饮食控制对肥胖老年女性心功能的影响

目的 采用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价饮食控制的无全身疾病的老年肥胖女性左心功能的效果. 方法入选100例无全身疾病肥胖老年女性,随机分为饮食控制组47例(3例退出)和非饮食控制组50例.另选健康正常体质量老年女性40例为对照组.饮食控制6个月(饮食给予相当于自身基础代谢率70%的低卡路里食物).以TDI技术测量其在二尖瓣瓣环6个取样点的收缩期、舒张早期和晚期峰值运动速度(Sm、Em和Am)及Em和Am比值(Era/Am),并计算各指标平均值(MSm、MEm、MAm和MEm/Am). 结果 6个月后饮食控制组较非饮食控制组体质指数(BMI)下降[两组分别为(28.4±1.7)kg/m~2、(30.7±1.4)kg/m~2,P<0.05].收缩压和心率降低.饮食控制前后3组二尖瓣瓣环各取样点Sm、Em、Am和Em/Am及Mm、MEm、MAmt MEm/Am均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但6个月后饮食控制组较非饮食控制组增加,MSm分别为(8.3±1.5)cm/s与(7.4±1.4)cm/s(P<0.05);饮食控制组基线自身比较,MSm(7.5±1.5)cm/s降低(P<0.05). 结论饮食控制有助于无全身疾病肥胖老年女性左心室收缩功能的改善.TDI技术是左心室局部和整体功能早期评价的理想检测手段.     

组织多普勒评价健康肥胖女性左右心室功能

目的 探讨组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价我国健康肥胖女性左、右心室功能改变.方法 选择健康肥胖成年人140例,其中女性80例,以TDI技术测量其在二、三尖瓣瓣环收缩期、舒张早期和晚期峰值运动速度(Sm、Em和Am)和Em/Am,并计算各指标平均值(MSm、Mem、Mam和Mem/Am).结果 肥胖组和正常对照组在二、三尖瓣瓣环各取样点Sm、Em、Em/Am以及MSm、Mem、Mem/Am减低,Am、Mam升高.肥胖女性体重增加心功能进一步减低.肥胖女性较男性心功能减低更明显.结论 TDI技术显示成年健康肥胖女性左、右心室功能已出现异常改变,为肥胖女性左、右心室局部和整体功能的早期评价提供了理想的检测手段.     

组织多普勒成像技术评价健康肥胖老年女性心功能

目的探讨组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术能否早期、准确评价健康肥胖老年女性左心功能的改变。方法入选健康老年女性160例,其中肥胖女性120例,根据体重指数(BMI)分为:轻度肥胖组(Ⅰ组,70例),28.0 kg/m~2≤BMI32.0 kg/m~2;中度肥胖组(Ⅱ组,50例),32.0 kg/m~2≤BMI36.0 kg/m~2;正常体重组(Ⅲ组,40例),18.5kg/m~2≤BMI24.0 kg/m~2。同期选择健康肥胖非老年女性80例,以BMI为依据,分为Ⅳ组40例(BMI同Ⅰ组),V组40例(BMI同Ⅱ组)。超声心动图检查,以TDI技术测量二尖瓣瓣环后间壁、侧壁、下壁、前壁、后壁和前间壁6个取样点的收缩期心肌峰值运动速度(Sm)、舒张早期心肌峰值运动速度(Em)和舒张晚期心肌峰值运动速度(Am)及其比值,并进行对比分析。结果与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组入选者收缩压、舒张压增高,心率加快,二尖瓣口舒张早期与晚期峰值血流速度比值明显降低(P0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在二尖瓣环6个取样点Sm、Em、Em/Am和总平均值均明显下降,Am明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与Ⅳ组比较,Ⅰ组在6个取样点Sm、Em、Em/Am和总平均值明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组亦有相似改变。与Ⅴ组比较,Ⅱ组仅Sm减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心肌组织运动速度测量显示,健康肥胖老年女性已出现心室收缩和舒张功能异常,心肌TDI技术的应用,为这类人群左心室局部和整体功能的评价提供了理想的检测手段。     

组织多普勒显像技术评价高血压患者左室舒张功能的研究

选择轻、中度高血压患者139例，健康对照组33例，测定二尖瓣血流频谱E波速度（E）、A波速度（A）、E／A，并用组织多普勒显像（TDI）技术测量二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动速度（Sm）、舒张早期运动速度（Em）、舒张晚期运动速度（Am）及Em／Am。根据左室重量指数（LVMI）将高血压患者分为非左室肥厚（NLVH）组及左室肥厚（LVH）组。结果与对照组比较，NLVH组及LVH组E／A、Em、Em／Am降低；与NLVH组比较，LVH组Em、Em／Am降低。认为TDI技术测量二尖瓣环侧壁组织运动速度能准确评价高血压患者的左室舒张功能。     

盐酸法舒地尔对老年高血压患者左心室舒张功能的影响

选取210例高血压病伴舒张功能不全的老年患者,随机分为地尔硫卓组、盐酸法舒地尔组和对照组,对照组仅采用常规抗高血压治疗,其余两组分别给予地尔硫卓和盐酸法舒地尔,均治疗15d,用组织多普勒成像技术（TDI）测量二尖瓣前后叶瓣环运动的收缩期运动速度（Sm）、舒张早期运动速度（Em）、舒张晚期运动速度（Am）及Em／Am以评价左心室舒张功能。发现与对照组比较,地尔硫卓组和盐酸法舒地尔组的Em、Em／Am均显著升高,盐酸法舒地尔组Am显著降低;两治疗组降压疗效并无明显差异（P〉0．05）。提示盐酸法舒地尔可显著改善老年高血压患者的左心舒张功能。     

组织多普勒成像技术对2型糖尿病病人心脏舒张功能的评价

目的应用组织多普勒成像技术(TDI)评价2型糖尿病病人心脏舒张功能。方法选择80例2型糖尿病病人为糖尿病组,同期80名正常健康人作为正常对照组,采用脉冲多普勒技术检测二尖瓣口血流频谱测量舒张早期峰值流速(E)、舒张晚期峰值流速(A)、E/A值,使用TDI检测二尖瓣环获取瓣环运动频谱,并测量其舒张早期运动速度峰值(Em)、舒张晚期运动速度峰值(Am)及Em/Am。结果与对照组比较,糖尿病病人E峰减少,A峰增加,E/A的值减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,糖尿病病人Em减少,Am增加,Em/Am的值减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组均E/A1,Em/Am1。糖尿病组,E/A1所占比例67.5%,Em/Am1所占比例91.25%。结论与测量E/A相比,使用TDI技术检测糖尿病病人Em/Am,可简单快捷、无创有效地评价糖尿病病人左心室舒张功能。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征病人心脏结构及左心室功能变化研究

目的观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)病人心脏结构及左心室功能的变化。方法选取我院60例OSAHS病人为观察组;我院门诊健康体检者60名为对照组。两组均接受彩色多普勒超声检测仪检查心脏结构和左心室舒张功能,并测定每搏量(SV)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心输出量(CO)。比较两组心脏结构和左心室舒张功能的变化。结果观察组病人左室舒张末内径(LV)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左房舒张末内径(LA)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、右室舒张末内径(RV)、肺动脉内径(PA)、右房舒张末内径(RA)、主动脉内径(AO)指标均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人二尖瓣血流频谱二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度(E)、E/二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度(A)、室间隔舒张早期运动速度(Em)、室间隔Em/舒张晚期运动速度(Am)、左室后壁Em、左室后壁Em/Am、二尖瓣环Em、二尖瓣环Em/Am功能均低于对照组(P0.05),二尖瓣环Am、室间隔Am、左室后壁Am均高于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人FS、LVEF、二尖瓣环收缩期运动速度(Sm)、室间隔Sm及左室后壁Sm功能均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS病人心脏结构发生明显变化,且左心室收缩、舒张功能明显减弱。     

Rho激酶抑制剂对冠心病左心室舒张功能不全患者左心室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨Rho激酶抑制剂(盐酸法舒地尔)对冠心病左心室舒张功能不全患者左心室舒张功能的影响。方法选取82例冠心病伴左心室舒张功能不全的患者,将其随机分为法舒地尔组和对照组。对照组仅采用常规抗心肌缺血治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予盐酸法舒地尔,均治疗15d,用组织多普勒成像技术(TDI)测量左房室瓣前后叶瓣环运动的收缩期运动速度(Sm)、舒张早期运动速度(Em)、舒张晚期运动速度(Am)及Em/Am以评价左心室舒张功能。结果与对照组比较,盐酸法舒地尔组的Em、Em/Am升高,Am降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论盐酸法舒地尔可显著改善冠心病患者的左心室舒张功能。     

组织多普勒显像评价增龄对心室纵向收缩及舒张功能的影响

目的应用组织多普勒显像（TDI）评价增龄对心室纵向收缩及舒张功能的影响,探讨增龄与传统超声参数、增龄与TDI参数、左室与右室TDI参数之间的相关关系。方法57例年龄15-74岁的正常健康者分为≤60岁组（n=40）与〉60岁组（n=17）,分别行传统心脏超声与TDI检查,对比两组收缩及舒张功能参数,分析增龄与收缩及舒张功能参数之间的相关关系。结果年龄〉60岁组与年龄≤60岁组比较,前者二尖瓣环6位点平均Sm、Em、Em/Am明显减低,而E/Em明显升高。三尖瓣环Sm、Em、Em/Am明显减低,Am、E/Em明显升高。年龄与二尖瓣环平均Sm（r=-0.43,P=0.001）、Em（r=-0.67,P〈0.001）、Em/Am（r=-0.73,P〈0.001）呈逆相关,与Am（r=0.47,P〈0.001）、E/Em（r=0.37,P〈0.01）呈正相关。年龄与三尖瓣环Sm（r=-0.35,P〈0.01）、Em（r=-0.68,P〈0.001）、Em/Am（r=-0.71,P〈0.001）呈逆相关,与Am（r=0.41,P=0.01）、E/Em（r=0.42,P=0.001）呈正相关。结论增龄使TDI检测的左、右心室纵向收缩及舒张功能均受损,TDI评价增龄对心室纵向收缩及舒张功能的影响简便易行。     

心肌组织多普勒评价急性下壁心肌梗死的右心功能

目的　应用心肌组织多谱勒技术 (TDI)结合 M型超声评价急性下壁心肌梗死 (AIWMI)患者右心室整体功能。方法　正常对照组 2 0例 ,AIWMI2 0例 ,在标准心尖四腔心切面 ,采用 M超记录三尖瓣环右心室游离壁处运动曲线 ,测量右心室收缩期、舒张早期与晚期最大运动幅度 (SD、DED、DAD)及其平均速度 (SV、DEV、DAV ) ,求出舒张早期和舒张晚期最大运动幅度比值 (DED/ DAD)。应用 TDI技术测量上述各期峰值运动速度 (Sm、Em和 Am ) ,求出舒张早期峰值运动速度 (Em)和舒张晚期峰值运动速度 (Am )的比值 (Em / Am )。结果　与对照组相比 ,AIWMI组 SD、DED、SV、DEV、DED/ DAD均显著降低 ,Sm、Em及 Em/ Am比值也显著降低。结论　 TDI可以评价心肌梗死后右心室整体功能     

多普勒组织成像和组织追踪技术对正常人心室长轴功能评价

目的探讨正常人左、右心室长轴功能的变化,为临床心脏功能评价提供正常值参考。方法应用脉冲多普勒组织超声技术和组织追踪技术观察110名正常成年人二尖瓣环和三尖瓣环不同位点,收缩峰值速度（Sm）,舒张早期峰值速度（Em）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Am）、Em/Am比值和各位点位移（D）的平均值,比较不同年龄组多普勒组织速度和位移,分析其变化规律和特点。结果二尖瓣环各位点Sm和D随着年龄段的增加而显著降低,左心室前壁和侧壁Sm和D高于其它位点,二尖瓣环平均Sm与年龄和左心室射血分数（LVEF）显著相关;二尖瓣环各位点Em和Em/Am随年龄明显降低,平均Em降低的年龄段比二尖瓣舒张早期充盈速度（E峰）早;三尖瓣环Sm与年龄无关,Em和Em/Am随年龄而明显降低。结论二尖瓣环和三尖瓣环多普勒组织速度和位移随年龄出现不同的变化特点,多普勒组织成像对舒张功能变化比传统超声心动敏感。     

组织多普勒显像评估有机磷农药中毒患者左心功能变化

目的 探讨组织多普勒显像评估急性有机磷农药中毒对左心功能的影响.方法 选择78例南华医院就诊的有机磷农药中毒病人,分为轻中度中毒42例和重度中毒36例2组,与我院同期体检的正常对照组32例进行比较,入院后行血胆碱酯酶、肌酸激酶同功酶、心电图等检查.应用组织多普勒显像采集标准心尖四腔心切面左心室二尖瓣环的运动频谱,测量六位点平均收缩期峰速度(Sm)、舒张早期峰值速度(Em)、舒张晚期峰值速度(Am) 、等容舒张时间(IVRT),然后用传统脉冲多普勒超声测定二尖瓣口血流速度参数(E、A),计算E/A、Em/Am、E/Em 、Tei指数进行对照分析.结果 (1)E/A、Em/Am 、胆碱酯酶:正常对照组＞轻中度中毒组＞重度中毒组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);(2)IVRT、 E/Em、Tei指数、肌酸激酶同功酶:正常对照组＜轻中度中毒组＜重度中毒组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而重度中毒组患者左心室Em/Am＜E/A＜1,IVRT较对照组延长.E/A 与Em/Am呈正相关(P<0.001).结论 重度中毒组患者左心室收缩和舒张功能均有不同程度受损.组织多普勒显像可准确、定量、无创地评价有机磷农药中毒患者左心室功能,较传统超声、心肌酶谱更可靠,对预防心脏并发症有一定临床价值.     

组织多普勒对"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术后左心室舒张功能评价

目的:EMVP技术将脱垂的二尖瓣叶相对应的前后叶缝合起来,形成一个双孔二尖瓣,从而改变了二尖瓣的解剖形态,本文旨在研究组织多普勒在"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术后左心室舒张功能的作用.方法:30例二尖瓣关闭不全患者根据成形方式被分成A、B组,A组:15例二尖瓣后叶脱垂患者接受后叶楔形切除;B组:15例前叶或双叶脱垂患者接受"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术,所有患者均同时接受二尖瓣环成形.术前及术后1周,运用彩色多普勒、组织多普勒测定患者左心室舒张功能指标,包括:术前和术后E峰与A峰血流速比值(E/A),舒张期E峰血流速度与舒张早期二尖瓣环的最大运动速度的比值(E/Em), 舒张早期二尖瓣环的最大运动速度与舒张晚期二尖瓣环的最大运动速度的比值(Em/Am).结果:A组与B组成形术后二尖瓣口面积及二尖瓣反流程度均明显减小,E/A、E/Em及Em/Am在手术前后组间及组内之间均无明显变化.结论:组织多普勒能较好客观地评价"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形后左心室舒张功能,"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形技术效果良好,对左心室的舒张功能无明显影响.     

Comparison of early diastolic annular velocities measured at various sites of mitral annulus in detection of mild to moderate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em) as measured by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography (PW-TDE) has been described as a relatively load independent index of left ventricular (LV) relaxation allowing more precise assessment of LV diastolic function. Nevertheless, substantial regional differences in Em are encountered. A systematic study comparing accuracy of the Em values measured at various annular sites in the assessment of LV diastolic function is still lacking. In this study we aimed to compare the discriminating power of Em velocities measured at the various sites of the mitral annulus in distinguishing between normal LV filling and mild to moderate LV diastolic dysfunction, and to determine the optimal cutoff values of Em at each mitral annular site. Em determined by PW-TDE was measured at four mitral annular sites in 69 patients with various heart diseases and compared to LV filling patterns obtained using standard flow Doppler indices. A comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves did not show significant differences for areas under the curve in favor of Em measured at any annular site (0.92 for septal, 0.96 for lateral, 0.96 for inferior and 0.93 for anterior site, 0.95 for the averaged value of Em from all annular sites, and 0.93 for the averaged value from septal and lateral sites, P not significant). The optimal cutoff values of Em were 0.08 m s⁻¹ for septal site (91% sensitivity, 89% specificity), 0.11 m s⁻¹ for lateral site, 0.09 m s⁻¹ for inferior site (both 91% sensitivity, 94% specificity), 0.10 m s⁻¹ for anterior annular site (88% sensitivity, 91% specificity), 0.11 m s⁻¹ for the averaged value of Em from all sites, and 0.11 m s⁻¹ for the averaged value from septal and lateral sites (both 97% sensitivity, 86% specificity). There are no differences in the accuracy of Em velocities obtained at various mitral annular sites regarding the detection of mild to moderate LV diastolic dysfunction. However, different cutoff values of Em at each mitral annular site must be considered for distinguishing between normal and mild to moderate LV diastolic dysfunction.     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by tissue Doppler analysis in patients with hypertension with or without hyperuricemia

OBJECTIVE: Hyperuricemia (HU) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The independence of this association from other confounding factors has remained controversial. The possible contributory effect of HU to myocardial impairment produced by hypertension (HT), however, has not been clarified yet. The study was designed to assess the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with HT with or without HU. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was used for detailed analysis as this method was superior to other conventional echocardiographic techniques. METHODS: The study participants consisted of 27 patients (men 56%, mean age+/-SD; 55+/-10 years) with HT without HU, and 27 patients with HT with HU (men 62%, mean age+/-SD; 56+/-9 years), and 27 age-matched healthy control participants (men 57%, mean age+/-SD; 53+/-11 years). Cardiac functions were determined using echocardiography, comprising standard two-dimensional and conventional Doppler and TDI. Peak systolic myocardial velocity at mitral annulus (Sm), mitral inflow velocities and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Am), peak systolic mitral annular velocity, Em/Am, and myocardial performance index were calculated by TDI. RESULTS: Mitral inflow velocities and tissue Doppler-derived mitral annular diastolic velocities were significantly different in the patient groups (HT without HU and HT with HU) compared with the control cases. Tissue Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (LV-MPI) was significantly impaired in the patient groups compared with those of the control's (0.48+/-0.09, 0.53+/-0.07, and 0.39+/-0.07, respectively, P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed between the patients who had HT without HU and the patients who had HT with HU regarding LV-MPI. Significant correlations were observed between the serum uric acid levels and LV function parameters.     

左室壁内缩短分数评价收缩功能及其与舒张功能相关性的研究

目的:探讨左室壁内缩短分数(mFS )评价高血压患者收缩功能及其与左室舒张功能的关系.方法:收集高血压组51例,正常对照组47例.分析临床特点,行超声心动图检查.收缩功能测定左室室壁厚度,左室内径,左室容量,测定射血分数(EF),缩短分数(FS)以及左室mFS.心脏舒张功能,取二尖瓣血流频谱,记录二尖瓣舒张期血流频谱,记录舒张早期(E)和舒张晚期(A)血流速度峰值.采用组织速度多普勒成像技术测定二尖瓣环室间隔侧和侧壁侧的舒张早期心肌运动速度(Em)和舒张晚期心肌运动速度(Am),取平均值.探讨左室收缩功能和舒张功能的相关性.结果:①收缩功能:高血压组与正常对照组比较:左室舒张末间隔厚度明显增加[(1.18±0.28):(0.95±0.13),P<0.001]、左室舒张末后壁厚度明显增加[(1.01± 0.17):(0.89±0.17),P<0.01]、左室mFS明显降低[( 18.0± 4.9) vs (22.3±5.9), P<0.01],而2组间左室EF和FS差异无统计学意义.②舒张功能:高血压组与对照组比较,二尖瓣血流频谱差异无统计学意义;组织多普勒成像显示,二尖瓣环Em明显降低[(8.22± 2.23):(9.91±2.52),P<0.05],二尖瓣环Em/Am明显降低[(0.72± 0.23):(0.98±0.26),P<0.01]、二尖瓣E/Em明显增加[(9.38±3.19):(7.45±2.10), P<0.01].③mFS与Em/Am显著正相关(r=0.55,P<0.001 )、与E/Em显著负相关(r=-0.38,P<0.05).左室EF和FS与上述指标无相关性.结论:左室mFS是评价高血压患者收缩功能的有力指标,与早期舒张功能受损有关.     

Assessment of Left Ventricular Function and Tei Index by Tissue Doppler Imaging in Patients with Slow Coronary Flow

Background: The aim of this study was to assess left ventricular (LV) function and the Tei index by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and also to evaluate the relationship of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC) with the Tei index and LV function in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF). Methods: We prospectively evaluated 50 patients with SCF and 27 control subjects. Diagnosis of SCF was made by TFC. LV systolic and diastolic function was assessed by conventional echocardiography and TDI. Results: Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em), Em/Am, and peak systolic mitral annular velocity (Sm) were lower in patients with SCF than those in controls (13±2.8 cm/sec vs 15.2±2.8 cm/sec, P = 0.002; 0.88±0.22 vs 1±0.23, P = 0.03; and 14.1±3.51 vs 16.5±3.31, P = 0.005, respectively). In patients with SCF, the Tei index was significantly higher than that in controls (0.34±9.6 vs 0.29±9.5, P = 0.02, respectively). Mean TFC and RCA TFC were positively correlated with the Tei index (r = 0.3, P = 0.02 and r = 0.329, P = 0.02). Left circumflex (LCX) TFC was negatively correlated with Em/Am (r =–0.310, P = 0.03) only in patients with SCF. Conclusion: LV systolic and diastolic function is impaired in patients with SCF. TDI analysis of mitral annular velocities such as the Tei index, Em, Em/Am, and Sm is useful to assess LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with SCF. Mean TFC and RCA TFC were positively correlated with the Tei index and LCX TFC was negatively correlated with Em/Am. TDI may be better than conventional echocardiography in assessing LV function in patients with SCF. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 26, November 2009)