities of Japanese-Brazilians: a comparative study in Japan and in Brazil

The aim of the present study was to assess the mental health status of Japanese-Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan and compare the findings with the Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru, Brazil. A comparative community-based mental health survey was conducted from November 1997 to April 1999 on a randomly selected sample of Brazilians of Japanese descent living in Bauru, Brazil (n=213) and on the entire Brazilian community of Kiyoharadai, Utsunomiya, Japan (n=158), using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Analysis was done by chi2, Fisher and multiple logistic regression. Scores indicating probable cases of minor psychiatric disorders, were found in 3.2% of the community in Bauru city and 17.8% (OR=7.01) of the community in Kiyoharadai. The sociodemographic data indicated that those with high SRQ-20 scores were most likely to be female (OR=2.98), smokers (OR=2.76), and those whose former occupation was student when living in Brazil (OR=9.57). The mental health status of the Japanese-Brazilians living in Kiyoharadai, Japan is significantly worse than that of the community living in Bauru, Brazil, particularly among women, smokers and those who were students when living in Brazil. Further research concerning the mental health of this community is necessary and assistance provided.     

雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者现状研究

目的了解雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者的现况,为改进雅安市严重精神障碍管理治疗工作提出可行性建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取雅安市纳入社区管理的严重精神障碍患者1 002例,采用重性精神疾病管理随访表调查患者规范管理情况、服药情况、居家稳定情况以及肇事肇祸情况。结果完成有效问卷803份,雅安市社区在管严重精神障碍患者规范管理率为93. 03%(95%CI:91. 30%~94. 80%),服药率为65. 13%(95%CI:61. 80%~68. 40%),规律服药率为50. 44%(95%CI:47. 00%~53. 90%),居家稳定率为90. 78%(95%CI:88. 80%~92. 80%)。肇事肇祸发生率为4. 61%(95%CI:3. 20%~6. 10%)。结论雅安市严重精神障碍患者规范管理率、规律服药率达到国家标准,服药率尚未达到国家标准,居家稳定率较高,肇事肇祸率较低。     

Use of mental health resources in the treatment of adult out-patients with no diagnosable mental disorders

Comparisons of adult out-patients diagnosed with V-code conditions and those with mental disorders were conducted in a number of areas related to patient and treatment characteristics. Data were collected from three community mental health centres over a 6-year period (n= 7220) in a semirural region of Nova Scotia, Canada. V-code patients represented approximately one-third of the psychiatric out-patient admissions in these centres. Comparisons of the two patient groups indicated that V-code patients were of a higher socio-economic status than patients diagnosed with mental disorders. The difficulties of patients with V-code conditions appeared to be less severe than those of patients with mental disorders. However, patients with V-code conditions consumed comparable treatment resources to patients with mental disorders. Both groups of patients were evaluated by their therapists as experiencing similar levels of improvement during the course of treatment. The implications of these findings for more efficient use of resources in community mental health centres are discussed.     

Morbidity associated with sleep disorders in primary care: a longitudinal cohort study

Objective: Few epidemiologic studies evaluate the relative contribution of different risk factors on sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to assess demographics, comorbid characteristics, and health outcomes in patients with sleep disorders.Method: A population-based cohort study with nested case-control analysis was conducted in adults using the U.K. General Practice Research Database. Information was collected for 12,437 patients with a new sleep disorder diagnosis during the year 1996 and 18,350 age- and sex-matched controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: The incidence of a new sleep disorder diagnosis was 12.5 per 1000 person-years. There was a clear association of sleep disorders with smoking and excessive alcohol consumption; prior psychiatric disorders, including stress (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.9 to 4.4) and depression (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.8 to 3.3); prior circulatory diseases, including heart failure (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4 to 2.2) and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.6); and prior gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesopha-geal reflux disease (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.7) and irritable bowel syndrome (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.9). Use of hypnotics and anti-depressants was increased in the year after diagnosis. Relative 1-year mortality risk was 3-fold higher in the sleep disorder group than in controls, with a noticeably higher proportion of deaths due to suicide.Conclusion: The fact that sleep disorders were associated with several morbidities, most strongly with psychiatric disorders as well as with increased mortality, underscores the importance of sleep problems as indicators of health status.     

精神疾病共病高血压病的调查

目的 调查精神疾病患者共病高血压病的现状,探讨相关的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析河北医科大学第一医院精神卫生科住院的精神疾病患者,采用自制量表调查所有患者共病高血压病的情况,分析精神疾病共病高血压病的危险因素.结果 (1)2770例患者中,男性1234例(44.5%),女性1536例(55.5%);其中共病高血压病者528例(19.1%).(2)不同精神疾病患者共病高血压病的比例:精神分裂症10.6%,双相障碍10.7%,抑郁症24.7%,焦虑障碍29.0%,应激障碍20.0%,器质性精神疾病41.8%,其他19.8%;各组间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=124.90,P<0.01).(3)年龄大、精神疾病的病程长、患器质性精神疾病是精神疾病共病高血压病的危险因素.结论 综合医院精神科住院患者共病高血压病的比例为19.1%,其中器质性疾病共病高血压病的比例最高,精神分裂症和双相障碍患者共病高血压病的比例最低.     

Obesity and associated complications in patients with severe mental illnesses: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: This naturalistic cross-sectional survey of patients with severe mental illnesses explores the association between important variables and obesity, extreme obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in the clinical environment. METHOD: Weight and height were obtained from 560 patients with severe mental illnesses (including DSM-IV schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) at central Kentucky inpatient and outpatient facilities to estimate their body mass index (BMI). Chart diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were obtained. RESULTS: When comparing the patients with severe mental illnesses with Kentucky adults from the general population, the odds ratio (OR) of obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2 to 3.0), and the OR of diabetes mellitus was 2.9 (95% CI = 2.3 to 3.6). Female gender, African American race, early start of psychiatric medication, and long psychiatric medication duration were significantly associated with obesity. Current alcohol and nicotine use exhibited significant ORs of obesity lower than 1, particularly in males. Obesity was closely associated with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. These complications were closely associated with each other and may indicate a further progression of obesity after aging. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a complex pattern of variables that may influence the development of obesity and its complications in patients with severe mental illnesses, but they need replication. The major factors associated with obesity appear to be a long-term illness or treatment duration and substance use. The former may be more important in females, while the latter may be more important in males. Clinical diagnoses (schizophrenic or mood disorders) or current treatment did not appear to be fundamental factors.     

北京市某区266例社区严重精神障碍患者及疑似患者应急医疗处置情况分析

目的了解北京市某区社区严重精神障碍患者及疑似患者应急医疗处置情况,并分析其相关因素。方法收集北京市某区2017年-2018年266例有危险行为的精神障碍患者应急医疗处置的基本信息,包括疾病病种、处置缘由、处置措施、应急医疗处置信息来源等,并对应急医疗处置案例的相关因素进行分析。结果应急医疗处置发生时,在档患者208例(78.2%),非在档疑似患者58例(21.8%)。应急医疗处置后,有26例(44.8%)非在档疑似患者明确诊断,纳入社区管理;存在危害公共安全或他人安全风险的131例(49.2%);采取紧急住院治疗141例(53.0%);危险性评级1级122例(45.9%);不同性别的患者危险性评级差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.837,P<0.05),3~5级危险性评级中男性占比更多;病情复发、精神状况恶化117例(44.0%);由患者家属提出应急医疗处置需求的最多,为138例(51.9%)。结论男性、青壮年、精神分裂症患者及疑似患者是应急医疗处置的主要相关因素。处置缘由以存在危害公共安全或他人安全的风险为主。