新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长及指长比的特点

背景:在人类胚胎期的前3个月指长比值就基本确定,指长及指长比具有性别和侧别差异,指长比可能还存在民族、地区及人种差异,至今尚未有人进行过新疆哈萨克族成人指长比方面的研究。目的:探讨新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长比的特点。方法:随机选择18-25岁健康新疆哈萨克族青年200例(男100例,女100例),进行双手后前位X射线拍片,分别测量指骨长度,同时测量身高,将所得数据用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析处理。结果与结论:新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长均呈现3D4D2D5D;男性指长比具有3D∶5D4D∶5D2D∶5D3D∶4D2D∶3D2D∶4D趋势,女性指长比具有3D∶5D2D∶5D3D∶4D4D∶5D2D∶4D2D∶3D趋势;左右手2D∶3D,3D∶4D,4D∶5D指长比均值男性大于女性,左右手2D∶4D,2D∶5D,3D∶5D指长比均数女性大于男性,男女性左右手指长比2D∶4D和4D∶5D的差异有显著性意义(P0.05);不同性别中,左侧指长比3D∶5D差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结果说明,新疆哈萨克族指长比具有侧别差异性,其中以2D∶4D和4D∶5D最为显著;性别差异性3D∶5D最为显著。     

新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长及指长比的特点CSCD

背景:在人类胚胎期的前3个月指长比值就基本确定,指长及指长比具有性别和侧别差异,指长比可能还存在民族、地区及人种差异,至今尚未有人进行过新疆哈萨克族成人指长比方面的研究。目的:探讨新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长比的特点。方法:随机选择18-25岁健康新疆哈萨克族青年200例(男100例,女100例),进行双手后前位X射线拍片,分别测量指骨长度,同时测量身高,将所得数据用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析处理。结果与结论:新疆哈萨克族青年人群指长均呈现3D>4D>2D>5D;男性指长比具有3D∶5D>4D∶5D>2D∶5D>3D∶4D>2D∶3D>2D∶4D趋势,女性指长比具有3D∶5D>2D∶5D>3D∶4D>4D∶5D>2D∶4D>2D∶3D趋势;左右手2D∶3D,3D∶4D,4D∶5D指长比均值男性大于女性,左右手2D∶4D,2D∶5D,3D∶5D指长比均数女性大于男性,男女性左右手指长比2D∶4D和4D∶5D的差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);不同性别中,左侧指长比3D∶5D差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结果说明,新疆哈萨克族指长比具有侧别差异性,其中以2D∶4D和4D∶5D最为显著;性别差异性3D∶5D最为显著。     

拉萨藏族青少年左手指长比和指长／身高的特点

目的:探讨拉萨藏族指长比和指长/身高的特点,获得该地区此方面体质人类学数值.方法:知情同意原则下,随机抽取拉萨地区年龄7～20岁藏族青少年1 365例(男性682例,女性683例),拍摄左手X线片并测量身高,X线测量2D、3D、4D、5D指长,计算指长比和指长/身高.结果:指长比、指长/身高在个体生长发育中保持稳定;指长比表现为3D∶5D＞4D∶5D＞2D∶5D＞3D∶4D＞2D∶4D＞2D∶3D,性别差异有统计学意义,表现为男性低于女性;4D∶H、5D∶H表现为男性高于女性的性别差异,2D∶H女性高于男性,但差异无统计学意义.结论:X线测量拉萨藏族人群各指长比、4D∶H、5D∶H性别差异有统计学意义.     

宁夏回族和汉族群体指长比的研究

目的研究宁夏回、汉族群体指长比,比较分析宁夏两种不同民族、不同性别群体左右手及不同民族指长比均值的分布特点。方法采用体质测量法,研究宁夏回族412例(男:219例,女:193例)、汉族439例(男:241例,女:198例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D)。结果指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;同一民族左右手指长比均数女性高于男性,且2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D有显著性差异(P<0.05);同一性别不同民族左右手指长比无显著性差异。结论指长比在性别间存在差异,2D:4D具有明显的性别差异。     

指长比与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 研究宁夏男性指长比与冠心病的相关性. 方法 采用体质测量法,研究宁夏汉族男性304例(正常对照152例,冠心病患者152例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D),探讨其与冠心病的相关性. 结果 宁夏汉族男性正常对照组与冠心病患者组指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;冠心病患者组指长比均值高于正常对照组,2D:3D(左手P<0.05)、2D:4D有显著性差异(左手P<0.01;右手P<0.05),2D>4D的比例高于对照组;冠心病患者组指长比均值与发病年龄呈负相关(P<0.001). 结论 指长比,尤其是左手2D:4D可能是冠心病早期筛选的重要参考指标之一.     

辽宁汉族指长比三种测量方法的对比分析

目的通过不同的测量方法的对比分析,探讨科学准确的辽宁汉族学生指长比的测量方法。方法随机抽取辽宁地区汉族的学生245人(男124人,女121人),分别应用直接测量(Z)、放射X线(X1)、放射X线(X2)三种方法测量其手指2D、3D、4D、5D的长度,比较其均值及不同测量方法的差异。结果直接测量和放射线X1、X2三种方法均发现男女右手2D:4D指长比存在性别差异(P<0.01),直接测量方法显示左手2D:5D指长比也存在明显的性别差异,放射线X1测量方法显示左、右手的2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D以及右手的3D:4D、3D:5D指长比存在明显的性别差异,放射线X2方法还发现右手的2D:3D、2D:5D、左手的2D:4D以及左右手的3D:5D、4D:5D存在显著的性别差异。结论右手2D:4D、左手2D:5D指长比存在显著的性别差异三种方法都可应用于2D:4D、2D:5D指长比的研究。     

浙江汉族群体2D～5D手指长度的比值分析

目的对浙江省汉族群体手指长度进行测量,探讨浙江省汉族群体指长比的特点。方法参照人体测量学方法,直接测量了浙江省汉族健康人群860例(男性:318例,女性:542例)左右侧手指长度(拇指除外),计算指长比值并对数据进行分析。结果指长比呈现为2D:3D﹤2D:4D﹤3D:4D﹤2D:5D﹤4D:5D﹤3D:5D;浙江省汉族群体2D:4D均值大于辽宁汉族、宁夏汉族、宁夏回族,与其他国家指长比之间也存在差异;浙江汉族群体指长比存在性别、侧别差异。结论浙江汉族群体指长比具有性别、侧别差异,且与其它国家、民族、地区、人种存在差异。     

湘西汉族脑梗死患者的指长比

目的:通过对湘西地区脑梗死患者和健康成人的手指长及指长比进行对比研究,对指长比与脑梗死之间的关系进行初步探讨,以期为国内脑梗死的早期筛选提供间接的依据。方法:抽取就诊于怀化市第一人民医院的湘西汉族男性300例(健康对照组150例,脑梗死患者150例)、女性300例(健康对照组150例,脑梗死患者150例)。采用人体测量学方法测量了2~5指长度,并计算出指长比,探讨指长比与脑梗死之间的关系。结果:脑梗死患者与正常对照组指长比的比较显示,指长比均值表现为男性脑梗死患者2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D均大于健康对照组,其中左手2D∶3D、2D∶4D和右手2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D差异有统计学意义。女性脑梗死患者2D∶3D、2D∶4D和2D∶5D也同样均大于健康对照组,其中左手2D∶3D、2D∶4D和右手2D∶4D、2D∶3D差异有统计学意义。结论:湘西汉族脑梗死患者与健康对照组指长比有差异,尤其是2D∶4D可能是脑梗死早期筛选的一个重要参数。     

指长比与男性胃癌的相关性分析

研究宁夏汉族男性指长比(2D:4D)与胃癌的关系。采用体质测量法,比较宁夏汉族男性186例(对照组93例,胃癌患者组93例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D)均值及其差异性,分析2D:4D与年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移程度及转移距离间的相关性。宁夏汉族男性胃癌患者组各指长比均值均低于对照组,2D:4D、3D:4D差异有统计学意义;胃癌患者组2D:4D1的比例显著高于对照组;2D:4D均值与胃癌患者年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移程度及转移距离无相关性。指长比,尤其是2D:4D与宁夏汉族男性胃癌有关,可能是胃癌早期筛查的间接指标之一。     

贵州毛南族成人指长比的研究

目的 研究贵州毛南族成人群体指长比特点.方法 在知情同意下,采用人类体质测量法,对438例(男218例,女220例)生活在贵州平塘县卡蒲毛南族乡的毛南族成人左右手指长比进行活体测量.调查对象年龄18-55岁,三代均为毛南族.结果 贵州毛南族成人指长比均值呈现2D∶3D＜2D∶4D＜3D∶4D＜2D∶5D＜4D∶5D＜3...     

宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与月经初潮年龄的关系*

目的：探讨宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与月经初潮年龄（AAM）的关系。方法：选取宁夏地区汉族在校女 大学生389 例,采用体质测量及问卷调查方法,比较各指指长比（2D∶3D、2D∶4D、2D∶5D、3D∶4D、3D∶5D、 4D∶5D）均值在左、右手间的差异性,并分析指长比与AAM的相关性。结果：宁夏汉族女大学生左、右手间各 指指长比均值差异无统计学意义,均表现为3D∶5D > 4D∶5D > 2D∶5D > 3D∶4D > 2D∶4D > 2D∶3D的递减趋势; 总人群中,右手2D∶3D、左手2D∶4D、右手2D∶4D及右手3D∶4D与AAM间存在负相关,其余指长比与AAM 无相关性;亚组人群中,右手高2D∶4D与AAM间存在负相关。结论：宁夏汉族女大学生指长比与AAM有关, 右手2D∶4D高的女性AAM可能会相对较早。     

指长比与地方院校医学生心理健康状态的关系*

目的：分析指长比与地方院校医学生心理健康状态的关系。方法：采用体质测量法及症状自评量表-90 （SCL-90）问卷调查,比较469 例高校男、女大学生（ 男性211 例,女性258 例）左右手指长比各均值的差异性, 并分析男、女生指长比与SCL-90 的相关性。结果：女性医学生左、右手2D∶3D、2D∶4D、 2D∶5D、3D∶5D 指长比均高于男性,其左手4D∶5D指长比高于男性;女性医学生左手指长比2D∶4D与躯体化、强迫症、抑郁、 恐惧呈正相关,3D∶4D与躯体化、恐惧呈负相关,其右手指长比2D∶3D与躯体化、焦虑、敌对、其他呈正相关, 2D∶5D与精神病性呈正相关;男性医学生左手指长比2D∶4D与躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对呈正相关,其右手 指长比2D∶4D 与躯体化、抑郁呈正相关,其他指长比与SCL-90 因子无相关性。结论：地方院校医学生男、女 指长比具有性别差异,男、女性医学生指长比与心理健康状况均有一定相关性。     

广西汉族和壮族大学生指长比与攻击行为的相关性

目的:探讨广西汉族和壮族大学生指长比与攻击行为的相关性,为预防大学生攻击行为的发生提供一定的参考。方法:随机选取416例身体健康的广西汉族和壮族大学生(汉族182例,壮族234例)为研究对象。在知情同意的条件下,采用直接测量法测量左右手2D、3D、4D和5D指长,并用攻击行为问卷对研究对象进行调查。按民族和性别分组,计算左右手指长比2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D和4D:5D,探讨左右手各指长比与攻击行为的相关性。结果:汉族男生右2D:4D与敌对呈正直线相关。汉族女生左2D:3D与愤怒、敌对和攻击总分呈正直线相关,左2D:4D与敌对呈正直线相关,左3D:5D与身体攻击、右3D:5D与身体攻击和攻击总分、左4D:5D与身体攻击、右4D:5D与身体攻击和攻击总分均呈负直线相关。壮族女生右2D:3D与敌对和攻击总分呈正直线相关,右3D:5D与敌对呈负直线相关。结论:部分指长比对预防广西汉族大学生和广西壮族女大学生攻击行为的发生可能具有一定的参考意义。     

浙江汉族群体指长比与寻常性痤疮的相关性

目的探讨浙江汉族群体指长比与寻常性痤疮(AV)的相关性。方法采用直接测量法,用电子游标卡尺测量浙江汉族AV患者和健康人群左右手掌侧第2~5手指长度(拇指除外),AV严重程度分级标准采用国际分类法。结果对浙江汉族261例AV患者组(女性占74.3%)和381例健康对照组(女性占59.6%)、年龄在18~25岁的数据进行了分析,健康组和AV患者组的左右手指长比均值趋势都为2D∶3D2D∶4D3D∶4D2D∶5D4D∶5D3D∶5D,AV患者组中女性患者2D∶4D、3D∶4D比值低于女性健康组,差异具有显著性(P0.01或P0.05),女性的AV患者2D∶3D、2D∶5D、4D∶5D、3D∶5D比值与女性健康组无差异;男性的AV患者与男性健康组之间各指长比值差异不显著。结论浙江汉族女性2D∶4D、3D∶4D指长比低比值与寻常性痤疮的发病有关。     

Cross-sectional data on soft tissue morphometry of the growing hand and fingers of dextral individuals 5-65 years old

This study examines both hands of right-handed (dextral) subjects 5-65 years old in order to define the separate growth trajectories of digit lengths (2D-5D) and hand widths; to assess how 2D : 4D and other digit ratios also vary with age; and to test whether lengths are influenced by gender dimorphism and lateral (right/left) asymmetry. Calliper measurements were made from hand photocopies. Growth patterns were analysed by linear regression and correlation, main and interaction effects of age and gender were resolved by analysis of variance, and lateral asymmetries were identified by paired tests. All digits, and hand width, grew in a biphasic pattern in both hands, and inflection points between phases showed gender dimorphism. In the early fast-growing phase, male digits grew over a longer period than those in females, before switching to a slower growth phase during which gender dimorphism became more exaggerated. In right hands, age differences in digit ratios were confined to 2D : 4D and, except for 4D : 5D, females tended to show larger ratios than males. In left hands, all ratios (except 3D : 5D) varied with age and gender influenced only 2D : 4D, 2D : 5D and 3D : 5D. Again, ratios were greater in females. In females, 2D was longer in the right hand of older subjects, whilst 3D, 4D and 5D tended to be shorter in the right hand of younger subjects. No asymmetries were seen in 2D, 3D or 4D in males, but 5D tended to be shorter on the right in the group 9-12 years old. Finally, hand width tended to be greater in females on the right at 9-65 years old, and in males on the right at 18-23 years old. A further novel finding was that certain relationships (inflection points, correlation coefficients and gender differences in digit lengths) seemed to follow gradients running from 2D to 5D. It is tempting to speculate that these are manifestations of the antero-posterior gradients established by signalling events that control digit development and patterning in utero.     

Maternal 2nd to 4th digit ratio does not predict lifetime offspring sex ratio at birth

The low ratio of second‐to‐fourth digit length (2D:4D) of parents, a putative indicator of high prenatal and even adult testosterone levels, has been suggested to predict a male‐biased secondary offspring sex ratio. We investigated this question in 244 contemporary postreproductive Finnish women. Information on the lifetime offspring birth sex ratio of women was collected by questionnaires and the 2D:4D of both their hands were measured from scanned photographs. We found no evidence that the right hand 2D:4D, the left hand 2D:4D, the mean of the right and the left hand 2D:4D, or the difference between the right and the left hand 2D:4D was related to offspring sex ratio at birth among these women. Our results thus do not support the suggestion that offspring birth sex ratio is related to 2D:4D in women. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Second to fourth digit ratio, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-chest ratio: their relationships in heterosexual men and women

BACKGROUND: Prenatal sex steroids have been broadly discussed in terms of their possible effect on brain differentiation, whereas pubertal/adult sex hormones are thought to be the main regulators of sexually dimorphic physical features in males and females. Assessing prenatal steroid exposure has previously been difficult but evidence now suggests that finger length ratio may provide a 'window' into prenatal hormone exposure. The length of the second digit (the index finger) relative to the length of the fourth digit (the ring finger) is sexually dimorphic as males have a lower second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). The sexual dimorphism is determined as early as the 14th week of fetal life, and remains unchanged at puberty. There is evidence that sex differences in 2D:4D arise from in utero concentrations of sex steroids, with a low 2D:4D (male typical ratio) being positively related to prenatal testosterone, while a high 2D:4D (female typical ratio) is positively associated with prenatal oestrogen. AIM: The studied aimed to determine whether, and to what extent, adult sexually dimorphic physical traits, which are largely determined at puberty, relate to traits that are largely determined in utero. This work examined the relationship between three sexually dimorphic traits--body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-chest ratio (WCR)--and digit ratio. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: BMI, WHR and WCR were assessed in 30 heterosexual male and 50 heterosexual female participants by recording their body height, weight, and measuring their waist, hip and chest circumference. Digit lengths of the second and fourth fingers were measured from photocopies of the ventral surface of the hand and by actual finger measurements. RESULTS: Digit ratio was found to be significantly lower in men than in women. Significant negative correlations were found between female's left and right hand 2D:4D, waist and hip circumference, and WCR. In males, BMI was found to be positively related to digit ratio but remained significant only for left hand 2D:4D. Generally, the relationships were stronger for females than for males. Although not all relationships were found to be significant, they were in accord with our predictions. CONCLUSION: In addition to an activational effect of sex hormones at puberty, the present data suggest an early organizational effect of sex hormones through the association between indices of female body shape, male BMI, and human finger length patterns.     

Second to fourth digit ratio,body mass index,waist-to-hip ratio,and waist-to-chest ratio: their relationships in heterosexual men and women

Background: Prenatal sex steroids have been broadly discussed in terms of their possible effect on brain differentiation, whereas pubertal/adult sex hormones are thought to be the main regulators of sexually dimorphic physical features in males and females. Assessing prenatal steroid exposure has previously been difficult but evidence now suggests that finger length ratio may provide a ‘window’ into prenatal hormone exposure. The length of the second digit (the index finger) relative to the length of the fourth digit (the ring finger) is sexually dimorphic as males have a lower second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). The sexual dimorphism is determined as early as the 14th week of fetal life, and remains unchanged at puberty. There is evidence that sex differences in 2D:4D arise from in utero concentrations of sex steroids, with a low 2D:4D (male typical ratio) being positively related to prenatal testosterone, while a high 2D:4D (female typical ratio) is positively associated with prenatal oestrogen.

Aim: The studied aimed to determine whether, and to what extent, adult sexually dimorphic physical traits, which are largely determined at puberty, relate to traits that are largely determined in utero. This work examined the relationship between three sexually dimorphic traits—body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-chest ratio (WCR)—and digit ratio.

Participants and methods: BMI, WHR and WCR were assessed in 30 heterosexual male and 50 heterosexual female participants by recording their body height, weight, and measuring their waist, hip and chest circumference. Digit lengths of the second and fourth fingers were measured from photocopies of the ventral surface of the hand and by actual finger measurements.

Results: Digit ratio was found to be significantly lower in men than in women. Significant negative correlations were found between female’s left and right hand 2D:4D, waist and hip circumference, and WCR. In males, BMI was found to be positively related to digit ratio but remained significant only for left hand 2D:4D. Generally, the relationships were stronger for females than for males. Although not all relationships were found to be significant, they were in accord with our predictions.

Conclusion: In addition to an activational effect of sex hormones at puberty, the present data suggest an early organizational effect of sex hormones through the association between indices of female body shape, male BMI, and human finger length patterns.