驻亚热带农村某部防治恙虫病的基本经验

目的：对驻亚热带农村某部恙虫病的流行特点进行分析，提出恙虫病防治的可行性经验，达到控制及消除恙虫病对官兵的危害。方法：结合恙虫病防治的实际情况，进行边实践、边分析、边总结。结果：通过分析，总结出5点基本经验；(1)开展有针对性的恙虫病防治教育，提高官兵防病常识是基础；(2)开展群众性的爱国卫生活动和营区综合治理是条件；(3)开展“灭鼠杀虫”活动是关键；(4)搞好个人防护是保证；(5)做好对患者的治疗是防止疾病扩大的措施。结论：从实践中总结出来的基本经验，对做好驻亚热带农村部队恙虫病防治有一定的借鉴作用。     

我国恙虫病媒介恙螨分布的研究进展

恙虫病是由恙虫病东方体引起的自然疫源性疾病,我国是恙虫病重点流行区。恙虫病自然疫源地的广泛扩散对我国公众健康产生了严重威胁,应引起足够重视。媒介恙螨在恙虫病流行与疫源地扩散中发挥重要作用。为了更好地了解恙虫病的媒介分布及生态对于确定有效干预措施及防控疾病具有重要意义。本文就国内近年来对媒介恙螨的生态特性、地区分布等方面的研究现状进行了综述。     

新疆部分地区人群恙虫病血清流行病学调查

恙虫病是由恙虫病东方体(orientia tsutsugamushi,Ot)引起的一种自然疫源性疾病。长期以来,该病仅在中国长江以南广大地区流行,近年来在中国北方不断有新的疫源地被证实[1],该病已成为一种严重威胁人民群众健康的传染病。为查明新疆地区人群是否存在恙虫病东方体感染,在部分地区进行了恙虫病血清流行病学调查,并对Ot感染的相关危险因素进行分析,为恙虫病的防治提供科学依据。     

热带珊瑚岛恙虫病流行病学调查

自陆振豸报道西沙永兴岛存在我国最南边的热带珊瑚岛恙虫病疫源地以来〔1〕,患者逐年增多 ,时有暴发。为查明热带珊瑚岛恙虫病的流行病学特征及其影响因素 ,我们于 1999年10～ 12月对西沙永兴岛进行流行病学调查研究。现将结果报告如下。1　材料和方法1 1　一般资料　了解岛上自然地理条件、气象及军民生活环境等情况。1 2　个案调查　对岛上医院门诊及各单位 1999年 1～ 12月临床确诊恙虫病患者进行调查 ,了解恙虫病流行情况 ,走访本病疑似患者 ,填写流行病学个案资料。1 3　储存宿主调查　选择有代表性的生境用笼日法捕捉小兽 ,经种属鉴定…     

北方秋冬型儿童恙虫病的护理10例

北方秋冬型恙虫病是由恙虫病东方体引起的自然疫源性疾病,1986年以前仅见于我国长江以南诸省,主要为夏季型.山东地区自1986年首次在蒙阴发现秋冬型恙虫病流行以来,已成为危害当地人民群众健康的重要传染病之一[1].由于儿童恙虫病在北方不多见,属于新发现的传染病,对此病的护理报道不多.2008年9～12月,我科共收治恙虫病儿童10例,经过治疗护理,10例病儿均痊愈出院.为提高广大医护人员对此病的认识,现将护理体会报道如下.     

某特种部队官兵门诊医疗服务需要及利用

目的:了解陆战部队官兵潜在卫生服务需要,为决策部门合理分配部队卫生资源提出决策建议。方法:采用整群抽样,2006年共调查某陆战部队827名官兵,采用SPSS10.0进行分析。结果:2006年某陆战部队官兵潜在卫生服务需要量大,两周自报患病率55.99%、患病未就诊率是55.94%。患病未就诊的原因主要是自感病轻和自我治疗。两周就诊疾病主要是骨骼、肌肉系统疾病(含外伤)、呼吸系统疾病和消化系统疾病。两周患病就诊机构倾向于选择营卫生所、团卫生队、地方诊所和地方医院。结论:陆战部队官兵潜在卫生服务需要量大,但利用有待提高。建议开展有针对性的健康教育,使部队官兵增强自我保健意识。卫生管理机构应加大对基层重点保障部位的投入,更好满足基层官兵的医疗服务需要。     

健康教育在恙虫病群体预防中的作用

目的：为了降低南澳岛,南澎列岛恙虫病发病率,在部队人群与地方人群中进行了对当地高发病－恙虫病的健康教育,方法：通过讲授卫生知识课,播放实地拍摄的录像片,编写与学习当地群众,官兵喜欢的硬笔书法预防手册,使不同人群对恙虫病的危害,临床特点,传播特点与预防知识的知晓率与教育前比差异有显著性,结果：1999年在流行季节前健康教育配合其它措施的广泛应用。当年无病例出现,结论：健康教育要针对问题有的放矢,结合实际有目的,有计划,有组织,有系统地进行,并且选择教育对象喜爱的教育方式,方可达到良好的教育效果。     

抗洪部队回撤营区后的卫生检疫工作

通过卫生检疫工作,了解抗洪官兵在抗洪期间是否感染疾病或有疾病潜伏,严防传染病在部队发生与流行,确保官兵身体健康。方法：对回撤营区的抗洪官兵实施卫生检疫,采取（１）依靠行行政管理手段;（２）加强对检疫工作的组织领导,（３）开展卫生整治;（４）进行健康教育;（５）组织健康体检,严格医学观察;（６）重视预防服药等措施。结果：”７２１名抗洪官兵全部接受了健康体检,未发现一例传染病人,其他疾病检出４５例,出     

水上救援人员健康教育实践

目的：加强灾害救援现场的健康教育,确保救援官兵身心健康。方法针对部队官兵可能存在的安全隐患,综合选择不同的健康教育方式进行个人卫生防护、心理疾病预防、传染性疾病预防和皮肤疾病防治等知识的宣传教育。结果通过开展不同的健康教育工作方式,救援官兵顺利完成上级赋予的救援任务,未出现重大伤残,仅有部分队员受轻伤。没有出现心理问题的事例,亦未出现任何传染病流行等疫情。结论通过综合不同的健康教育工作方式,科学、客观、合理地进行健康教育工作,以避免救灾防病工作中疾病的发生和流行,达到提高救援队伍战斗的能力。     

安徽省恙虫病高发地区人群知信行状况调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解恙虫病高发地区人群对恙虫病的知识、态度和行为状况,为开展针对性健康教育提供依据.方法 2019年9～10月,选择安徽省亳州市、阜阳市及蚌埠市3个恙虫病高发地区作为研究点,根据2016-2018年累计报告恙虫病病例数排序,确定研究现场,对当地居民开展问卷调查,收集恙虫病知信行状况并统计分析.结果 共收集有效问卷...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.