单侧有多种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱患者双侧关节锥形束CT对比研究

目的:探讨单侧有多种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者双侧颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)在锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)成像上可能存在差异的参考层面,为TMD诊断和对比研究提供参考.方法:选取仅一侧TMJ有多种症状的TMD患者(不含仅有一种症状的病例)50例,通过CBCT三维成像和重建,观察比较同一患者两侧TMJ重建后横断面的水平角;平行于髁突长轴的斜位关节间隙、髁突长轴径值、髁突垂直角;垂直于髁突长轴的斜位与矢状位的关节结节斜度、关节窝深度和关节间隙,采用SPSS 13.0软件包对每例患者上述各测量指标进行两配对样本t检验.结果:两侧TMJ在矢状位60°关节间隙时的测量值差异显著(P＜0.05),平行位120°关节间隙、矢状位90°关节间隙时的测量值差异显著(P＜0.01),其余测量值均无显著差异.结论:对于单侧有多种症状的TMD患者,矢状位或垂直位是较易观察到两侧关节有差异的位置,在这一层面重建意义较大.     

单侧有一种症状的TMD患者双侧关节CBCT对比研究

目的：探讨单侧有一种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱病（ TMD）患者双侧颞下颌关节（ TMJ）在CBCT成像上可能存在差异的参考层面。方法：选取仅单侧有症状的TMD患者29例,通过CBCT三维成像和重建,观察两侧TMJ重建后横断面的水平角;平行于髁突长轴的斜位关节间隙、髁突长轴径值、髁突垂直角;垂直于髁突长轴的斜位与矢状位的关节结节斜度、关节窝深度和关节间隙,采用SPSS13．0软件对各测量指标做两样本配对t检验。结果：两侧TMJ在垂直位60°关节间隙时的测量值差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,其余测量值均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：对于单侧有一种症状的TMD患者,接近矢状位是较易观察到左右两侧有差异的位置,并可观察到患侧前间隙增大,在此层面重建对诊断和对比研究更有参考价值。     

单侧有症状的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者双侧关节间隙锥形束CT对比研究

目的探讨单侧有症状的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者双侧颞下颌关节在CBCT成像上可能存在差异的参考层面,为颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断和对比研究提供参考。方法选取一侧TMJ有症状的TMD患者87例,通过CBCT三维成像和重建,观察同一患者两侧TMJ重建后横断面的水平角;平行于髁突长轴的斜位关节间隙、髁突长轴径值、髁突垂直角;垂直于髁突长轴的斜位与矢状位的关节结节斜度和关节间隙,采用SPSS13.0软件包对每位患者上述各测量指标做两配对样本t检验。结果两侧TMJ在平行位120°、矢状位60°和90°、垂直位60°和120°时的关节间隙测量值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中矢状位90°关节间隙的差异更显著(P<0.01),其余值均无统计学差异。结论对于单侧有症状的TMD患者,矢状位或垂直位是较易观察到左右两侧有差异的位置,在垂直位和矢状位均观察到前间隙的增大,在这个层面重建对诊断和对比研究更有意义。     

牙颌专用CT对颞下颌关节骨性结构的测量技术

目的：探讨牙颌专用CT对颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）骨性结构的测量技术。方法：在牙颌专用CT对TMJ成像技术的基础上，对TMJ成像的轴位、矢状位、平行于髁状突长轴的斜位、垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位重建影像，建立座标点并进行测量。结果：轴位测得髁状突水平角和单侧髁状突与矢状中线的半径距离。平行于髁状突长轴的斜位测得髁状突长轴径值、髁状突垂直角、关节间隙和髁状突受力角。垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位与矢状位均可测得髁状突内外极间各层切面径值、关节间隙、关节凹深度、关节结节斜度和髁颈厚度。结论：牙颌专用CT成像系统可以对TMJ骨性结构行多种体位、角度的影像重建及定点测量。     

54例正常人双侧颞下颌关节CBCT测量值分析

目的：探讨应用CBCT（cone-beamcomputedtomography）对成年人两侧颞下颌关节进行多项指标数据测量分析。方法：在TMJ成像与测量技术的基础上,筛选出正常成人54例,通过严格的TMJ临床检查确定为健康关节,利用Newtom9000CBCT对其ICP位颞下颌关节进行成像后测量分析。结果：在轴位测得髁状突水平角以及单侧髁状突距矢状中线的距离;平行于髁状突长轴的斜位,测髁状突长轴径,垂直角度,沿髁状突长轴顶内外极间任意角间隙宽度;垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位测量关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度,关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度;矢状位测关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度,关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度。结论：正常成人双侧髁状突位置及关节窝形态性别差异不明显,双髁状突位置及关节窝形态基本对称。     

右侧偏侧咀嚼对颞下颌关节形态的影响

目的:应用锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)探讨右侧偏侧咀嚼对颞下颌关节形态变化的影响.方法:利用CBCT对经过严格筛选的52例右侧偏侧咀嚼患者行正中(牙合)位颞下颌关节成像后.分别获取轴位、冠状位、矢状位、平行于髁突长轴的斜位和垂直于髁突长轴的斜位重建影像并进行定量测量分析.采用SPSS12.0软件包对数据进行配对t检验.结果:右侧偏侧咀嚼患者习惯侧和非习惯侧在平行于髁突长轴的斜位60°和90°的关节间隙之间差异显著(P<0.05),习惯侧和非习惯侧在矢状位和垂直于髁突长轴的斜位120°、150°关节间隙和髁颈宽度之间差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义.其余测量值双侧差异无统计学意义.结论:右侧偏侧咀嚼对颞下颌关节形态产生一定的影响.     

颞下颌关节盘前移位患者关节骨形态与矢状向关节盘位置的关系

目的　利用磁共振成像（MRI）技术和锥形束CT（CBCT）分析颞下颌关节盘前移位患者矢状向关节盘位置与关节骨形态的关系。方法　对97例患者的178个颞下颌关节（TMJ）进行回顾性分析，根据矢状向MRI上关节盘的位置分成4组，即对照组（关节盘无移位）、轻度组（关节盘轻度前移位）、中度组（关节盘中度前移位）和重度组（关节盘重度前移位）。然后利用Mimics 20软件基于CBCT数据进行TMJ的相关形态学参数测量，包括髁突线性尺寸（宽度、长度和高度）、髁突体积和表面积，关节窝的深度和长度，关节结节倾斜角，关节前、上、后间隙等，并对各组矢状髁突位置进行评估。使用方差分析、非参数检验和卡方检验等比较关节形态及位置参数的组间差异，采用相关性分析探索矢状关节盘位置与关节测量参数之间的相关性。结果　髁突的线性尺寸、关节窝深度、关节倾斜角、关节间隙和矢状髁突位置分布在4组间差异有统计学意义，而关节窝长度在4组间差异没有统计学意义；相关性分析显示：髁突的线性尺寸、髁突的体积及表面积、关节窝的深度、关节结节倾斜角和关节上间隙与关节盘矢状位置之间存在显著负相关，而关节后间隙与矢状关节盘位置之间存在显著正相关。结论　TMJ骨形态与不同矢状关节盘位置之间存在相关性，应警惕临床看到的关节骨形态的退行性改变可能是患者存在关节盘前移位的标志。     

青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错患者颞下颌关节形态及髁突位置分析

目的： 研究青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者颞下颌关节的关节窝形态、髁突形态、髁突位置及关节间隙的锥形束CT（CBCT）表现,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法： 选择2018年6月—2019年12月来苏州口腔医院正畸科就诊的青少年安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者30例为实验组,青少年安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者30例为对照组,比较2组患者关节长轴、关节短轴、髁突外嵴最突点到矢状中线距离、髁突水平角、关节内间隙、关节中间隙、关节外间隙、关节前间隙、关节上间隙、关节后间隙、髁突垂直高度、关节窝宽度、关节窝深度、关节结节后壁倾斜角及双侧髁突到水平线垂直距离差。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 实验组安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者中性侧与远中侧关节后间隙、髁突水平角、髁突垂直高度、关节窝宽度、关节窝深度、关节结节后壁倾斜角比较,差异均有显著意义(P<0.01);对照组安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者左右两侧关节窝形态、髁突形态及髁突位置比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论： 安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合患者可能在髁突位置、髁突形态及关节窝形态上与安氏Ⅰ类错牙合患者存在差异,正畸治疗中需对此类患者提高警惕,在临床初诊检查时应多关注颞下颌关节区的检查。     

成人下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节对称性研究

目的:了解下颌偏斜患者颞下颌关节形态学差异及相关性。方法:对21例下颌偏斜患者拍摄颞下颌关节中位断层片,选择描述髁突位置及髁突和关节窝形态的15个指标进行测量及统计分析。结果:下颌偏斜患者非偏斜侧的髁突在关节窝中的位置较偏斜侧向前下移位;非偏斜侧的髁突高度、髁突上部高度较偏斜侧高;非偏斜侧的髁突前斜面斜度、关节窝后斜面的斜度较偏斜侧大。双侧髁突前斜面斜度与关节前间隙、关节窝深度呈正相关;髁突上部高度与髁突高度呈正相关;偏斜侧髁突后斜面斜度与关节窝后斜面斜度呈正相关;非偏斜侧髁突后斜面斜度与关节上间隙、关节结节高度呈负相关。结论:下颌偏斜患者双侧颞下颌关节具有形态学差异。双侧髁突形态的变化与其同侧关节窝形态的变化及其在关节窝中的位置具有一定相关性。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病的医学影像检查与诊断

医学影像检查在颞下颌关节紊乱病的诊断中具有重要意义。一、医学影像检查程序1 平片检查 :临床上一般首先使用许勒位检查 ,此投照的Ｘ线设备要求简单 ,较易操作 ,且可提供较多的诊断资料 ,如关节间隙、关节结节、关节窝及髁突等。仅在特殊情况或科研工作需要时 ,才应用矫正许勒位检查。这种检查技术根据每位被检查者髁突水平角、垂直角来调整Ｘ线中心线的垂直角和水平角 ,因而可以较准确地显示关节外 1/3的关节间隙情况及关节结构的形态 ,但操作程序比较复杂。在疑有髁突骨质改变而又不能依据许勒位片作出诊断时 ,可加拍髁突经咽侧位片 ,以…     

Constancy of clinical signs in patients with mandibular dysfunction

Repeated clinical examinations were performed 6 weeks apart on 34 patients with mandibular dysfunction to estimate the consistancy of clinical signs. The clinical examination of the patients included the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the mandibular movement capacity. The clinical dysfunction index (Di) was calculated as a measure of the degree of mandibular dysfunction. The highest agreement between examinations was found for maximal mouth opening and protrusion. The agreement for palpation tenderness of the masticatory muscles and TMJ, limited movement of the TMJ, TMJ sounds, and pain during movement was considerably lower. The lowest agreement within 6 weeks was found for the clinical dysfunction index. No statistically significant difference could be detected between the two examinations for any of the clinical signs, as a result of given information and counseling before the 6-week period. It was concluded that all clinical signs, except maximal mouth opening and maximal protrusion, showed low consistancy.     

Reproducibility of response to a questionnaire on symptoms of masticatory dysfunction

The aim of the present investigation was to check the reproducibility of answers to multiple-choice questions used in a questionnaire. The questionnaire was concerned with symptoms in patients with dysfunction of the masticatory system. Five main types of questions were tested by repetition within 1 week by 98 patients. Comparisons were also made between questionnaire data and clinical findings. The interval between the questionnaire and the clinical examination was 1 week. The best reproducibility was found for answers to a question about previous joint radiography, which was the simplest question with the fewest alternatives. The second best was found for a question about the duration of the symptoms referable to the masticatory system. The poorest reproducibility was noted for a question about masticatory muscle pain. The comparison between the questionnaire data and clinical findings showed the best agreement for joint sounds. The reported pain symptoms and palpatory tenderness seem to be different entities.     

颞下颌关节软骨损伤治疗的进展

颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)软骨损伤主要是指髁突和关节结节功能面的软骨损伤。病因复杂,表现为软骨内软骨细胞含量较低且增殖能力差,若治疗不当或治疗不及时,极易形成颞下颌关节病(temporomandibular disorder,TMD),最终出现不可扼制的逐步恶化,导致颞下颌关节骨关节病(temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,TMJOA)的发生,以及关节功能的丧失。本文就其国内外研究现状及现有的治疗手段和疗效评价进行综述。1颞下颌关节软骨的解剖生理特点TMJ软骨主要分布于髁突和关节结节的表面,是继发性纤维软骨,组织学特点与其他…     

全口牙釉质发育不全伴颞下颌关节紊乱病1例报告

釉质发育不全（amelogenesis imperfecta,AI）是一组影响釉质发育的遗传性疾病,由于釉质形成时造釉器的某些功能障碍,导致釉质在厚度、结构和组织上的改变。临床可分为3型：釉质发育不良型（hypoplastic AI,HPAI）,釉质矿化不良型（hypocalcified AI, HCAI）和釉质未成熟型（hypomaturation AI,HMAI）。AI以牙色改变和釉质缺损为主要表现,严重者可伴有颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular joint disorders,TMD）等。笔者在临床中遇到1例全口乳牙、恒牙严重AI伴TMD病例,现报道如下。     

RW牙合板治疗对颞下颌关节紊乱病患者髁突位置影响研究

目的    研究RW牙合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）前后髁突位置的改变,以探讨RW牙合板的治疗机制。方法　选择2016年1—7月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院正畸科就诊的TMD患者20例,在RW牙合板治疗前后分别拍摄颞下颌关节锥形束CT（CBCT）,并测量患侧髁突的关节间隙。比较治疗前后关节上、前、后间隙的改变。 结果　    治疗后患侧髁突的关节前间隙减小、后间隙增大,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;关节上间隙的改变差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论　RW牙合板可使髁突向前移动,使髁突趋于关节窝正中。     

复杂修复的咬合设计理念及关键临床步骤

复杂修复由于涉及牙位多、对咬合关系影响大等一直是口腔修复的疑难之一。对这类修复临床问题的解决首先是建立正确的修复理念，文章对修复治疗中如何客观认识咬合与颞下颌关节紊乱病之间的关系进行了梳理，并对复杂修复中如何基于患者口颌系统的功能特点设计个性化咬合的临床步骤进行了阐述。     

Quantification of translational and gliding components in human temporomandibular joint during mouth opening

OBJECTIVE: In humans, the opening movement of the mouth requires a complex combination of rotation in the lower temporomandibular joint compartment and of translation in the upper compartment. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively assess the percentage contribution of rotation and translation movements of the mandible at maximum mouth opening in normal, healthy individuals. DESIGN: Free, habitual movements of mouth opening were recorded in 12 men and 15 women aged 19-30 years using an optoelectronic three-dimensional motion analyser. All subjects had a sound, complete, permanent dentitions with Angle Class I jaw relationships, without cast restorations or cuspal coverage, TMJ or craniocervical disorders. For each subject, the mandibular movements at the interincisor point (occlusal plane) were reconstructed, and, using suitable mathematical algorithms, divided into their rotation and gliding components. The relative contribution of the two components to the total movement was calculated for each frame of motion. In particular, the situation at maximum opening was assessed. RESULTS: At maximum mouth opening, on average, men had significantly larger displacement of the mandibular interincisor point (56 mm versus 46 mm) and angle of rotation (34 degrees versus 32 degrees), than women. The percentage of mandibular movement explained by rotation at maximum mouth opening (77%) was not influenced by sex. The degree of rotation was significantly related to the displacement of the interincisor point: in women r2 = 87%, in men, r2 = 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, in normal subjects with a healthy stomatognathic apparatus, mouth opening was more determined by mandibular rotation than by translation.     

TMJ pain and dysfunction: relation between clinical and radiographic findings in the short and long-term

Abstract – Clinical examination of the stomatognathic system and radiographic examination of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), including the submentovertical, the oblique lateral transcranial and the transmaxillary projections, were performed in 104 patients with TMJ pain/dysfunction. Seven years later these patients had a new clinical examination and 54 of them were radiographed again. Another 20 patients not primarily radiographed were also recalled after 7 yr and examined clinically and radiographically. The radiographic findings were correlated with the reported symptoms and clinical findings. Only a few statistically significant correlations were found. The initial clinical dysfunction, estimated with the aid of the Helkimo dysfunction index, was positively correlated with the radiographic findings at the follow-up. The most important clinical variables in this respect were tenderness to palpation of the joint and decreased mobility. Crepitation was associated with changes in the structure and shape of the condyle. Clicking was correlated with a posterior displacement of the condyle. The number of occluding pairs of teeth was related to changes in the TMJ structure and shape also when age was considered as a confounding factor. Radiographic changes of the TMJ develop late and are often absent in the acute phase. An early radiographic examination is therefore of less diagnostic importance in this respect, but serves the purpose of excluding other pathologic conditions.     

Radiographic study of articular remodeling in the temporomandibular joint after condylar fractures

abstract — A radiographic follow-up of the temporomandibular joints in patients with condylar fractures revealed a frequent remodeling both of the condylar head and the glenoid fossa. A double contour of the fossa was the typical radiographic sign of remodeling. The occurrence of double contours was associated with displacement of the condylar head.     

Radiography of the temporomandibular joint after oblique sliding osteotomy of the mandibular rami

abstract — A radiographic follow-up of the temporomandibular joint in 25 patients subjected to oblique sliding osteotomy of the mandibular rami showed a remodeling of the condylar head. Distinct double contours in the posterior part of the condylar heads were found in 30 out of 36 joints with a forward-inferior displacement of the condylar head.