地花菌属真菌化学成分及药理活性研究

［摘要］了解地花菌属真菌化学成分和药理作用的国内外研究状况．查阅国内外有关地花菌属真菌研究的文献,了解上述两方面的研究情况．国内外学者从该属真菌中分离出grifolin、neogriolin、aurovertins及其它们的衍生物等类型化学成分44个．药理研究表明,所得化合物主要具有抗肿瘤、抑制NO产生、抗氧化及抑制细菌生长等活性作用．开展地花菌属真菌的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要的科学意义．     

木层孔菌属真菌的化学成分与生物活性

国内外研究成果表明,木层孔菌属的多种真菌含抗肿瘤活性成分,有待于开发抗肿瘤新药.对该属常见真菌的化学成分和生物活性进行介绍.     

叶状层菌属真菌生物活性研究进展

叶状层菌属(Phylloporia)系锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)真菌,主要有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒等多种生物活性;由于有关叶状层菌属真菌的化学及药理活性研究较少,各分类学家对其分类学划分仍存在争议,该文除对该属进行生物活性综述外,还对针层孔菌属(Phellinus)真菌的生物活性方面进行归纳和总结,为今后进一步研究开发叶状层菌属真菌提供参考。     

绵马贯众3种间苯三酚类化合物及其抑菌活性研究

目的 对绵马贯众中3种间苯三酚类成分进行研究,并考察它们对红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌3种真菌的抑菌活性.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等色谱手段进行分离纯化,并通过波谱数据和理化性质对化合物进行鉴定.采用M38-A2微量稀释法,筛选单体化合物对红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌3种真菌的抑菌活性,并测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果 分离得到3个间苯三酚类化合物,分别为白绵马素AA,三环黄绵马酸ABB、黄绵马酸AB;3个化合物对红色毛癣菌的MIC分别为160、60、70 μg/mL,对犬小孢子菌的MIC分别为140、90、80 μg/mL,对须癣毛癣菌的MIC值均＞160 μg/mL.结论 3个间苯三酚类化合物对3种真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,对红色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌的活性均优于须癣毛癣菌.     

褐孔菌属药用真菌化学成分及药理作用研究进展

褐孔菌属(Xanthochrous)系多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)真菌,但国内外真菌分类学专家家对此菌属的划分存在争议,全面起见,本文综述了Xanthochrous、Fuscoporia、Phellinus、In-onotus属真菌的化学成分和药理研究概况。1化学成分研究1.1甾醇类化合物何坚等从P.yamanoi(Tamz)shaw中分离出麦角甾醇过氧化物、麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮等多个甾醇类成分[1]。刘玉红等从环棱褐孔菌[Xanthochrous nilgheriensis(Mont.)Teng]中分得了(22E,24S)-啤酒甾醇[(22E,24S)-cerevisterol][2]。从P.pomaceus中得到了麦角甾醇、麦角甾-7烯-3β-醇、麦角…     

药用真菌针层孔菌属生物活性研究进展

针层孔菌属(Phellinus)系锈革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)真菌,主要有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒等多种生物活性;该文对该属真菌的生物活性方面进行归纳和总结,为今后进一步研究针层孔菌属真菌提供参考。     

贝叶多孔菌抗肿瘤作用的研究

多孔菌属真菌贝叶多孔菌为传统可食菌。研究表明其活性成分多糖具有抗肿瘤作用。本文综述了贝叶多孔菌多糖的提取、精制、理化性质、抗肿瘤活性及其机理等方面的研究现状。     

虫草属真菌多糖制备及化学结构的研究现状与思考

虫草是一类化学成分和药理作用多样,在生物医药领域有广阔应用前景的复型真菌.多糖是虫草的主要活性成分之一,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖等广泛的生物活性.促进虫草属真菌多糖的研究开发,对其来源、制备、化学结构等研究现状进行了综述,并针对当前多糖的研究进展,提出了一些值得关注的研究方向.     

针层孔菌属真菌化学成分研究进展

通过系统查阅国内外文献,对针层孔菌属真菌的化学成分研究进行了归纳与总结。列出了该属真菌已经分离、鉴定的化学成分种类,主要有萜类、甾醇类、吡喃酮类、酚类、呋喃类、多糖类等,指出了目前研究中存在的问题及今后努力的方向。参考文献50篇。     

灰树花化学成分和药理作用的研究进展

灰树花Grifola frondosa为担子菌亚门、树花菌属真菌,是一种药、食用菌。其化学成分有多糖、蛋白质等,药理作用涵盖免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗高脂血、抗病毒等方面。近年来,对灰树花化学成分与药理活性的研究受到了广泛的关注,一些临床试验也相继开展。现对灰树花的化学成分与药理活性研究概况进行综述,以期为灰树花的全面开发和深入研究提供参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.