垃圾卫生填埋场防渗层改性实验研究

采用膨润土作为填料对垃圾卫生填埋场基底黏土层进行改性,介绍了实验设备及实验过程,根据实验结果确定最佳条件:膨润土掺合比例10%,含水率17%,膨润土粒度≤0.5 mm,并对其稳定性进行了检测.     

生活垃圾填埋场覆盖材料研究进展

归纳总结了垃圾填埋场覆盖材料的功能与要求,并分别针对以黏土、污泥、矿化垃圾、土工膜等作为垃圾填埋场覆盖材料的研究进行了总结分析,比较了常用填埋场覆盖材料的优缺点,并对未来覆盖材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

测定食品容器理化指标应注意的几个问题

对于由聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等食品容器,通常需测定的理化指标主要有高锰酸钾消耗量、蒸发残渣及重金属含量。在检验实践中,我们注意解决好关键操作步骤,并改进了重金属含量、高锰酸钾消耗量的测定方法,从而提高了检验结果的准确度。 1 待检容器的前处理一浸泡条件 食品容器的三大理化指标的测定,都取决于容器在不同条件下的浸泡液。因此,掌握好容器的浸泡条件是检验结果准确与否的关键。 1.1 浸泡液的加入量 对于构成食品容器的原材料,可取一定表面积的该材料置于适宜的烧杯内,其1cm~2表面积加入2ml浸泡液。对于浮于浸泡液表面的材料,应以干净的小     

民用燃煤氟剂及相应固氟技术的研究

筛选出了三种民用燃煤固氟剂,固氟效率：石灰＞电石渣＞碳酸钙。煤中加入15－20％石灰、碳酸钙代替量等量粘土,不影响燃煤发热量。在北京氟中毒山区进行了两种炉型（铁炉、地炉）两种型煤（蜂窝煤、煤饼）、不同地区煤中加入不同比例固氟剂,进行固氟效率实验。当煤：土：石灰／3：0．5：0．5时,北京、湖北秭归县煤的固氟效率分别为91．2％、89．6％。     

人发角蛋白人工腱材料体外生物容性的实验研究

目的研究人发角蛋白人工腱材料(HHKAT)的体外生物相容性。方法在体外培养的人胚腱细胞(HETC)中加入不同浓度的HHKAT浸泡液(100％、50％、10％)，培养1、3、5、7d，通过倒置显微镜，HETCI型胶原的表达，HHKAT与HEIC的复合生长情况及超微结构的观察等方法，了解HHKAT对HETC的生长及超微结构的影响。结果不同浓度HHKAT浸泡液对HEIC的形态、Ⅰ型胶原的表达及超微结构无抑制作用，并能与HHKAT粘附生长。结论HHKAT具有良好的生物相容性。     

食品包装材料卫生指标中高锰酸钾消耗量测定方法改进

食品包装材料卫生指标中高锰酸钾消耗量是指试样经用浸泡液浸泡后，浸泡液中被氧化剂高锰酸钾氧化的还原性物质在一定条件下被氧化所消耗的高锰酸钾质量，用以表示试样可溶出有机物质的量。GB／T5009．60—2003中明确规定使用高锰酸钾和草酸两种标准滴定溶液且浓度准确相等，均为0．01mol／L，这在实践中非常不便，也不符合一般的方法设计，本人依据标准溶液的使用规则及方法设计的原理予以改进，将草酸标准滴定溶液换成普通溶液，相应浓度增大一点且准确加入。结果满意。     

新型脱酸剂制备工艺研究

为制备高活性、高比表面积、分散性良好的新型脱酸剂,研究添加剂中KOH的浓度、消化水初始温度、消化时间、水灰比等因素的影响,并将制备好的新型脱酸剂应用于江苏某垃圾电厂的烟气脱酸。结果表明:添加剂1%(KOH∶柠檬酸钠=4∶6),消化水初始温度为80℃,消化时间为10 min,消化水与生石灰比例为4∶1,制备的消化石灰有较高的比表面积和孔隙率,较好的分散性和较高的稳定性。同时在垃圾电厂应用中可以减少石灰用量的35%。     

水及涉水产品中微量锡的氢化物发生原子荧光测定法

目的 建立一种测定水及涉水产品浸泡液中总锡的方法。方法 在还原剂中加入铁氰化钾，在样品消化后加入酒石酸，利用断续流动氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水及涉水产品浸泡液中总锡。结果 锡的检出限量为0．026μg／L，测定方法的相关系数r=0．9996，线性范围0～10μg／L，相对标准偏差1．8％—6．3％。回收率82．5％-109．4％。结论 该方法可用于水及涉水产品中总锡的测定。     

不同浸泡方法对饮水矿化材料中金属析出的影响

目的:探讨不同浸泡方法对饮水矿化材料中金属析出的影响。方法:选择不同浸泡温度、时间、不同pH值浸泡液和不同种类浸泡液对矿化材料进行浸泡试验,采用ICP-MS法测定浸泡液中铝、铬、砷的析出量。结果:不同浸泡温度对矿化材料中金属的析出量影响较大,特别是铝的析出;金属析出量随浸泡时间增大而增大,浸泡时间超过18 h后,金属的析出量随着浸泡时间增加变化较小;纯水浸泡矿化材料析出量要比自来水和配制水大。结论:浸泡温度、时间和不同pH值浸泡液对矿化材料中铝、铬、砷的析出有不同程度影响。     

石灰混凝-纳滤法深度处理垃圾渗沥液

采用石灰混凝法处理垃圾渗沥液生化出水,考察了石灰投加量、混凝剂种类对产水COD、氨氮、pH、色度、硬度的影响,并对石灰混凝前后产水的纳滤通量和出水水质进行对比.结果表明:石灰混凝可以有效降低90％以上的硬度,COD、氨氮、色度去除率为30％～60％.垃圾渗沥液生化出水经混凝后进行纳滤处理可有效提高通量出水中COD、氧氧...     

Organic contaminants in the Jakusevec landfill and their impact on groundwater quality

Landfilling is probably, the most popular disposal method for the management of domestic and industrial waste. Unfortunately, many landfills around the world do not include leachate collection systems and present a considerable risk to the underlying aquifers. There have been numerous reports on groundwater contamination in the vicinity of unprotected landfills, paying particular attention to specific organic contaminants. This problem is especially pronounced in landfills which, in addition to ordinary domestic refuse, contain waste of industrial origin. Jakusevec, the main landfill of the city of Zagreb, belongs to this category. The recently completed remediation programme for Jakusevec included comprehensive investigations with the aim to quantify various organic contaminants in solid waste and establish their possible infiltration into the underlying soils and groundwater. A detailed analyses using chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques made it possible to identify a number of contaminants. According to their origin, the identified compound classes can be divided into the two main categories: markers of biological waste and its microbial transformation and markers of anthropogenic waste. Our investigations have shown that the composition of organic contaminants changes dramatically during the vertical transport from the solid waste through the unsaturated zone of soil to aquifer sediments, which involves both physicochemical and biotransformation processes. The vertical transport of polar organic contaminants was very efficient and led to a significant contamination of the aquifer in the vicinity of the landfill.     

城市垃圾填埋场渗沥液中氨氮浓度影响因素分析

通过调查整理美国国家环保署渗沥液水质数据库中有关渗沥液氨氮的数据,并结合前期研究成果,探讨了填埋垃圾组分、填埋时间及填埋工艺对渗沥液中氨氮浓度的影响。结果表明：垃圾中易降解有机物含量越高,渗沥液氨氮浓度越高;传统卫生填埋场渗沥液中的氨氮浓度呈前期迅速升高、后期缓慢降低的特点。此外,填埋层空气状况对渗沥液氨氮浓度有较大影响,传统卫生填埋及厌氧生物反应器填埋方式下渗沥液氨氮浓度始终处于较高水平,而在好氧／准好氧填埋方式下渗沥液氨氮衰减迅速。     

太原生活垃圾填埋渗沥液监测、处理的研究报告

生活垃圾渗沥液是一种高浓度、污染性很强的液体.通过对太原市河西南寨生活垃圾填埋场的渗沥液进行监测分析,指出控制有机垃圾的填埋量,搞好渗沥液的收集处理,是减少环境污染的必要手段.     

垃圾渗沥液的生物毒性研究进展

从垃圾渗沥液中毒性物质的来源、生物毒性测试表征方法的选择及针对渗沥液中典型污染物组分的生物毒性研究进展等方面进行了综述,指出了实现渗沥液高效生物降解需要解决的关键问题是有效削减垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的生物毒性。     

Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液技术进展的研究

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的危害及毒性,比较了用活性碳吸附、FeCl、絮凝、Fenton试剂中H2O2和FeSO4的不同比例处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺流程以及对COD处理效果的影响讨论了pH、温度、反应时间、Fenton试剂不同配比对处理效果的影响,得出用Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液时,可把大分子的有机物氧化为小分子,从而降低了垃圾渗滤液的COD值,对分子量较小的有机物的去除率不高。     

满足GB16889-2008的垃圾焚烧发电厂渗沥液处理工艺研究

阐述了渗沥液的特点及其处理方法，并以某生活垃圾焚烧厂采用厌氧＋好氧MBR工艺处理垃圾渗沥液的工程实例，说明该工艺可确保在冲击负荷下出水水质达到GB16889--2008排放标准。同时通过渗沥液处理产沼气量的计算产气量为263m弧，将这些沼气回喷至垃圾焚烧炉中发电，每年可增加经济收入113万元。     

选择膜技术处理垃圾渗沥液

阐述了我国垃圾渗沥液的特点及其国内外处理技术,通过处理技术、处理效果、环境影响、运行管理和经济可行性等5个方面的比较,指出膜技术是处理垃圾渗沥液比较好的方法.     

曝气池溶解氧对垃圾渗滤液中NH3-N去除率的影响

利用现污水处理厂二级活性污泥法的设施和工艺流程。研究了曝气池不同浓度的溶解氧对垃圾渗滤液中高浓度的有机污染物及氮的去除效果。试验结果表明，二次好氧对污染物的去除效果显著。     

Assessment of sanitary landfill leachate characterizations and its impacts on groundwater at Alexandria

The total amount of solid waste generated in Alexandria is 2820 tons/d which increases to 3425 tons/day during summer. In the past, 77% of the collected solid wastes was open dumped. The open dumping sites did not have the minimum requirements for pollution control. Following the exacerbation of the problem, the Alexandria Governorate contracted a company to carry out the solid waste management. The contracted company transferred 75% of the daily generated solid wastes to a new constructed sanitary lanfill. The site receives a daily average of 1910 tons. The landfilling is performed by trench method in the form of cells. The produced leachate is discharged into two lined aerated lagoons. The biogas formed from biodegradation of landfilled solid wastes is burned and the produced heat is used for drying the lagoons leachate. The remaining residues are relandfilled. The study aims at assessment of the solid waste sanitary landfill leachate characterization and its impacts on the groundwater. The analysis of the collected data confirms that leachates from the landfill are severely contaminated with organics, salts, and heavy metals. The fluctuations in concentration levels of the different parameters were attributed to aging and thickness of waste layers, stage of decomposition, and re-landfilling of the concentrated residues from the drying lagoons. The concentrations of NH4-N (600 mg/l) indicated that the process of stabilization was still in the initial stages and attributed to the compaction process. The high BOD5 results (28,833 mg/l) indicated that the process of stabilization was in the initial stages which were very slow. The high COD results (45,240 mg/l) can be attributed to the compaction of the wastes which also retards the degradation of the solid wastes. The BOD and COD values indicated clearly severe contamination. The BOD5/COD ratio measured in the current study (0.64) indicated that the leachate of the present study was biodegradable and unstabilized, and required time and favourable conditions for anaerobic biodegradation. Heavy metals were lower compared with what have been observed in other countries. Re-landfilling of the residue after drying the leachate in lagoons and the short time of biodegradation in the landfill site were factors which effected the high strength of most of the parameters concentrations of the leachate. Assessment of groundwater contamination through piezometer wells around the active cells indicated that there was no contamination from the leachate to the groundwater surrounding the site. The study recommended emphasizing the importance of adjusting the biodegradation factors, the monitoring program, the prohibition of disposing heavy metals, determination of the leachate generation rate, and treatment of leachate.