更正

本刊2015年第1期的四篇稿件《Ⅱ型糖尿病人唾液晚期氧化蛋白产物和血浆甘油三酯含量的相关性研究》作者冯福奎等、《皮肤真皮来源多能干细胞筛选与鉴定》作者霍娜等、《单侧弹响的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者双侧关节锥形束CT对比研究》作者李岩峰等、《四种粘接剂粘固不同材料核与镍铬合金全冠时粘接效果的实验研究》安钰等。由于编辑操作失误,漏填四篇稿件的基金项目。现将四篇稿件基金项目附上:《Ⅱ型糖尿病人唾液晚期氧化蛋白产物和血浆甘油三酯含量的相关性研究》国家863计划课题(项目编号:2015AA033502)、国家自然科学基金资助(项目编号:81271180);《皮肤真皮来源多能干细胞筛选与鉴定》     

口腔扁平苔藓合并2型糖尿病的临床及病理特征研究

目的 通过病例对照研究分析口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus, OLP)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)的临床及组织病理学表现特征。方法 将104例患者分为OLP组与OLP+T2DM组。收集患者的基本信息,OLP的临床类型与REU评分,两位病理专家对组织病理表现进行具体描述。应用SPSS 24.0对两组间的临床与组织病理表现进行统计分析。结果 OLP+T2DM组糜烂型OLP的发生率与REU评分均显著高于OLP组(P<0.001)。随访1个月后,服用降糖药物(P<0.001)和血糖控制理想(P<0.01)的OLP患者REU评分均显著降低。多因素二元Logistic回归分析显示：高REU评分、糜烂型、淋巴细胞浸润密集、淋巴浸润带不清晰、基底层重度炎症、基底层纤维蛋白的存在(OR=1.58、37.15、8.49、10.16、3.94、4.35)是OLP合并T2DM的典型特征。结论 合并T2DM的OLP患者临床病损更严重,组织破坏程度更高,临床诊治应制定个性化方案,以获得精准治疗效果。     

慢性牙周炎合并糖尿病患者唾液及龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌检测临床研究

目的    探讨慢性牙周炎（CP）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者与单纯CP患者唾液及龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌的差异性。方法    选择河南大学第一附属医院口腔科2012年8月至2015年9月伴T2DM的CP患者40例为CP+T2DM组,同时选取背景相似的慢性CP患者65例为CP组,并选取健康体检者35名作为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测各组受试者唾液及龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg）、放线共生放线杆菌（Aa）、具核梭杆菌（Fn）、福塞坦菌（Tf）、中间型普里沃菌（Pi）、齿垢密螺旋体（Td）等可疑致病菌种类和相对含量。结果    3组受试者唾液及龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa和Tf检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而Fn、Pi和Td检出率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,3组受试者唾液及龈下菌斑中Fn检出率均最高,CP+T2DM组唾液及龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa、Tf检出率均显著高于对照组和CP组（P＜0.05）,而CP组仅Pg检出率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,CP+T2DM组和CP组唾液及龈下菌斑中Pg、Aa和Tf相对含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且CP+T2DM组唾液及龈下菌斑中Aa和Tf相对含量显著高于CP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论    CP患者和伴糖尿病的CP患者牙周可疑致病菌的种类和数量存在明显差异,CP+T2DM组患者Pg、Aa和Tf检出率更高,可能与糖尿病关系更为密切。     

牙周治疗对2型糖尿病患者血清白细胞介素6及糖化白蛋白的影响

目的 探讨牙周非手术治疗对伴牙周炎2型糖尿病患者血清白细胞介素-6及糖化白蛋白的影响.方法 选择2型糖尿病伴重度慢性牙周炎患者32例,于牙周治疗前、后一个月分别检测血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和糖化白蛋白(FA)、甘油三酯(TG)水平、牙周指数.结果 经牙周治疗后,伴重度牙周炎的2型糖尿病患者除TG水平外,血清IL-6阳性百分率(P＜0.05)、FA水平(P＜0.001)有明显下降;探诊深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)治疗后均较基线明显下降(P＜0.001).结论 非手术牙周治疗可能降低糖尿病牙周炎患者外周血循环IL-6水平,糖化白蛋白水平、牙周状况也有明显改善.     

糖尿病患者及糖调节受损人群患龋状况的比较研究

目的:了解2型糖尿病(DM)患者、糖调节受损(IGR)人群和血糖正常人群患龋情况,探讨其易感因素。方法:对145名2型DM患者、140名IGR人员和149名血糖正常人员进行流行病学问卷调查、口腔检查和血糖、静态唾液流量、唾液pH值测定。结果:DM组、IGR组和对照组的患龋率分别为66.9%、72.1%、63.8%,三组之间比较,差异无统计学意义;龋均分别为3.79、2.44、2.81颗牙,DM组的龋均显著高于IGR组和对照组(P<0.05),IGR组的龋均与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);龋失补牙数构成比DM组分别为25.6%,26.4%,48.0%,IGR组分别为28.1%、10.5%、61.4%,对照组分别为34.1%、28.2%、37.7%,DM组龋失补构成比与IGR组,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IGR组龋失补构成比与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DM组和IGR组的唾液量(mL/10min)和唾液pH值均数显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05),而空腹血糖值均数显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:DM人群比IGR人群和健康人群患龋严重,控制糖尿病将有助于降低龋齿数。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病病人唾液成份的变化与牙周状态的关系

目的：通过分析II型糖尿病患者唾液成分的改变，从而评价其与II型糖尿病患者牙周状态的关系。方法：对44例II型糖尿病患者和46例非糖尿病患者的唾液进行钾，钠，葡萄糖，总蛋白及SIgA的检测。结果：II型糖尿病患者中的总蛋白及SIgA含量比圣贤组显著增加，有显著差异（P＜0．05），II型 病患者的钾，钠，葡萄糖的含量均高于对照组，但统计学处理无显著差异（P＜0．05），II型糖尿病患者的菌斑指数（PLI）。龈沟出血指数（SBI），牙周袋探诊深度（PD）与对照组均有显著差异（P＜0．01），结论 II型糖尿病患者唾液成分改变与牙周状态有一定的关系。     

牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴牙周炎病人糖基化终产物的影响

目的:观察牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎病人牙周组织和血清中糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end of products,AGEs)变化的长期影响。方法:诊断为Ⅱ型糖尿病并伴有中等程度以上牙周炎的病人30例,分为进行牙周基础治疗的干预组15例(DM1组),未进行牙周基础治疗的未干预组15例(DM2组);分别在初诊和每次复诊治疗前记录2组的探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、附着丧失(attachment loss,AL)、空腹血精、AGEs指标。结果:经牙周基础治疗后,DM1组牙周临床指标均有明显改善;2组AGEs水平有不同程度升高(P<0.05);DM1组第21个月AGFs水平显著低于DM2组,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:牙周基础治疗对Ⅱ型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎病人的PD、AL、血糖水平、AGEs水平有显著的改善(P<0.05),并且有助于长期稳定。     

唾液葡萄糖比色测定方法的建立及应用

目的建立一种唾液葡萄糖比色测定方法,并观察其在糖尿病血糖浓度监测中的意义。方法用2,4,6-三溴-3-羟基苯甲酸取代葡萄糖氧化酶测定法的苯酚,用于唾液葡萄糖的测定。并观察正常人与糖尿病患者血糖浓度和唾液葡萄糖含量之间的关系。结果186例健康人晨空腹唾液葡萄糖浓度为8.14±1.78mg/L。正常人及糖尿病患者血糖与唾液葡萄糖之间存在明显相关性(r=0.72~0.80)。结论比色法可以高灵敏度的测定唾液葡萄糖的含量,并可用于糖尿病人血糖浓度的监测。     

牙周炎伴糖尿病患者全唾液中Pro-CT含量的检测及其意义

目的:比较糖尿病合并牙周炎患者、单纯糖尿病患者、单纯牙周炎患者以及健康者全唾液中降钙素原(Pro-CT)水平,及其与血糖控制情况及牙周病炎严重程度之间的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究,纳入糖尿病合并牙周炎患者(DM+CP组)24例,单纯糖尿病患者(DM组)、单纯牙周炎患者(CP组)以及健康人群各30例,收集受检者静息全唾液,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测全唾液中Pro-CT水平。结果:DM+CP组全唾液中Pro-CT水平显著高于其他3组,差异极具统计学意义(P<0.01);全唾液中Pro-CT水平随牙周炎严重程度加重而增高,随血糖控制情况的不理想而增高,差异有统计学意义;全唾液中Pro-CT水平与探诊深度(PD)、探诊出血指数(BI)、附着丧失(AL)、缺失牙数均呈正相关,且相关程度由高到低依次为PD、BI、AL、缺失牙数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者体内的微炎症状态可能与牙周炎症有关,全唾液中Pro-CT水平既受牙周炎症影响也受全身因素的调控。     

2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶-3水平和意义

目的:研究2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者、龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)和龈沟液量,及其与糖代谢状况的关系。方法:2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者、牙周病患者和全身健康者各30例;使用滤纸条法采集龈沟液,用ELISA法测定龈沟液中MMP-3含量;用自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪VarintⅡ测定2型糖尿病合并牙周病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。结果:糖尿病合并牙周病组和牙周病组龈沟液中MMP-3含量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。糖尿病合并牙周病组龈沟液中MMP-3含量显著高于牙周病组(P<0.01),其龈沟液的量与牙周病组没有显著差异。糖尿病合并牙周病组龈沟液中MMP-3含量与HbA1c水平无显著相关性。结论:龈沟液中MMP-3含量受牙周炎症影响并受全身因素调控。     

Noise levels in dental schools

OBJECTIVE: To measure and analyse noise levels in the learning-teaching activities at the Dental School of the University of Porto (Portugal). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sound levels were measured in five different practice areas and laboratories, selected as representative of a variety of learning-teaching activities. The noise levels were determined using a precision sound level meter that was positioned at ear level and at 1 m distance from the operator. RESULTS: The noise levels registered vary between 60 and 99 dB(A) and are similar to the data of other international studies. The results recorded differences in sound levels when the equipment was merely turned on and during cutting operations. Differences between brand new and used equipment were also noted. It appears that hearing damage risk may be lesser amongst dentists who use brand new equipment. CONCLUSION: The noise levels detected in this study are considered to be close to the limit of risk of hearing loss.     

Osteoprotegerin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid

AIMS: To evaluate the levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in crevicular fluid of endosseous dental implants. METHODS: Eighty-six implants in 39 patients were evaluated. All patients were treated with root-type implants placed at least 16 months and loaded at least 12 months before the examination. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were obtained from buccal and lingual aspects of implants. Modified plaque index, probing depth, gingival index, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at four sites per implant. PICF levels of sRANKL and OPG were analysed by ELISA. Spearman's correlations were utilised to relate biochemical data and clinical parameters. RESULTS: The PICF level of sRANKL did not show significant correlation with the clinical parameters or the OPG level. The total amount of OPG was positively correlated with PICF volume, gingival index, and BOP (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with pack years (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this preliminary study suggest that the crevicular fluid level of OPG deserves further investigation as a possible marker to evaluate the health status of surrounding tissues of dental implants, as this was not the case for the sRANKL level. Larger scale studies, particularly in peri-implantitis cases, may shed more light on this subject.     

Ghrelin levels in chronic periodontitis patients

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that has modulatory effects on the immune system. This study was designed to evaluate plasma ghrelin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and to investigate if a relationship exists between ghrelin and periodontal parameters, serum cytokines, and bone turnover markers. Thirty-five chronic periodontitis patients (CP) and periodontal healthy individuals (C) were included in this study. Periodontal parameters were recorded. Blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of total and acylated ghrelin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), the soluble receptor activator nuclear factor kappaB ligand (sRANKL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OSC). Plasma levels of total and acylated ghrelin were significantly elevated in the CP group compared with the C group (p < 0.05). The difference was significant only between males in the two groups (groups were compared with respect to gender) (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups regarding the levels of serum sRANKL, TNF-α, and ALP. A relative increase in the serum levels of IL-1β and a decrease in the serum levels of OSC of the CP group were observed (p < 0.05). In addition, positive correlations between total ghrelin/ALP and total ghrelin/acylated ghrelin were discovered. We found no direct correlation between ghrelin levels and periodontal parameters. Our results indicate an increase of total and acylated ghrelin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Further, studies in larger populations (which could include ghrelin levels in gingival tissue, gingival crevicular fluid, and saliva) are needed in order to confirm the role of ghrelin in periodontal disease.     

Mercury vapour levels in dental practices and body mercury levels of dentists and controls

AIM: A study of 180 dentists in the West of Scotland was conducted to determine their exposure to mercury during the course of their work and the effects on their health and cognitive function. DESIGN: Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to dentists and by visiting their surgeries to take measurements of environmental mercury. METHODS: Dentists were asked to complete a questionnaire including items on handling of amalgam, symptoms experienced, diet and possible influences on psychomotor function such as levels of stress and alcohol intake. They also completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Dentists were asked to complete a dental chart of their own mouths and to give samples of urine, hair and nails for mercury analysis. The dentists were visited at their surgeries where environmental measurements were made in eight areas of the surgery and they undertook a computerised package of psychomotor tests. One hundred and eighty control subjects underwent a similar procedure, completing a questionnaire, having their amalgam surfaces counted, giving urine, hair and nail samples and undergoing the psychomotor test procedure. RESULTS: Dentists were found to have, on average, urinary mercury levels over 4 times that of control subjects although all but one dentist had urinary mercury below the Health and Safety Executive health guidance value of 20 mumol mmol(-1) creatinine. Urine was found to be a better biological marker for mercury exposure than hair or nails.Dentists were significantly more likely than control subjects to have suffered from disorders of the kidney but these symptoms were not significantly associated with their level of mercury exposure as measured in urine. One hundred and twenty two (67.8%) of the 180 surgeries visited had environmental mercury measurements in one or more areas above the Occupational Exposure Standard (OES) set by the Health and Safety Executive. In the majority of these surgeries the high levels of mercury were found at the skirting and around the base of the dental chair. In 45 surgeries (25%) the personal dosimetry measurement (ie in the breathing zone of dental staff) was above the OES. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that greater emphasis should be made relating to safe handling of amalgam in the training and continuing professional development of dentists, that further studies are carried out on levels of mercury exposure of dental team members during the course of their working day, and that periodic health surveillance, including urinary mercury monitoring, of dental personnel should be conducted to identify possible effects of practising dentistry.     

Increased IgA levels in saliva during pregnancy

Abstract – The level of IgA in saliva of pregnant and non-pregnant women was measured. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from pregnant women. Also included was a group of menstruating women from whom saliva was collected in springtime as well as in autumn in each phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a marked increase in the IgA level in saliva of the pregnant women. The IgA level was especially high during late pregnancy and postpartum. No significant differences in IgA were found between the three phases of the menstrual cycle.     

Mercury vapor levels in a dental laboratory

abstract — Mercury vapor levels associated with grinding amalgam models and mulling amalgams in the palm of the hand following trituration have been measured in a dental laboratory in inhalation position. The threshold limit value of airborne mercury of 0.05 mg/m³ was essentially exceeded in the grinding procedure of amalgam. Levels in excess of seven times this value were recorded. During mulling the mercury vapor level fluctuated around the threshold limit value. The mean mercury concentrations did not essentially exceed the threshold limit value.