周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的诊断及鉴别诊断,提高对周围型胆管细胞癌的认识.方法:回顾性分析对23例经手术病理证实的周围型胆管细胞癌的常规CT平扫及增强扫描.结果:CT平扫所有病灶均为低密度,大小约2.5~8.0cm,平均为5.0cm.19例为单发病灶,4例为多发大小不一病灶,其中肝内胆管扩张18例,肝内胆管结石6例,肝叶变形萎缩9例,局部肝轮廓凹陷6例,增强扫描:动脉期和静脉期可见边缘不规则断续的轻度晕圈状强化,内部出现不同程度线样及条网状强化.延迟扫描:随时间延长病灶逐步进一步强化,密度等于或大于同层肝组织.结论:周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的表现有一定特征性,实质性病灶延迟强化及病灶内胆管扩张是胆管细胞癌的特征表现.     

肝内胆管细胞癌的多层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的:探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现,加深对肝内胆管细胞癌的认识。方法:回顾性分析14例经病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌的CT影像学表现。结果:14例中8例边界模糊的类圆形低密度肿块,11例伴肝内胆管扩张,6例边界较清晰。增强扫描8例早期肿块周边呈不规则强化;4例周边呈环形或结节状明显强化;2例无明显强化;延时扫描所有病灶均延迟强化。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描显示肝内胆管细胞癌有一定的特征性,具有较高的诊断价值。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现与病理学基础相关性分析

目的:探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现与病理学基础,提高对周围型胆管细胞癌的认识。方法:回顾性分析12例经病理证实为周围型胆管细胞癌患者的临床病理与CT扫描资料。结果:CT平扫12例均为类圆形或不规则形低密度灶,边界不清;病灶周围肝内胆管扩张5例;局部肝包膜回缩征象4例。增强扫描:动脉期与静脉期病灶无强化或轻度强化,延迟后病灶内部呈片状、分隔状或均匀强化。病理表现镜下为低分化或未分化腺癌,血管分布稀少,癌巢之间为大量纤维结缔组织。结论:周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现具有一定的特征性,其病理学基础有助于理解CT征象。     

动态多期螺旋CT扫描在肝内胆管细胞癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT动态增强扫描在肝内胆管细胞癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对经手术病理证实的30例肝内胆管细胞癌的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 30例患者中,肿瘤型18例,平扫表现为肝内单发的低密度不规则肿块,增强动脉期病灶无强化6例,外周部分呈轻度、不完全的环状强化12例,门脉期病灶进一步强化14例,延迟扫描病灶内部呈斑片状持续强化6例、网状或线状持续强化8例,病灶中央始终不强化4例;浸润型4例,平扫表现为肝内胆管壁局限性增厚、管腔狭窄,于增强后各期胆管壁缓慢持续强化;腔内生长型8例,平扫示近肝门部局限性软组织肿块并见肝管扩张增粗及狭窄,增强后近肝门肿块缓慢持续强化。结论螺旋CT动态增强扫描对提高肝内胆管细胞癌的正确诊断率具有一定价值。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的动态螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌(PICC)的螺旋CT平扫和动态增强特征。方法:回顾性分析经手术或穿刺病理证实的周围型胆管细胞癌13例,男5例,女8例,年龄38~72岁(平均58岁),全部病例均行平扫和增强扫描。结果:13例中,平扫7例病灶呈圆形、类圆形,6例呈分叶状及不规则形低密度影。肝内胆管扩张11例,肝内胆管结石5例,肝叶萎缩5例,局部肝轮廓凹陷4例。增强扫描,强化方式大致分为三种:①5例动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期不均匀强化,无渐进及向心性强化。②3例动脉期边缘强化,门脉期及延迟期渐进性向心性强化。③5例动脉期强化不明显,门脉期及延迟期肿瘤全体逐渐强化,强化表现:病灶不均匀强化,或呈线样或网格样,周边呈环样或条索样强化。结论:肝内胆管细胞癌的螺旋CT表现具有一定程度的特征性。     

肝结核的螺旋CT动态增强扫描表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨各型肝结核的螺旋CT动态增强扫描表现及其诊断价值. 资料与方法 18例肝结核患者行螺旋CT平扫和动态增强扫描,均经手术病理或穿刺活检证实.结果 (1)浆膜型1例:肝包膜呈梭形增厚低密度影,增强扫描病灶内有分隔样强化,邻近肝实质动脉期明显强化.(2)粟粒型8例(病灶最大径<2.0 cm):表现为肝内散在多发(6例)或单发(2例)粟粒小结节状低密度灶,增强扫描动脉期和静脉期病灶边缘轻度强化.(3)结核瘤型7例(病灶最大径≥2.0 cm):表现为单发或多发较大结节或肿块,4例病灶内有斑点状钙化,1例结核性肝脓肿有环形钙化,增强扫描动脉期病灶边缘轻度强化,周围肝组织明显强化,静脉期病灶边缘明显环形强化或病灶内蜂窝状强化.(4)胆管炎型1例:表现为肝门部肝内胆管扩张,增强扫描胆管壁强化,合并有腹膜后和肠系膜根部肿大淋巴结环形强化.(5)混合型1例:表现为肝包膜及邻近肝组织内低密度灶,同时具有浆膜型和结核瘤型的CT表现.结论 将肝结核分为浆膜型、粟粒型、结核瘤型、胆管炎型和混合型5种类型较合理.螺旋CT动态增强扫描能显示肝结核的一些特征性表现,如病灶"边缘强化征"、"蜂窝征"等,有助于该病的定性诊断.     

肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌与肝脓肿的CT特征及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨肿块型肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)和肝脓肿的 CT 表现及误诊原因分析,减少误诊率。方法回顾分析经临床手术、穿刺病理证实的肿块型 ICC 21例和肝脓肿20例影像资料,其中10例肿块型 ICC 术前影像误诊为肝脓肿,41例均行 CT 平扫和三期增强扫描。结果边缘强化环不规则、延迟不规则斑片状或片絮状强化、动脉血管穿行或环绕病灶、肝被膜凹陷征、合并肝内胆管软组织结节、肝内胆管扩张、肝门区和腹膜后淋巴结肿大、门静脉受侵狭窄或闭塞提示肿块型 ICC 可能性大。形态规则、环壁光滑完整、环壁周围环状水肿征、延迟分隔状或多环状强化、肿块缩小征、环内低密度类似液性提示肝脓肿可能性大。异常灌注肝脓肿出现几率高且明显。结论肿块型 ICC 与肝脓肿的影像特征有相似之处,又有各自的特征性表现,结合多个征象综合分析有利于正确诊断。     

不同形态类型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的：探讨不同形态类型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的20例肝内胆管细胞癌的形态特点和动态增强CT表现。结果：20例肝内胆管细胞癌中肿块型14例，管周浸润型4例，管内生长型2例。肿块型平扫表现为不规则低密度肿块，动态扫描早期肿瘤周边呈环状强化，中心部分早期呈轻度强化或不强化，延迟期呈现持续性强化为特征性表现；管周浸润型表现为沿胆管树走行的分枝状软组织肿块，边缘不清，远侧胆管扩张，动态扫描肿瘤呈渐进性延迟强化；管内生长型表现为扩张胆管内的乳头状或结节状病变，动态扫描早期呈轻度均匀性强化，延迟期无强化。结论：不同形态类型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现不同，术前影像学检查明确ICC的形态学类型，有助于临床选择合理的治疗方案并判断患者预后。     

肝内胆管细胞癌的螺旋CT动态扫描及临床表现特点分析

目的探讨肝内胆管细胞癌的螺旋CT动态扫描和临床表现特征。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌32例,所有病例均行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,全部病例均行乙型肝炎全套检查,25例行甲胎蛋白(AFP)检查,8例行肿瘤标志物CA19-9、CA125及CA242检查。结果 9例动脉期病灶周边呈花边样、环状强化,静脉期及延时期进一步强化,中心大片低密度坏死;14例动脉期周边轻度强化,静脉期及延时期向心性强化,伴病灶内及周围胆管扩张;4例表现为轻度不均匀强化;1例表现为肿块主要向肝外生长,1例表现为肝内多发肿块及结节,明显强化;3例表现为肝内胆管轻度扩张,未见明显肿块。10例合并胆管结石,25例AFP检查为阴性,8例肿瘤CA19-9、CA125及CA242均有明显升高。结论肝内胆管细胞癌的多层螺旋CT动态扫描表现具有一定特征性,结合肿瘤标志物的检测,有助于提高对其诊断的正确率。     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 :分析周围型肝内胆管细胞癌(PICC)的CT表现特点。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实的52例PICC的CT表现。结果:52例中,肝左叶32例,肝右叶14例,左右叶同时受累6例。病灶大小2.5~11.0 cm,平均6.7 cm。46例为低密度,6例为等密度,8例中心为更低密度,3例伴斑点状钙化。病灶所在肝叶萎缩20例,局部包膜凹陷18例;伴肝内胆管扩张24例;9例合并肝内胆管结石。增强扫描42例边缘轻中度强化,10例无明显强化,延迟扫描病灶内部强化逐渐明显,呈向心性强化。结论:PICC的CT表现具有一定特征性,结合临床生化检查(CA19-9升高),对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.