单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效

目的：观察单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效。方法对45例退变性腰椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄、下腰椎失稳患者采用单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留手术治疗,采用日本骨科协会（ Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分对手术疗效进行评估。通过影像学评价椎板关节突螺钉位置,并观察术后和末次随访时内固定位置、融合情况以及病变节段椎间隙高度情况。结果本组患者术后症状明显缓解,JOA评分较术前有显著改善,影像评价椎板关节突螺钉位置良好,未发现内固定松动和断裂,椎间融合率100%。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧关节突螺钉固定黄韧带保留治疗腰椎退变性疾病手术创伤小,术后融合率高,有效预防了手术后神经粘连,疗效肯定。     

经单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症效果观察

目的：评价经单侧行椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：应用经单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症,均行一侧椎板、关节突切除,椎间盘摘除,同侧椎弓根螺钉固定+椎间融合术。对所有病例在术前1天和术后6个月及末次随访进行评分,包括采用腰腿痛视觉模拟评分法（visualanaloguescale,VAS）进行疼痛评分,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestrydisabilityindex,ODI)评价患者的腰椎功能改善情况及手术疗效,末次随访按改良Macnab标准评定临床疗效,并行影像学检查。结果：21例患者手术后随访12～19个月,平均15个月。术前、术后6个月和末次随访时VAS评分分别是7.11±1.39,2.65±0.77和1.12±0.51(P<0.01),ODI评分分别是42.03±8.35,21.31±6.35和12.29±3.71(P<0.01)。采用改良Macnab标准评价临床结果,优8例,良10例,可3例。末次随访时,放射学检查显示无内固定失效,椎间高度无丢失,21例均骨性融合。结论：经单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合是腰椎间盘突出症的有效治疗方法。     

单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症效果分析

目的:探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析本院2015年1月～2017年1月收治的经单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者86例,对其术后随访,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者术后6月的腰椎功能恢复情况;采取腰腿痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价患者术前和术后6月的疼痛消除情况;末次随访时,采取改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效.结果:手术时间为80～106min,平均89min,术中出血60～110ml,平均76ml,术中无神经根损伤,术后无感染以及硬膜外血肿等并发症;术后6个月患者ODI指数、VAS评分差异显著(P＜0.01),术后6月患者疼痛为轻度痛痛,腰椎功能恢复较好;末次随访Macnab标准优良率为93.02％,临床疗效较好.结论:单侧椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床效果显著.     

椎板关节突螺钉椎间融合术治疗下腰椎退行性疾病

目的 探讨椎板关节突螺钉(TLFS)结合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间融合术微创治疗下腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月—2011年12月35例单节段下腰椎退行性疾病的患者,采用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合对侧椎板关节突螺钉经椎旁肌间隙入路行腰椎间融合术。并于术前、术后1 d、术后3、6、12月及末次随访时采用腰腿痛VAS和ODI量表进行疼痛和功能评分,观察并记录手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后下地时间、住院时间、并发症发生和融合情况等临床结果。结果 至术后末次随访时腰腿痛VAS评分及ODI功能评分均较术前明显改善,差异均具有统计学意义(F=61.59,189.22,49.92,P<0.05)。平均随访时间(18.0±6.2)月,根据Bridwell椎间融合评价标准,至末次随访时Ⅰ级21例(60%),Ⅱ级14例(40%),无患者为Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级。有2例(5.7%)术中出现硬膜撕裂,表面覆盖纤维蛋白胶和明胶海绵后,术后没有出现脑脊液漏;1例(2.8%)术后出现切口脂肪液化,积极换药处理后愈合良好,无医源性神经损伤、内固定松动、移位、断裂等相关并发症发生。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉结合对侧TLFS固定椎间融合术治疗下腰椎退行性疾病具有微创、恢复快、融合率高、费用低、稳定性好等优点,只要适应证选择正确,手术效果较为理想,具有良好的临床应用推广价值。     

通道下后路腰椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛37例

目的 观察通道下后路腰椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的近期疗效.方法 2010年3月至201 1年9月在通道下后路腰椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛37例.随访观察治疗效果.观察术后椎间融合情况,腰腿痛VAS评分和ODI评分.结果 手术时间130 ～ 260 min,平均170 min.术中失血量100～400 mL,平均240 mL.术后住院时间术后住院时间8～15 d,平均10.5 d.4例出现并发症,发生率为10.8％.37例术后均获随访,随访时间为8 ～ 25个月,末次随访术后椎间融合率为94.6％(35/37).腰腿痛VAS评分术前为(7.68±1.13)分,术后1个月及末次随访时分别为(4.27±1.19)分和(1.84±0.92)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ODI评分术前为(48.76±11.24)分,术后1个月及末次随访时分别为(22.36 ±8.46)分和(12.21±6.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通道下行后路腰椎间融合和经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗椎间盘源性腰痛可获得良好的近期临床效果,是一种安全有效的微创手术方法.     

椎管减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折96例

目的 观察后路椎管减压,经关节突、横突间植骨加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效.方法 对2005年至2009年2月收治的96例胸腰椎骨折患者采用后路椎管减压、椎间植骨加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗.术后观察神经功能恢复情况、骨折椎体前缘压缩率变化、后凸角变化及并发症.结果 得到随访78例,随访2～50个月,平均(16.96±6.88)个月.其中38例脊髓损伤患者Frankel分级提高1～2级(平均1.08±0.35级).13例术前无神经症状者术后无迟发神经损伤.术后遗留轻度腰背痛6例, 2例螺钉松动,无感染.后凸角由术前10°～39° (平均27.43°±6.67°),矫正到术后0°～11° ,平均(4.40°±0.82°) (P＜0.01),椎体前缘高度由术前12%～49%,平均(30.55±6.20)%,恢复至术后78%～100%,平均(94.12±9.45)% (P＜0.01).结论 后路椎管减压,椎间植骨加椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折是一种较理想的手术方法.     

单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧椎板螺钉联合后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的疗效观察

目的 比较传统后路椎弓根螺钉联合椎间融合术和单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧椎板螺钉联合后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的临床疗效。方法 2011年3月至2014年12月,我院共收治70例腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳,其中35例采用传统后路椎弓根螺钉联合椎间融合术治疗,35例采用单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧椎板螺钉联合后路椎间融合术治疗,比较两组的临床疗效和安全性。结果 观察组手术时间、术后引流时间与对照组无明显差异,而术中出血量和住院费用观察组明显低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前、术后1月和末次随访两组JOA评分无明显差异（P>0.05）;观察组无退变率明显高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);两组均融合完好,未发生内固定松动,术后均未产生神经症状,无假关节形成及椎间隙感染。结论 单侧椎弓根螺钉对侧椎板螺钉联合后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳可获得可靠的近期稳定性,且对邻近节段退变影响较小,且术中创伤较小,住院费用低,值得临床推广。     

颈椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗后纵韧带骨化症效果观察

目的 探讨颈椎椎弓根螺钉技术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的效果.方法 17例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者行后路全椎板减压并椎弓根螺钉内固定手术,根据Lee等的四级分类法评价置钉的准确性,采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评价神经功能改善情况.结果 17例患者成功置入102枚下颈椎椎弓根螺钉,术后CT显示为0级94枚,1级3枚,2级4枚,3级1枚.有8枚螺钉穿破椎弓根,其中5枚穿破椎弓根外侧皮质,2枚穿破椎弓根内侧皮质,1枚穿破椎弓根上侧皮质.术后随访13～34个月,患者术后6个月JOA评分明显高于术前(P＜0.01).结论 颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定能提供优秀的三维稳定性,值得临床应用推广.     

单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果研究

目的：探讨单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的临床效果。方法选取腰椎间盘突出症急性发作患者100例,随机分为双侧椎弓根螺钉内固定组(常规组)和单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术组(结合组),各50例。对两组治疗前及治疗后1 w、2 w、30 d、60 d、90 d 及末次随访时患者的水肿、疼痛等症状和运动功能进行评价。结果治疗后结合组各阶段的腰腿痛 VAS 评分、MacNab 腰腿痛疗效评价、ODI 评分均优于常规组(P <0.05),水肿明显减轻,关节活动度增加,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论单侧椎弓根螺钉联合腰椎后路椎间融合术中远期可明显减轻患者的水肿、疼痛,促进其运动功能恢复。     

长节段椎弓根螺钉矫形术固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴骨质疏松症

目的探讨改良长节段椎弓根螺钉矫形术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法对26例退变性腰椎侧凸伴骨质疏松患者行长节段椎弓根螺钉矫形术,术中通过使用深螺纹螺钉、增大螺钉的外展角度、钉道内植骨等方法,术前进行Oswestry下腰痛功能障碍问卷调查表（ODI评分）及腰腿痛评分,术后平均随访20.8个月（8个月～3年）,末次随访时进行ODI评分及腰腿痛评分,比较术前和术后ODI评分及腰腿痛评分。结果 26例患者全部获得随访,术后ODI评分较术前明显减少（P〈0.05）;术后腰腿痛评分较术前显著增加,下肢功能明显改善（P〈0.05）。本组22例获得优良手术效果,优良率为84.6%。结论改良长节段椎弓根螺钉矫形术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴骨质疏松症是一种切实可行的手术方式,手术疗效明确。术中使用深螺纹螺钉、增大螺钉的外展角度、钉道内植骨是手术成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.