Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip

Altered biomechanics secondary to hip ankylosis often result in degeneration of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip and knee. Symptoms in these joints may be reduced with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the ankylosed hip. THA in the ankylosed hip is a technically challenging procedure, and the overall clinical outcome is generally less satisfactory than routine THA performed for osteoarthritis and other etiologies. Functional integrity of the hip abductor muscles is the most important predictor of walking ability following conversion THA. Many patients experience persistent limp, and it can take up to 2 years to fully assess final functional outcome. Risk factors cited for increased risk of failed THA include prior surgical ankylosis and age <50 years at the time of conversion THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint ankylosis

Background

Back pain and knee pain are typical secondary degeneration symptoms after hip ankylosis. Take down of hip ankylosis and implantation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is believed to be a promising treatment option.

Methods

A total of 22 hip ankylosis patients [15 men, mean age 53.7 years (range 30–72 years); 7 women, mean age 50.8 years (range 42–61 years)] underwent THA during 1980–2000 after spontaneous (n = 10) or surgical (n = 12) fusion of the hip joint. The mean duration of ankylosis prior to THA was 32.5 years (range 2–61 years).

Results

At the mean follow-up of 13.2 years (range 2–19 years), the Harris hip score averaged 84.9 points (range 70.1–99.0 points). All patients (100%) confirmed that they would undergo conversion surgery again. Aseptic loosening of two stems (one cemented, one cementless; 9.5%) and two deep infections (9.5%) required revision surgery.

Conclusions

THA is a promising option for treatment of secondary long-term hip ankylosis sequelae. A conversion operation after spontaneous ankylosis provides better functional outcome than after surgical fusion. However, full function with complete pain relief and a negative Trendelenburg sign might be not attainable in all cases.     

一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗髋部病变

目的探讨一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗双侧髋部病变的安全性、有效性.方法23例患者一期进行双侧人工全髋关节置换术.术前Harris评分平均40.3分,双下肢不等长0～3.4 cm,平均1.97 cm.结果无术中、术后假体周围骨折,术后无感染,髋关节无脱位;出现双下肢肿胀3例.术后双下肢不等长为0.3～1.4 cm,平均0.71 cm;住院时间17～24 d.随访13～50个月,患者疼痛缓解,关节功能活动满意,可独立行走、生活自理并恢复日常活动,最后随访时Harris评分平均为84.2分.结论一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗双侧髋部病变,可减轻患者的痛苦及经济负担,缩短住院时间,对全情况较好的患者是一安全有效的方法.     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.     

Total hip reconstruction in the anatomically distorted hip

Recent reports in the literature strongly support the idea that cement is the optimum form of fixation of the femoral component in total hip replacement. For hybrid total hip arthroplasty, we used a cemented cup instead of an uncemented cup since this was inevitable in cases of poorly developed acetabulum. The uncemented cone femoral component is also beneficial in cases of extremely narrow and cylindrical configuration of the medullary cavity of untreated congenital dislocation of the hips (CDH) and tuberculosis or septic arthritis in childhood. We reviewed the clinical result of a consecutive series of patients with cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) compared with recent studies on hybrid reconstruction using survivorship analysis. This subsequent study involved a hybrid uncemented Wagner cone femoral component and a cemented acetabular component with roof reinforcement by additional impacted cancellous allograft with hydroxyapatite (HA). We believe that early failure of the cemented components was due to an adverse effect of thin cement mantles around cemented femoral stems as well as the cemented cup in THA. In addition, 8 patients who received our modification of the Charnley CDH component had poor results even though we reduced the stem geometry and thickness. Furthermore, intraoperative fracture and splitting of the proximal femur was a major complication during implantation. Contrary to expectations, the results of these hybrid reconstructions were extremely encouraging (average follow-up period of 2–4.5 years). In addition to our experience of the cemented versus hybrid THA involving the uncemented Wagner femoral component, we have determined positive indications for the untreated and severely distorted anatomy of bilateral CDH for which surgical interventions for reconstruction were not recommended before.     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

The hip cast-brace for hip prosthesis instability.

The use of a hip cast-brace in the treatment of unstable hips following prosthetic replacement is described. A retrospective study of 21 patients with 22 hip prostheses treated with the cast-brace is reported. Seventeen Charnley low friction arthroplasties (LFA) were treated--four cast-braces were used for prophylaxis, five for single dislocations and eight for recurrent dislocations. To date, only four hips have required an operation to achieve stability. Five patients with Thompson hemi-arthroplasties were treated following dislocation with only one requiring surgery to achieve stability. A hip cast-brace is recommended as a useful alternative to surgical management of prosthetic instability.     

髋部骨密度与髋部骨折风险的相关性分析

目的探讨不同年龄，不同性别髋部骨折患者的髋部骨密度值与髋部骨折风险的相关性。方法抽取髋部骨折98例，50岁以上85例，其中男性33例，女性52例，股骨颈骨折占44例，粗隆间骨折41例。按照骨质疏松诊断标准共分为2组：T〈-2．0（骨折组），T〉-2．0（骨折组），按性别、年龄、身高、体重与骨折组按1：1配对，以T〈-2．0（非骨折组），T〉-2．0（非骨折组）分别作为对照组。结果年龄50岁以上非暴力髋部骨折患者，T〈-2．0（骨折组）和T〈-2．0（非骨折组）做对照研究，骨折组的骨密度值要低于非骨折组，对骨折风险预测有显著性差异。男性和女性之间做对照研究，有明显的统计学意义。年龄50岁以上非暴力髋部骨折患者，T〉-2．0（骨折组）和T〉-2．0（非骨折组）做对照研究，骨折组的骨密度值要低于非骨折组，对骨折风险预测有显著性差异。男性和女性之间做对照研究，有明显的统计学意义。年龄50岁以下的患者为13例，其中男性11例，女性2例，均为年轻的受暴力致伤的患者，骨密度值检测对骨折风险评估没有显著性差异。结论（1）对于非暴力髋部骨折，低BMD与髋部骨折有明显的相关性，且呈指数级相关。（2）骨折危险性的评估没有明确的BMD阈值。（3）骨折患者与非骨折患者BMD有相互重叠。（4）女性自50岁左右髋部骨折的发生率要高于男性。（5）小于50岁的较年轻患者BMD和骨折危险性的相关性不明确。     

Snapping hip

Six cases of snapping hip are reported. The etiology, symptoms, physical findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and operative technic are described. The results are given.     

Snapping hip

Thirty-one snapping hips in 24 patients were followed for 4 (1-11) years after operation. At follow-up, snapping persisted in nine hips, in three cases accompanied by pain. The femoral neck angle was less in the patients (128°) than in a control group (134°).     

Snapping hip

Thirty-one snapping hips in 24 patients were followed for 4 (1-11) years after operation. At follow-up, snapping persisted in nine hips, in three cases accompanied by pain. The femoral neck angle was less in the patients (128 degrees) than in a control group (134 degrees).     

Recurrent hip instability after hip reconstruction in cerebral palsy children with spastic hip disease

BackgroundMigration percentage (MP) is widely used to evaluate hip stability in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Orthopedic surgeons need more objective information to make a proper hip reconstruction surgical plan and predict the outcome.MethodsMedical records and plain radiographs of children with CP who underwent the hip reconstruction procedure for dysplasia were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsIn total, 253 operated hips (140 patients; 11.7 ± 3.3 years old) were included in this study. MP at pre-operative (T_pre) was 35.3 ± 22.5%; at immediate follow-up (T_post) was 5.9 ± 9.5%; at last follow-up (T_final) was 9.8 ± 10.8% (4.5 ± 2.3 years post-operative at age 16.3 ± 2.8 years). In hips with Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale (MCPHCS) grade 3 (n = 78), around 30–45% had an unsatisfactory outcome at T_post and T_final. However, hips categorized as other grades showed only 2.1–9.1% of unsatisfactory outcome. In less affected hips (pre-operative MP<30%, n = 122), 109 hips (89.3%) had varus derotation osteotomy only, the other 13 hips (10.7%) were combined with a pelvic osteotomy. In more severely affected hips (pre-operative MP ≥ 30%, n = 131), 26 hips (19.8%) had varus derotation osteotomy only, the other 105 hips (80.2%) were combined with a pelvic osteotomy.ConclusionsHips with pre-operative MP between 15 and 29% (MCPHCS grades 3) can be a higher risk group of recurrent hip instability after hip reconstruction surgery. Multiple indications beyond MP should be considered when indicating pelvic osteotomy or hip muscle release as combined procedures with varus femoral osteotomy for hip reconstruction in this milder group to achieve a consistent long-term satisfactory outcome.