驱肠虫新药三苯双脒的药理作用与临床应用

寄生在人体肠道的寄生虫主要有蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫、绦虫等。凡能驱除或杀灭肠虫，并使其排出体外的药物称为驱肠虫药。目前，各类寄生虫分布区域略有不同。据统计，全球有蛔虫感染者约12亿，钩虫和鞭虫感染者各有7～8亿人。随着抗寄生虫病药物的研究进展，不断有广谱、高效、低毒的驱肠虫药相继问世。     

天冬药理作用研究进展

天冬系百合科天门冬属植物天冬的干燥块根。《中国药典》表述天冬"甘、苦、寒,归肺、肾经,具有养阴润燥、清肺生津功能,主治肺燥干咳、顿咳痰粘、咽干口渴、肠燥便秘。"天冬虽系常用药食同源的补阴中药,但直到20世纪90年代,人们才对其药理作用进行了较为深入的研究。     

羊栖菜活性成分和药理作用研究进展

目的:了解并明确羊栖菜的化学成分和具有的生物活性.方法:查阅相关文献资料进行归纳总结.结果:羊栖菜含有多种微量元素、氨基酸、多糖等,在抗肿瘤、影响免疫功能、降糖、降脂等方面有显著的药理作用.结论:羊栖菜的开发具有广阔的应用前景.     

鱼腥草的有效成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究进展

鱼腥草中含有癸酰乙醛、癸醛、月桂醛及甲壬酮等成分，其中癸酰乙醛具有抗病原微生物活性．药理研究证明鱼腥草具有抗菌、抗病毒、增强机体免疫、抗炎等作用，故在呼吸科、五官科及消化科疾病中都有广泛的应用．     

中药甘草成分和药理作用及其现代临床应用的研究进展

甘草属豆科植物,在中医临床治疗疾病用药历史悠久,是一种使用频率较高的中药饮片,具有极高的药用价值.近年来,甘草的化学成分及其药理作用愈来愈受到人们的重视.现已鉴定的甘草主要化学分成有黄酮、皂苷、香豆素、多糖类等化合物,且其活性成分具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒、保肝等多种药理作用.本文对甘草的主要化学成分、药理作用及其临床应...     

蒙药五味子有效成分及药理作用的研究进展

蒙药是蒙古民族长期与疾病斗争遗留的瑰宝,是民族医药不可或缺的重要组成部分,五味子是蒙药代表药物之一。现代研究表明五味子含有多种有效成分,药理作用广泛,本文对五味子的有效成分及药理作用进行综述。     

中药栀子有效成分及药理作用的研究进展

摘 要 中药栀子为茜草科植物栀子的干燥成熟果实,其主要有效成分包括环烯醚萜、栀子黄色素、有机酸等。现代药理研究表明栀子具有抗炎、解热、镇痛、保肝、利胆、降血脂、抗血栓、神经保护、抗阿尔茨海默病等作用。本文综述了栀子的有效成分及药理作用,为其深入研究提供参考。     

中药川芎中有效成分的药理作用研究进展

川芎是一种广泛应用于临床治疗的常用中药。现代研究表明川芎的有效成分川芎嗪和阿魏酸等具有清除氧自由基、钙拮抗、扩血管、抗血小板聚集和血栓形成等多种作用,从而逐渐揭示出其对多系统、多器官、多种病证的治疗机制。该文针对近年来川芎中有效成分的药理作用研究进展作一综述。     

熊胆药理作用研究进展

目的 探讨熊胆的药理作用。方法 收集整理了近年来熊胆药理研究进展情况。结果 在体外实验，动物和人体实验的药理研究表明，熊胆有抗菌、解热、抗炎、镇静、抗惊厥，解痉，利胆，保肝，溶解胆石，抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、心血管系统作用以及其它诸多药理作用。且毒性小，不良反应少。结论 天然熊胆与引流熊胆成分、活性及药理作用相似；熊胆临床用途广泛，有待深入研究。     

苦楝皮化学成分的研究

目的研究苦楝皮的化学成分。方法在室温条件下,采用75%乙醇浸提,对得到的浸膏依次以石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取。利用硅胶柱色谱、Spehadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等分离方法,从乙酸乙酯萃取物中获得单体化合物,根据理化性质和波谱学特征鉴定其化学结构。结果分离得到5个单体化合物,其中4个为柠檬苦素类化合物:12-O-methyl-1-O-deacetylnimbolinin B(1)、12-O-methyl-1-O-tigloyl-1-O-deacetyl-nimbolinin B(2)、12-O-ethyl-1-deactylnimbolinin B(3)、6α,11β-diacetoxygedunin(4);1个为黄酮类化合物:3'-O-methylcatechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)。结论以上5个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Antiviral effects of Melia azedarach L. leaves extracts on Sindbis virus-infected cells

Partially purified extracts from leaves of Melia azedarach L. (MA) exert a broad range of antiviral effects on DNA and RNA viruses. The effect of MA on different stages of Sindbis virus replicative cycle in BHK cells was investigated. Under one-step growth conditions MA afforded a greater than 90% inhibition in virus yield if added to the cell cultures 2 h before or after infection, and when added 4 h after infection MA still caused a greater than 80% inhibition. Analysis of early events following Sindbis virus infection showed that MA did not affect viral adsorption to or penetration in BHK cell. In contrast, viral RNA and protein synthesis was almost totally inhibited in cells pretreated with MA 2 h before infection, while cellular macromolecular synthesis was similar in MA-treated and untreated cell cultures.     

苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝（Melia azedarach L）果中分得苦楝新醇（melianoninol,Ⅰ）、苦楝醇（melianol,Ⅱ）、苦楝醇（melianol,Ⅲ）、苦楝二醇（meliandiol,Ⅳ）、香草醛（vanillin,Ⅴ）和香草酸（vanillic acid,Ⅵ）。根据波谱（IR.MS.^1HNMR,^13CNMR）分析和理化常数测定，确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇（Ⅰ）为新化合物，对菜青小虫有一定的拒食作用。     

Further Constituent from the Seeds of Melia azedarach

A new limonoid glycoside has been isolated from the seeds of MELIA AZEDARACH L. and the structure established to be 6,11-diacetoxy-7-oxo-14beta, 15beta-epoxymeliacin(1,5-diene-3- O-beta- D-glucopyranoside) by spectral correlations and chemical evidences.     

Intoxication of cattle by the fruits of Melia azedarach

Melia azedarach fruits were administered at single doses ranging from 5 to 30 g/kg bw to 10 calves. The animals dosed with 25 g/kg bw and 30 g/ kg bw died, as well as 1/2 cattle that received 15 g/kg bw. Clinical signs were depression, ruminal stasis, anorexia, diarrhea, incoordination, muscle tremors, difficulty to stand, sternal recumbence, hypothermia and dyspnea. Serum AST and CPK were increased. Signs appeared 4 to 24 h after dosing and the clinical manifestations continued for 20 to 72 h. Macroscopic findings included congestion of the intestine, focal or diffuseyellow discoloration of the liver, and brain congestion. LiQuid content was in rumen, reticulum and intestines. The liver had swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, and necrotic hepatocytes were scattered throughout the parenchyma or concentrated in the periacinar zone. Degenerative and necrotic changes were in the epithelium of the forestomachs. There was also necrosis of lymphoid tissue. Skeletal muscles had hyaline degeneration and fiber necrosis.     

Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids from the barks of Melia azedarach

Two new tetracyclic triterpenoids, together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the barks of Melia azedarach. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by the means of HRESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and X-ray crystallography analysis.     

Cytotoxic triterpenoids and steroids from the bark of Melia azedarach

Two new triterpenoids (1, 2) and two new steroids (3, 4) along with twelve related known compounds (5-16) were isolated from the bark of Melia azedarach. The new structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling studies and found to be 21,24-cycloeupha-7-ene-3 β,16 β,21 α,25-tetrol (1), 3 β-acetoxy-12 β-hydroxy-eupha-7,24-dien-21,16 β-olide (2), 29-hydroperoxy-stigmasta-7,24(28) E-dien-3 β-ol (3), and 24 ξ-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-lathosterol (4). All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HGC27) using the CellTiter Glo? luminescent cell viability assay. Among them, compounds 2- 4, 24 ξ-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (6), kulinone (7), meliastatin 3 ( 8), 3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (10), and (22 E,24 S)-5 α,8 α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3 β-ol (12) were found to have cytotoxic effects, with IC?? values of 5.6-21.2?μg/mL.