运动试验后收缩压异常升高对冠心病诊断价值的初步探讨

目的　评价运动试验恢复期收缩压异常升高对冠心病的诊断价值 ,以及高血压对其诊断准确性的影响。方法　观察了 80例先后行平板运动试验和冠状动脉造影的患者 ,根据高血压病的有无和冠状动脉造影结果分组 ,以运动试验后 6min内 ,收缩压后期比前期升高≥ 10mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)为收缩压异常升高为阳性判定标准。结果　收缩压异常升高诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阳性似然比 ,高于ST段压低标准 ;其敏感性与冠状动脉病变程度成正比 ;对合并高血压的患者 ,两指标 (收缩压异常升高和ST段压低 )联用可显著提高诊断的特异性和阳性预测值。结论　运动试验恢复期收缩压异常升高可作为诊断冠心病的一个有效参考指标     

运动试验恢复期收缩压异常升高诊断冠心病的初步探讨

目的 探讨运动后收缩压异常升高对冠心病的诊断价值，以及高血压对其诊断准确性的影响。方法 88例先后行平板运动试验和冠脉造影的患，根据高血压的有无和冠脉造影结果分组。以运动后恢复早期6min内，收缩压后期比前期升高≥10mmHg为收缩压异常升高的阳性判定标准。结果 收缩压异常升高诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性，高于ST段压低标准；其敏感性与冠脉病变程度成正比，其升高值亦与冠脉病变成正相关；在非高血压组其诊断的准确性较高，对合并高血压的患，两指标联用的诊断准确性最高。结论 运动后收缩压异常升高可作为诊断冠心病的一个有效指标。     

老年女性冠心病危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点临床研究

目的 探讨老年女性冠心病患者相关危险因素和冠状动脉病变特点. 方法 入选2003年4月至2012年5月在我科行Judkins法冠状动脉造影的连续2017例患者,根据年龄、性別及冠状动脉造影结果将其分为老年女性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)760例、老年女性对照组(年龄≥60岁)475例、青中年女性冠心病组(年龄＜60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)97例、老年男性冠心病组(年龄≥60岁,冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50％)685例.分析老年女性冠心病患者临床相关危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点. 结果 老年女性冠心病组与老年女性对照组比较,收缩压(154.0±28.8)与(146.9±27.2) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、空腹血糖(6.5±2.4)与(6.1±1.7) mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(6.5±1.3)与(6.2±0.9)％、血清尿酸(312.5±104.7)与(282.5±84.5)μmol/L升高(均P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(1.3±0.5)与(1.5±0.8)mmol/L降低(P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析结果显示,与老年女性冠心病独立相关的危险因素依次为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=2.454,95％CI:1.462～4.121,P％0.01)、血清尿酸(OR=0.997,95％cI:0.995～0.999,P＜0.01)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=0.749,95％CI:0.609～0.921,P＜0.01).老年女性冠心病组冠状动脉造影结果提示,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,行冠状动脉内支架置入术的比例高于青中年女性冠心病组[48.7％(370例)与34.0(33例),P＜0.05];但较老年男性冠心病组低[48.7％(370例)与55.6％(381例),P＜0.05]. 结论 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血清尿酸是老年女性冠心病发病的独立危险因素,老年女性冠心病患者以多支病变和双支病变为主,冠状动脉病变累及范围广、程度重.     

老年女性冠心病病人血清雌激素、B型利钠肽水平与其发病及病变程度的关系

目的探讨老年女性冠心病病人血清雌激素、B型利钠肽(BNP)水平与冠心病发病及病变程度的关系。方法选取2014年3月—2017年12月于山西医科大学第二医院住院并行选择性冠状动脉造影术检查的老年女性绝经后病人,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组(91例)与非冠心病组(70例),观察两组临床特征、实验室生化检查指标和冠状动脉病变特点的差异。结果冠心病组血清雌二醇水平显著低于非冠心病组(P0.05),而血清BNP水平高于非冠心病组(P0.05);冠心病组血清BNP水平与冠状动脉病变程度相关,3支病变病人的血清BNP水平显著高于单支及2支冠状动脉病变病人(P0.05);冠心病组血清BNP与雌二醇水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.511,P0.05)。结论老年女性绝经后冠心病病人血清雌激素水平显著降低,BNP水平升高,且BNP与冠状动脉病变程度显著相关,这对于冠心病具有重要的诊断及危险分层价值。血清雌激素与BNP呈负相关,提示雌激素对BNP的分泌可能具有调节作用。     

动态动脉硬化指数与老年冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与老年冠心病的发生及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法 267例拟诊冠心病的老年患者均行冠状动脉造影检查,得到患者冠状动脉病变的支数,并计算Gensini评分。根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组219例,非冠心病组48例;将冠心病组又分为单支病变组62例,双支病变组71例和3支病变组86例;对所有病例按Gensini评分的三分位数分为Gensini评分低分组86例(≤15分)、中分组92例(16~42分)及高分组89例(≥43分)。测量患者24h动态血压并计算AASI。结果冠心病组AASI显著高于非冠心病组(0.51±0.13 vs 0.46±0.15,P0.05)。与非冠心病组比较,双支病变组和3支病变组AASI水平显著升高(0.53±0.14、0.51±0.12 vs 0.46±0.15,P0.05),单支病变组与非冠心病组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Gensini评分中分组和高分组AASI显著高于低分组(0.51±0.14、0.52±0.13 vs 0.45±0.14,P0.01)。多元线性回归分析示,性别、AASI、踝肱指数与Gensini评分独立相关(β=0.224,P=0.001;β=0.145,P=0.025;β=-0.261,P=0.000)。结论 AASI对老年冠心病的发生及冠状动脉病变的严重程度有一定的预测价值。     

老年冠心病患者颈动脉硬度与冠状动脉造影的相关性研究

目的 检测老年冠心病患者的颈动脉硬度,探讨其与冠心病的相关性及在老年冠心病诊断中的价值.方法 选择35例老年冠心病患者进行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影,并根据其结果进行冠脉病变评分,同时检测颈动脉硬度;并与高血压组、高血脂组和健康老年组比较.结果 老年冠心病组的颈动脉紧张度(8.15±1.54)、动脉扩张性(0.34±0.07)及动脉僵硬度(640.51±150.98)与其他组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且与冠脉病变积分呈明显相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 老年冠心病患者的颈动脉硬度指标变化程度与冠脉狭窄程度相平行,可以作为预测冠心病的发生、发展及严重程度的一个指标.     

血清脂蛋白(a)水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的:探讨血清脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法:318例住院患者,根据冠状动脉造影分为冠心病组(189例)和非冠心病组(129例),冠心病组又根据冠脉病变情况又分为单支病变组(93例)、双支病变组(60例)及三支病变组(36例),检测各组血清Lp(a)水平,探讨血清Lp(a)水平与冠状动脉病变的关系。结果:与非冠心病组比较,冠心病组血清Lp(a)水平明显升高[(14.89±14.71)mg/dl比(21.15±13.71)mg/dl],P0.01;随着冠状动脉病变支数的增加,血清Lp(a)水平逐渐升高,与单支病变组比较,三支病变组血清Lp(a)水平[(21.99±13.05)mg/d比(26.94±10.32)mg/d]显著升高;与单支病变组和双支病变组比较,三支病变组Lp(a)异常率(16.2%、15.0%比25.0%)明显升高(P均0.05);Logistic回归分析结果表明Lp(a)是冠心病的独立危险因素(OR=1.56,P=0.024)。结论:血清脂蛋白a与冠状动脉病变及其程度密切相关,可作为一项预测冠心病及其严重程度的指标。     

应用冠状动脉钙化积分诊断老年人冠心病的研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分(CACS)结合测量颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)在老年人冠心病诊断中的价值. 方法 68例患者均行多层螺旋CT测定CACS、测量颈动脉IMT及冠状动脉造影检查,冠心病组36例患者行冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病;非冠心病组32例,为冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉狭窄＜50%者.比较冠心病组与非冠心病组CACS值及颈动脉IMT.结果冠心病组CACS较非冠心病组明显升高[分别为(349.5±86.3)分和(74.7±25.2)分,t=13.670,P＜0.01],且CACS值随冠状动脉狭窄程度加重而增加.冠心病组IMT与非冠心病组比较,差异有统计学意义[分别为(0.69±0.13)mm和(1.11±0.05)mm,t=13.587,P＜0.01].冠心病患者中,颈动脉IMT与CACS呈正相关(r=0.950,P＜0.01).36例冠心病患者中,CACS与IMT均阳性28例(77.8%);32例非冠心病患者中,CACS与IMT均阳性4例(12.5%),两者相比较差异有统计学意义(X2=28.976,P＜0.01). 结论 CACS与颈动脉IMT测定对预测冠心病有较高的敏感性和特异性,可作为无创性冠心病诊断方法 .     

颈动脉粥样斑块超声指标与冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

目的分析超声检测颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)对诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的价值,及冠状动脉粥样硬化Gensini评分与颈动脉粥样硬化Crouse积分的相关性,为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的防治提供简单易行的检测依据。方法选取成都医学院附属第二医院及四川大学华西医院于2015年1月~2017年1月心血管内科诊治并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的患者114例,根据CAG检查结果将其分为非冠心病组(n=40)与冠心病组(n=74),再根据冠状动脉病变支数将冠心病组分为三个亚组,比较非冠心病组、冠心病组的颈动脉IMT、颈动脉斑块Crouse积分,探讨Gensini评分与Crouse积分的关系;评估颈动脉超声诊断冠心病临床价值。结果冠心病组的IMT较非冠心病组显著增厚,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其三个亚组(单支病变亚组、两支病变亚组、三支病变亚组)的IMT分别为(0.94±0.15)mm、(1.17±0.17)mm、(1.21±0.23)mm;非冠心病组Crouse积分为(1.11±0.75)分,Gensini积分为(0.0±0.0)分;冠心病组Crouse积分为(5.14±3.41)分,Gensini积分为(22.2±11.02)分,冠心病组上述指标均高于非冠心病组(P0.05);相关性分析显示Crouse积分与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.354,P=0.001);诊断实验四格表显示颈动脉超声诊断冠心病的诊断符合率为86.0%。结论利用颈动脉超声检查的指标去诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化病变严重程度与颈动脉粥样硬化程度的相关性,具有可实践性,值得临床推广。     

平板运动试验心脏变时指数诊断冠心病的价值

目的探讨平板运动试验心脏变时性指数(CI)对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对694例拟诊为冠心病的患者(男514例,女180例)先行平板运动试验,测定试验过程中患者心电图ST段变化值和心脏变时性指数,随后行冠状动脉造影检查,以冠状动脉造影结果作为诊断冠心病的标准。结果①平板运动试验中,传统ST段改变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为66.6%7、67.36%、70.15%;②ST段指标联合CI的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为75.55%、83.66%、81.34%。CI与冠状动脉病变支数相关,CI平均值从0支冠状动脉病变的1.03±0.25,逐渐下降到3支冠状动脉病变的0.52±0.24(p<0.05)。结论①平板运动试验中ST阳性结合CI可提高诊断冠心病的特异性(p<0.05);②CI与冠状动脉病变支数相关,CI可作为诊断冠心病的一种有效指标。     

Preliminary study of abnormal increase of postexercise systolic blood pressure in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Objectives This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal increase of postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP)for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with or without hypertension. Methods Treadmill exercise testing (TET) was conducted in 88 patients (40 CAD patients, 48 control subjects) with or without hypertension, each of whom underwent selective coronary angiography (CAG). The abnormal increase of postexercise SBP was defined as 10mmHg higher than earlier periods during the recover), phase (6 minutes)of exercise testing. Results The abnormal increase of postexercise SBP had higher sensitivity, specificity,and accuracy for detecting CAD than those of ST - segment depression in patients with or without hypertension. Its accuracy increased with the severity of CAD while decreased in patients with hypertension, and the increase value of SBP had a positive correlation with the extent of coronary artery lesion. The combination of ST - segment depression and abnormal increase of postexercise SBP diagnosed CAD most accurately in patients with hypertension. Conclusions Abnormal increase of postexercise SBP may be a useful index for diagnosing CAD.     

Diagnostic value of the ratio of recovery systolic blood pressure to peak exercise systolic blood pressure for the detection of coronary artery disease

It has been previously reported that at treadmill exercise testing an abnormal ratio of recovery systolic blood pressure (SBP) to peak exercise SBP is more sensitive than exercise-induced angina or ST segment depression for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). To investigate whether the SBP ratio keeps its diagnostic value during upright bicycle exercise, we evaluated the ratio of postexercise SBP to peak SBP in 73 patients with angiographically documented CAD and in 48 patients with normal coronary arteries (OV group) undergoing maximal stress testing on a bicycle ergometer. Three minutes after exercise ended, SBP ratio was significantly higher in the CAD than in the OV group (0.79 +/- 0.1 vs 0.71 +/- 0.08; p less than .001). Setting the upper normal limits of the recovery SBP ratio at 2 SDs from the mean for the OV group (SBP ratio = 0.98 and 0.88 at 1 and 3 min after exercise, respectively), with an increase or no change in SBP ratio at between 1 and 3 min of recovery considered an abnormal response, the sensitivity of SBP ratio was 30%, the specificity was 83%, and the accuracy was 51%. The respective values for ST depression were 81% (p less than .0001 vs SBP ratio), 48% (p less than .001 vs SBP ratio), and 67% (p less than .01 vs SBP ratio). Thus, for bicycle ergometer exercise testing, ST segment depression seems to be more accurate than SBP ratio in diagnosing CAD.     

Assessment of coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients with delayed systolic blood pressure response after exercise testing

BACKGROUND: We evaluated usefulness of the postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) response for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A treadmill exercise testing was done, and the SBP response was measured in 44 hemodialysis patients (30 men, 14 women; age 41 to 81 years). The postexercise SBP response was defined as the ratio of SBP after 3 minutes of recovery to SBP at peak exercise. RESULTS: The SBP ratio of the 25 subjects with coronary artery stenosis (1.01+/- 0.13) was significantly greater (p<0.01) than 19 subjects without coronary artery stenosis (0.83+/- 0.10). An SBP ratio greater than 0.92 identified CAD with higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than did the conventional ST-segment depression criterion (76 vs. 56%, 90 vs. 53%, and 82 vs. 55%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Determination of the SBP ratio is a clinically useful, noninvasive method for accurately detecting CAD in hemodialysis patients.     

Mechanism of abnormal postexercise systolic blood pressure response and its diagnostic value in patients with coronary artery disease

To define the factors that affect an abnormal postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) response and to verify the diagnostic value of that response in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we studied 33 normal subjects, eight patients with hypertension who had no CAD, and 42 patients with documented CAD who underwent supine leg exercise testing. SBP recovery ratios were derived by dividing the values obtained 1 and 3 minutes after exercise by the peak value. The upper normal limit of the SBP ratio was defined by two standard deviations from the mean for 33 normal subjects. The specificity of this criterion for identifying patients with CAD was 97% and the sensitivity was 60%. None of the eight patients with hypertension showed an abnormal postexercise SBP response. At peak exercise the pulmonary artery wedge pressure was significantly greater in the patients with CAD having an abnormal response. In multiple regression analysis the exercise pulmonary artery wedge pressure, the exercise SBP, and the systemic vascular resistance after exercise were determining factors for an abnormal SBP response. Three-vessel disease was more common in patients with an abnormal response. Results of this study indicate that an abnormal postexercise SBP response appears to be determined by (1) the extent of exercise-induced impairment of left ventricular function and (2) peripheral vascular tone during recovery. This study also suggests that this criterion can increase the specificity of supine exercise testing in patients with CAD including those with hypertension and might provide a marker for the severity of impaired left ventricular function by exercise in CAD.     

运动试验收缩压和舒张压反应异常对冠心病的诊断价值及其机制

104例患者接受冠脉造影和平板运动试验,评价运动后SBP恢复比和运动中DBP增量对冠心病的诊断价值。SBP恢复比与DBP增量异常的敏感度与特异度分别为59%、52%与96%、92%,而ST段压低标准则分别为71%与84%。高血压病组中三种指标的假阳性率分别为38%、42%与33%。SBP恢复比与EF呈负相关,与SVR呈正相关,提示运动引起的血压反应异常是左心功能受损和SVR增加所致。     

Diagnostic usefulness of postexercise systolic blood pressure response for detection of coronary artery disease in patients with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: Although exercise-induced electrocardiographic ST segment changes are used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD), their diagnostic value is markedly decreased in patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. There have been no reports concerning postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) response in patients with ultrasound echocardiographic (UCG) LV hypertrophy and CAD. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with both UCG-LV hypertrophy (LV mass index 134 g/m2 or greater for men or 110 g/m2 or greater for women) and positive ST depression of at least 0.1 mV during treadmill exercise testing were studied. Coronary cineangiograms showed normal coronary arteries in 19 patients (group 1) and significant CAD in 47 patients (group 2). The SBP ratio was calculated by dividing the SBP 3 min after exercise (3 min SBP) by the SBP at peak exercise (peak SBP). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in LV mass index, SBP at rest, exercise duration, ST depression (at rest and exercise-induced) or 3 min SBP. However, the SBP ratio was significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1 (0.87+/-0.11 versus 1.01+/-0.18; P=0.004). Analysis of relative cumulative frequency distributions revealed an SBP ratio of 0.92 as the cutoff point for distinguishing a UCG-LV hypertrophy patient with CAD from one without CAD. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with an SBP ratio of 0.92 and an ST segment depression of at least 0.1 mV on treadmill exercise testing for detecting CAD in patients with UCG-LV hypertrophy were 77%, 74% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the ratio of early post-exercise SBP to peak exercise SBP may be diagnostically useful in detecting CAD in patients with positive ST depression during an exercise test and UCG-LV hypertrophy.     

Studies on ergometer exercise testing. I. Significance of the type of ST-segment response, sex, and chest pain

Ergometer exercise electrocardiographic (EECG) data were surveyed in a series of 328 patients (277 men and 51 women) subjected to coronary arteriography. The sensitivity and specificity of EECG for coronary artery disease (CAD) were 84% and 54%, respectively. The predictive accuracy of a positive test for CAD was 95% in men and 81% in women. The predictive accuracy of a negative test was 25% in men and 62% in women. When slowly ascending ST depression was considered insignificant, the sensitivity of EECG declined to 71%, with an increase in specificity to 64%. CAD was present in 89% of the patients with slowly ascending ST depression and 65% of them had a multivessel disease. Seventy-two subjects had postexercise ST-segment elevation. The predictive value of this sign for CAD was 94%. Exercise-induced chest pain had quite a similar diagnostic significance as EECG. The prevalence of CAD in patients with a history of typical angina was 94% in both sexes. Atypical chest pain was associated with normal coronary arteriography in 59% of males and 100% of females.     

运动试验阴性的男性患者QT离散度的变化对冠心病的诊断价值

目的 观测运动试验中QT离散度的改变是否能够增加运动试验对冠心病的检出率。方法分析60例因有明显的临床指征而行冠状动脉造影的男性患者,术前患者运动试验均未诱发ST段压低。其中34例为两年期间连续冠状动脉造影结果未见显著狭窄者(对照组),26例为两年期间连续冠状动脉狭窄者(实验组)。两组分别测量运动试验前及运动试验后1、3、5分钟12导心电图最长和最短的QT间期的差值,即QT离散度(QTd)。结果 运动停止即刻实验组QTd明显较对照组大。以运动停止即刻QTd大于60ms为指标诊断冠心病的敏感性为84.6％,特异性为76.5％,符合率为87.7％。结论 对运动试验未能诱发出ST段压低的人群。以运动停止即刻QTd大于60ms作为诊断冠心病的指标,可以提高诊断的准确性。     

Usefulness of paradoxical systolic blood pressure increase after exercise as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality

Exercise treadmill testing (ETT) is a well-accepted examination for patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise induced ST-segment deviation is commonly used for CAD detection. However, recent evidence shows that systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes during and after exercise were associated with CAD severity, risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke, new-onset hypertension, and even cardiovascular mortality. We retrospectively assessed 3,054 patients referred for ETT in 1996. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at rest, during peak exercise, and 1 and 3 min after exercise. SBP at 3 min of recovery equal to or higher than that at 1-min of recovery was defined as paradoxical SBP increase. These patients were categorized into 4 groups according to ETT ST-segment change and postexercise SBP change. After 10 years of follow-up, 346 patients (11%) died, with 129 (4%) dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among the 4 groups, patients with ischemic ST-segment change and paradoxical SBP increase were associated with a higher risk for mortality, with odds ratios of 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.31 to 2.65) for all-cause mortality and 3.18 (95% confidence interval 1.94 to 5.20) for CVD mortality, respectively. Patients with isolated paradoxical SBP increase still had a higher risk of CVD mortality (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.04), even after controlling other cardiovascular risk factors. In subgroup analysis of 346 mortality subjects, patients with ischemic ST-segment change and paradoxical SBP increase would be more likely to die from CVD. In conclusion, compared with ischemic ST-segment change, paradoxical SBP increase after exercise is an important and significant predictor of CVD mortality.