宫颈鳞癌整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶蛋白的表达及生物学行为

目的探讨宫颈鳞癌组织中整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶(HPA)蛋白的表达及临床意义。方法应用组织芯片技术结合免疫组化方法(SP法)检测68例宫颈鳞癌组织和20例宫颈正常组织整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶(HPA)蛋白表达情况,分析两者在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达相关性及生物学行为。结果宫颈鳞癌组织整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶蛋白的阳性表达率分别为77.9%和72.1%,均高于正常宫颈组织(P0.05);整合素α5β1、HPA蛋白均与宫颈鳞癌的分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移和浸润深度显著相关;整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶蛋白在宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达呈现正相关性(r=0.594)。结论整合素α5β1蛋白和乙酰肝素酶蛋白高表达与宫颈鳞癌的发生、发展有关,具有正协同作用,并可作为判断宫颈鳞癌浸润、转移及预后的预测因素。     

乙酰肝素酶与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是致死率较高的常见心血管疾病,乙酰肝素酶是能够裂解细胞外膜中硫酸乙酰蛋白多糖上侧链乙酰肝素的一种内切性β-D-葡萄糖醛酸糖苷酶,且其非酶活性也在许多正常生理活动或病理疾病中发挥作用。研究表明乙酰肝素酶与动脉粥样硬化的形成和进展有着紧密的联系。本文综述了乙酰肝素酶损伤内皮、促凝、诱导炎症因子及脂质聚集等作用,并阐述其在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中的作用及机制。     

乙酰肝素酶在肺癌侵袭转移及治疗中作用的研究进展

乙酰肝素酶是一种β-D-葡萄糖醛酸内切酶,为体内惟一能够降解硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖的酶,可以在特定部位裂解硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖,破坏细胞外基质及基底膜,并参与恶性肿瘤新生血管的形成,与恶性肿瘤的侵袭转移密切相关,乙酰肝素酶由此成为抗肿瘤作用的新靶点,其抑制剂有望成为临床抗肿瘤治疗的新途径.本文就乙酰肝素酶在肺癌侵袭转移及治疗中作用的研究作一综述.     

Syndecan-1和乙酰肝素酶在胃癌淋巴结转移中的相互作用

胃癌的侵袭和转移涉及多个步骤，其中穿越由细胞外基质和基底膜组成的屏障是必不可少的一步。该屏障主要由两种成分构成：一是结构蛋白，二是糖氨聚糖，后者的主要成分是硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多糖(HSPG)。乙酰肝素酶(HPA)基因编码的蛋白质是惟一降解HSPG硫酸肝素(HS)侧链的核苷内切酶。我们先前的研究显示，HPA mRNA表达与胃癌淋巴结转移有关，且可能通过与CD44v6和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-7的协同作用参与胃癌的侵袭转移。     

乙酰肝素酶在胃癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的 探讨乙酰肝素酶在胃癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测60例胃癌术后组织标本及正常组织中乙酰肝素酶的表达,分析乙酰肝素酶表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系.结果 胃癌组织中存在乙酰肝素酶蛋白的表达,并定位于肿瘤细胞质中.60例胃癌组织中有40例乙酰肝素酶表达阳性(40/60,66.7％),正常组织有1例表达阳性(1/10,10％),两组间差异显著(P ＜0.05).乙酰肝素酶蛋白在胃癌中的表达与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径无关(P＞0.05),与组织学分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05).结论 乙酰肝素酶在胃癌中高表达,与胃癌进展程度和恶性行为相关,对胃癌的发生、发展起促进作用,可为临床治疗和诊断提供一定依据.     

乙酰肝素酶在白血病细胞中的表达

目的:观察乙酰肝素酶(HPA)在不同类型白血病细胞中的表达。方法:研究组为白血病患者53例,对照组为缺铁性贫血患者20例。采用Western blotting方法检测骨髓单个核细胞HPA蛋白表达,比较研究组与对照组、研究组内急性髓系白血病与急性淋巴细胞白血病、初发急性白血病与慢性白血病HPA蛋白表达差异。结果:研究组患者骨髓中单个核细胞HPA蛋白表达与对照组比较均显著升高(均P0.05)。研究组内比较,急性髓系白血病HPA蛋白表达显著高于急性淋巴细胞白血病(P0.05);初发急性白血病骨髓中单个核细胞HPA蛋白表达显著高于慢性白血病组(P0.05)。结论:白血病细胞HPA蛋白高表达;不同类型白血病表达水平不同,急性白血病,尤其是急性髓系白血病表达更加明显。     

乙酰肝素酶与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系

目的探讨乙酰肝素酶在人体冠状动脉稳定性斑块和不稳定性斑块中的分布及其在不稳定性斑块形成中的可能作用。方法选取经临床和病理解剖证实的急性冠状动脉综合征病例进行免疫组织化学检测并通过计算机分析系统进行量化分析。结果不稳定性斑块组乙酰肝素酶的聚集程度明显高于稳定性斑块组。结论乙酰肝素酶与斑块不稳定性存在一定联系,可能参与了斑块的去稳定过程。     

HPA反义寡核苷酸对人食管癌EC9706细胞中HPA蛋白表达的影响

目的　探讨乙酰肝素酶 (HPA)反义寡核苷酸 (ASODN)对人食管癌 EC970 6细胞中 HPA蛋白表达的影响。方法　将食管癌 EC970 6细胞体外分组贴壁培养 ,实验组分别用设计合成的 10、2 0、30 μm ol/ L 三种浓度的 4条封闭肝素酶不同基因位点的 ASODN(ASODN- t1 、ASODN- t2 、ASODN- t3、ASODN- t4 )。对照 组为 1条无关寡核苷酸 (N - ODN)转染 EC970 6细胞 ,对照 组为无转染。采用免疫组化 (SP)法检测各组 EC970 6细胞中HPA蛋白表达情况。结果　实验组中 3种浓度的 4条 HPA- t2 效应最强。不同浓度的 4条 HPA ASODN对EC970 6细胞中 HPA蛋白表达的影响无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但均低于对照 组及对照 组 (无转染 )(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　HPA ASODN可抑制食管癌 EC970 6细胞中 HPA蛋白表达。     

声门上型喉癌中乙酰肝素酶的表达及意义

目的探讨乙酰肝素酶(HPA)在声门上型喉癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组化技术检测HPA蛋白在60例声门上型喉癌组织和癌旁组织、10例正常喉组织中的表达情况。结果60例癌组织中,27例(45.0%)HPA蛋白阳性表达,癌旁组织中仅3例(5.0%)阳性表达,10例正常喉组织均为阴性表达。HPA蛋白的表达与TNM分期、颈淋巴结转移率、复发率及5a生存率有关(P<0.05)。结论声门上型喉癌组织中HPA蛋白高表达,并与肿瘤的侵袭转移、复发、预后有关。     

大肠腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶及碱性成纤维细胞因子的表达

目的 探讨乙酰肝素酶(HPA) mRNA,HPA、碱性成纤维细胞因子(bFGF)蛋白的表达在大肠腺癌侵袭、转移过程中的临床病理意义.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测70例大肠腺癌组织中HPA、bFGF两种蛋白的表达,应用原位杂交技术检测HPA mRNA的表达.结果 ①70例大肠腺癌组织中HPA mRNA及HPA、bFGF两种蛋白的阳性表达率分别为58.57％、62.86％、74.30％,高于癌旁正常组织中相应的阳性表达率(分别为13.33％、6.67％、20.00％);②HPA mRNA及两种蛋白的表达在浸润至浆膜外组高于浆膜层以内浸润组,在淋巴结有转移组高于淋巴结无转移组(P＜0.05);在不同DUKES分期(A期、B期、C+D期)组间比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);③大肠腺癌组织中HPA mRNA的表达与HPA蛋白的表达具有较高的一致性;④大肠腺癌组织中HPA与bFGF的阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.262,P =0.028).结论 ①HPA mRNA和HPA、bFGF两种蛋白在大肠腺癌中表达增高,其过表达可能促进大肠腺癌的侵袭、转移;②大肠腺癌组织中HPA与bFGF的阳性表达呈正相关,提示两者在大肠腺癌的侵袭、转移中可能具有协同作用.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.