不同时相呼吸阻力负荷生理、心理效应的比较

以17名健康男性青年为对象,采用两因素(总阻力值×阻力负荷时相)6×3析因实验设计,以多级估量量表(MES)评量呼吸感觉量。对不同程度、不同时相的呼吸阻力负荷的生理、心理效应进行了系统的考察与比较。主要结果如下:①在三种负荷时相下,面罩腔压力波动幅度(P)、总外呼吸功率(W_T)与总阻力值(R_T)间均呈凹向下型式函数关系;②呼吸感觉量(S_(MES))与物理刺激量之间只是间接关系,与生理刺激量呈直接关系;③不同负荷条件下,生理刺激量与S_(MES)间均呈凹向上型式关系。以上结果提示在制订RPE外加阻力标准时,除规定总阻力值外,在“中度”负荷水平时,还应有匹配条件的限制。     

Effects of Added Breathing Resistance on Respiratory Pattern during Mild and Moderate Exercises

In six healthy male subjects, the changes of respiratory airflow rate and heart rate were de-termined in sensory units of five just noticeable difference (JND) steps caused by inspiratory resistive (IR) loads ranging 0.28-1. 62 kPa.L~(-1) s and physical stimuli in IR corresponding to JND steps andcombined resistance (CR) of different ratios equivalent to 2, 4 JND sensation at rest and duringmild and moderate muscular exercises (250 and 500 kgm·min~(-1)) performed on a bicycle ergometer.The results suggest that the tendency of effects on respiratory pattern, within the test range of IRloads, are approximately consistent at rest and during mild and moderate exercise, that when theCR load is carried, the changes of respiratory pattern at rest and during mild exercise are similar,but more apparently during moderate exercise, and that the heart rote only increases with the rise ofexertion intensity, without apparent influence of resistive loads.     

Observation on Adaptation of Respiratory Sensations to Added Inspiratory Resistance in Human

To elucidate the adaptation of respiratory sensation to added breathingresistance,changes of ventilation,breathing pattern,and perceived magnitude(PM)of respiratory sensation were observed in 11 healthy young male subjectswith inspiratory resistive loadings for 40,30,and 20 rain at rest and in light (200kg.m.rain~(-1)),and moderate(600 kg.m.rain~(-1))physical activities respectively.Themain results are as follows:(1)With inspiratory load lasting 30 and 20 rain inlight and moderate physical activities respeetively,VI_(max),VI,f,MV,Plmax.andWI increased,and TI and VTI decreased;but PETco_2 decreased apparently only atmoderate work rate due to the accompanying hyperventilation.(2)Adaptation ofrespiratory sensation occurs,if the intensity of the added inspiratory load does notexceed the“moderate”degree and for the physical load is lower than the“light”degree.     

轻,中度体力负荷下外加呼吸阻力对呼吸型式的影响

以6名健康男性青年为被试者,在静坐及轻、中度(250,500kgm·min~(-1)体力负荷下,以0.28～1.62kPa·L~(-1)·s的吸气阻力(IR)范围测出的5个辨别阈(JND)梯级为感觉单位,并以各JND梯级所对应的IR值及与2、4 JND等感的不同匹配的联合阻力(CR)值为物理刺激量,分别测出呼吸气体流率及心率变化。结果表明:在静坐及轻、中度运动条件下,IR负荷对呼吸型式影响的趋势基本一致;施加CR时,静坐与轻度运动的呼吸型式变化大体相似,而中度运动其变化更加明显;心率只随体力负荷强度而增加,阻力负荷对其无明显影响。     

缺氧或二氧化碳负荷下通气功能及呼吸型式的比较

作者用重复呼吸法造成等CO_2张力性缺氧或高氧张力性CO_2负荷,比较同一批被试者的通气功能和呼吸型式。实际数据进行联机实时处理。结果:①在三种等CO_2水平下,V_I、(?)_t、及P_(0.1)均分别与P_(ETO_2)呈双曲线函数关系;高CO_2负荷下,V_I、(?)_I及P_(0.1)均分别与P_(ETCO_2)呈线性函数关系;不同化学负荷下,P_(0.1)/V_I、P_(0.1)/(?)_t间均呈高度相关,而其相应直线回归系数间亦无显著性差别。②个体化学负荷敏感性比较表明,对CO_2敏感者通常对缺氧亦较敏感,但不同个体间存在较大差异。③不同化学负荷下,均随着V_T增加,T_E渐趋缩短,T_I基本不变;进行P_(0.1)测量时,可致T_I缩短,T_E、V_I、(?)_t、f和V_T均无显著性意义的变化。结论:口腔关闭压是较为好用的呼吸驱动指标。     

Bain呼吸环路防治单肺通气犬肺内分流量增加的实验研究

对15条单肺通气(OLV)犬模型进行实验,观察手术侧肺加用或不用Bain环路对犬肺分流量和氧合的影响。结果提示:与双肺通气(TLV)相比,不用Bain的OLV犬,动、静脉氧分压(PAO_2、P(?)O_2),动、静脉血氧饱和度(SaO_2、S(?)O_2)分别降低了49％、11％、8％、14％;肺泡气与动脉血氧分压差(_(A-a)DO_2),肺毛细血管-动脉血氧含量差(C_cO_2-CaO_2),肺毛细血管-静脉血氧含量差(C_cO_2-C(?)O_2)和肺分流量(Q_(?)/Q_t),分别增加了39％、350％、50％和190％(均为P<0.01)。提示低氧血症与OLV时严重肺内分流、静脉血掺杂有关。而使用Bain的OLV犬氧合良好,PaO_2、P(?)O_2稍有增高,~(A-a)DO_2和Q_(?)/Q-t分别降低了19.3％和8％(均为P>0.05)。Bain环路能将氧气以一定的压力和流速持续吹入肺泡,使其扩张并行气体交换,达到改善术侧肺功能和防治肺内分流量增加的目的。