贯叶连翘研究进展

收集贯叶连翘近年来在国外研究开发动态,介绍了连翘的化学成分分析,临床应用方面的进展。作为精神类药物,在国外受到重视,贯叶连翘治疗抑郁症最大优点是副反应小,具有开发价值。     

连翘与贯叶连翘的本草考证

目的 :对木犀科连翘和金丝桃科贯叶连翘等的基原和药用历史进行考证。方法 :查阅古今医药典籍 ,结合实物标本。结果 :宋以前“连翘”中的大翘应是湖南连翘 ,宋以后则主要为木犀科的连翘 ;唐以后应用的小翘主要是贯叶连翘。结论 :连翘、湖南连翘、元宝草等在古代许多本草均有描述 ,在欧洲具有悠久历史的抗抑郁草药贯叶连翘其实是一味古老的传统中药。     

贯叶连翘的化学成分研究

目的 研究贯叶连翘Hypericum perforatum L．的化学成分。方法 采用反复硅胶柱层析分离纯化,通过理化性质和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果 从贯叶连翘中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ)、金丝桃苷(Ⅲ)、6″-O-乙酰金丝桃苷(Ⅳ)、3-表乌苏酸(Ⅴ)、myriaboric acid(Ⅵ)。结论其中化合物Ⅳ,Ⅴ和Ⅵ为首次从该植物中分到。     

贯叶连翘的研究进展

贯叶连翘具有广泛的药理活性,在治疗抑郁症、爱滋病以及肿瘤方面的应用前景而成为当前国际研究开发的热点.文章介绍了贯叶连翘的化学成分、活性成分的提取方法和药理作用,为进一步研究和开发贯叶连翘提供理论基础.     

贯叶连翘的生药学研究

本文对贯叶连翘的根、茎、叶、花等分别作了性状与显微鉴别，为该药材的鉴别和开发利用提供了参考依据。     

贯叶连翘研究新进展

收集贯叶连翘(Hypericum perforatum)近年来在国内外的研究动态。着重介绍贯叶连翘临床应用方面的进展,贯叶连翘治疗抑郁症、舒缓闭经期症状,作为精神类药物在国内外受到重视,目前正被应用于艾滋病、肝炎、癌症、关节炎、牛皮藓及溃疡的治疗,优点是副反应小,具有开发价值。贯叶连翘已被接受为证据医学的研究。     

贯叶连翘提取物的研究新进展

贯叶连翘提取物具有很高的药用价值,作为镇静剂、抗炎药、抗抑郁药、抗肿瘤药及爱滋病治疗药物具有广阔的应用前景,越来越受到人们的重视。介绍了贯叶连翘提取物的化学成分、提取分析方法、各成分的药理及功效,总结了提取物当前研究的最新水平,分析了未来研究的可行方向并提出关于药效机理研究的量子化学计算方法。     

贯叶连翘活性成分研究新进展

介绍了贯叶连翘的活性成分,抗抑郁、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等药理作用和副作用的研究新进展。     

贯叶连翘的研究分析

贯叶连翘是具有很高药用价值的植物。它作为镇静剂、抗炎药、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤药物具有广阔的应用前景,因而越来越受到人们的重视。本文介绍了贯叶连翘提取物的化学成分,总结其药理作用,并分析了一些金丝桃素提取工艺,为贯叶连翘的发展和利用提供理论基础。     

贯叶连翘的研究进展

贯叶连翘(Hypericum perforatum Linn)为藤黄科金丝桃属多年生草本植物,该植物在欧洲用于治疗疮伤具有悠久的应用历史,是国际医药市场上最重要的抗抑郁植物制剂原料.我国古代本草也早有记载,在欧洲具有悠久历史的抗抑郁草药贯叶连翘其实是一味古老的传统中药[1].近年来,贯叶连翘由于其在治疗抑郁症方面疗效确切,同时具有抗AIDS等方面作用,所以其开发应用在国际上引起了广泛关注.本文主要对其近5年的研究进展作一综述,以促进我国贯叶连翘资源的深入开发和利用.     

贯叶金丝桃化学成分研究

目的:研究贯叶金丝桃Hypericum perforatum的化学成分。方法:通过各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据对所得化合物进行结构鉴定;测定化合物对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率。结果:从中分离并鉴定了10个化合物:D-甘露醇(1),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(2),(7E,6R,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(3),(6S,9R)-roseoside(4),2,6-dim-ethoxy-4-hydroquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),syringate4-O-β-glucopyranoside(7),金丝桃素(8),skyrin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(R)-3,4-二羟基-苯甲酸-1’-丙三醇酯(10)。在2μmol.L-1时,化合物9对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率为96.4%,IC50为2.5μmol.L-1。结论:化合物10为新化合物,化合物2～4,7为首次从该属中分离得到,化合物5,6从该植物中首次得到。体外活性筛选表明化合物8具有显著的PTP1B抑制作用。     

固相微萃取-气质联用法分析贵州产贯叶连翘叶挥发性成分

目的:研究贯叶连翘叶挥发性成分。方法:采用固相微萃取技术从贯叶连翘叶中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)结合保留指数法对化学成分分析鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法测定其相对质量百分含量。结果:从贯叶连翘叶中鉴定了41个化合物,占挥发性成分的97.03%。结论:贯叶连翘叶挥发性成分主要有γ-衣兰油烯(12.70%)、α-姜黄烯(11.36%)、δ-荜澄茄烯(9.09%)、β-反-金合欢烯(6.95%)。     

优化酶提取贯叶连翘药材活性成分工艺

目的:探讨贯叶连翘中金丝桃素的酶提取法的最优酶及其最佳工艺。方法:以高效液相色谱法测定金丝桃素含量为指标,在纤维素酶、果胶酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、复合酶SPE-007A中筛选出最优2种酶,继考察这2种酶复合后的浸提倍数、加酶量、pH、温度、酶解时间等因素对提取工艺的影响,并用正交试验优选提取条件,从而得到最佳工艺。结果:最优酶为纤维素酶与果胶酶复合酶,pH 4.8、酶用量(纤维素酶/果胶酶)2.0%/2.0%、温度50℃、酶解时间6 h、酶解液浸提倍数15倍。结论:该工艺高效、稳定,可用于今后对贯叶连翘的研究。     

鼓泡式生物反应器培养人参不定根的研究

目的:研究鼓泡式生物反应器对人参不定根培养的影响.方法:利用组织培养技术结合高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法,考察不同角度的鼓泡式生物反应器对人参不定根生长及人参不定根有效成分皂苷和多糖合成的影响.结果:不同生物反应器培养人参不定根中,适合培养人参不定根生长的最佳反应器类型为120°圆锥型鼓泡式生物反应器.测定120°圆锥型反应器内的人参不定根生长呈典型的“S”型曲线.人参不定根在第40天得到最大的生物量,并且鲜重、干重、干重增殖倍数都达到了最大值,分别为113.15 g,9.62 g,63.13倍.人参不定根总皂苷和多糖质量分数为2.25 mg·g-1和2.73％.结论:适合培养人参不定根的最佳反应器为120°圆锥型鼓泡式生物反应器.该实验为工业化生产人参有效活性成分奠定基础.     

A review of the antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L.

Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) is a perennial herb that is commonly known as St. John's Wort. The plant has been valued for its important biological and chemical perspectives and its use in the treatment of infectious diseases has been documented in ethnobotanical reports. Most recent interest in H. perforatum has focused on its antidepressant effects, and only recently has its antimicrobial activity been evaluated against a number of bacterial and fungal strains. The present review gives a comprehensive summary of the ethnobotanical uses, chemical constituents and biological effects (antibacterial and antifungal) of this species. A comprehensive account of the chemical constituents including anthraquinone derivatives (naphthodianthrones), flavonoids, prenylated phloroglucinols, tannins and volatile oils is also included. Various types of preparations, ointments, creams and extracts prepared with and compounds isolated from this species have been found to possess a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects such as antidepressant effects, wound-healing, antiviral and antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts can be related to the use of the herb as a wound healer in ancient times. The sole antibacterial principle isolated to date is a tetraketone, hyperforin, also thought to be responsible for the antidepressant activity of the herb. The available literature indicates that it has a higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria, and alcoholic extracts (methanolic/ethanolic) were shown to possess more pronounced activity than aqueous extracts. Based on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of H. perforatum, we concluded that this species has beneficial therapeutic properties and has the potential for use as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy.     

复方抗病毒制剂中贯叶连翘对莪术油药动学的影响研究

目的:研究莪术油及自制的复方抗病毒制剂给药后莪术油在新西兰兔体内的药物动力学.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法检测给药后血浆中莪术油的标志性成分吉马酮的含量.结果:莪术油与复方抗病毒制剂灌胃给药后吉马酮的药时曲线符合开放二室模型.单方莪术油的药动学参数t1/2α,t1/2β,Vd,CL,AUC,Ka分别为(1.52±0.59),(1.97 ±0.27)h,(47.59±2.29)L·kg-1,(176.77±7.65)L·h-1·kg-1,(5.70 ±0.70) mg·h·L-1,(0.97±0.11) h-1,复方中莪术油则为(0.41±0.03),(1.47±0.35)h,(75.21±5.21)L·kg-1,(287.79±6.39) L· h-1· kg-1,(3.91±0.53) mg·h·L-1,(5.14±1.26) h-1.两者的t1/2α,t1/2β,Vd,CL,AUC并没有显著性差异,而复方的吸收速率Ka显著高于单方(P＜0.05).结论:复方抗病毒制剂中贯叶连翘没有影响莪术油有效成分在新西兰兔体内的分布和消除,但提高了莪术油的吸收速度,缩短了药物吸收的时间,有利于药物在体内迅速发挥作用.     

Investigations on the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L.

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Olive oil extract of the flowering aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) is a popular folk remedy for the treatment of wounds in Turkey.

Aim of the study

In order to prove the claimed utilization of the plant, the effects of the extracts and the fractions were investigated by using bioassay-guided procedures. For the wound healing activity assessment, in vivo excision and incision wound models were applied. For the anti-inflammatory activity, an in vivo model, based on the inhibition of acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability was used as well. Moreover, a parallel study was run on Hypericum scabrum L., which is a widespread species of the gender but not known as a folk remedy for wound healing, to provide a preliminary data to compare and emphasize the selection of correct plant species.

Results

Initial investigations proved that the olive oil extract of Hypericum perforatum has a significant wound healing effect on excision (5.1–82.6% inhibition) and circular incision (20.2–100.0% inhibition) wound models. In order to determine the active wound healing ingredient(s), aerial parts of the plant was extracted with ethanol, noteworthy wound healing activity profile was observed with the wound models; between 18.3% and 95.6% in excision model and from 13.9% to 100.0% inhibitions in incision model were determined. The ethanolic extract was then submitted to successive solvent extractions with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Each solvent extract was also applied on the same wound models, consequently, EtOAc subextract was found to be the most active one by inhibiting wounds between 17.9% and 100.0% in excision model, subsequently between 9.4% and 100.0% in incision model. However, all subfractions obtained from the EtOAc subextract using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography showed wound healing activity not more than the whole EtOAc subextract, which revealed that a possible synergistic activity that might be questioned. Among the active Sephadex fractions, Fr. A further yielded hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin and (−)-epicatechin and Fr. B yielded hypericin as the major components. Moreover, a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity was found for the ethanol extract, EtOAc subextract and Sephadex fractions of Hypericum perforatum. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of the active fractions might have a contributory role in the wound healing effect of the plant.

Conclusion

Results of the present study have proved that aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum possess remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities supporting the folkloric assertion of the plant in Turkish folk medicine. Flavonoids [hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin and (−)-epicatechin] and naphthoquinones (hypericins) were found as the active components of Hypericum perforatum. On the other hand, ethanol extract of Hypericum scabrum showed neither remarkable wound healing nor anti-inflammatory activity demonstrating the importance of correct plant species selection in therapeutic applications.     

白色紫锥菊不定根诱导及咖啡酸衍生物积累研究

以白色紫锥菊试管苗子叶为外植体,研究了植物生长素2,4-D,IAA,IBA,NAA对不定根诱导以及IBA浓度对液体悬浮培养中不定根的生长及咖啡酸衍生物积累的影响,并进行了生物反应器培养.结果表明,对白色紫锥不定根诱导最适合植物生长素是IBA1.0mg· L-1,不定根诱导数目达到22.5根/培养皿.液体悬浮培养中IBA 1.0 mg·L-1最适合不定根生长及咖啡酸衍生物的积累.白色紫锥菊不定根在5L气升式生物反应器中培养30 d后可获得8.98 g· L-1干重,是三角瓶悬浮培养干重4.38 g·L-1的2.05倍;生物反应器培养的不定根中紫锥菊苷质量分数为14.08 mg·g-1(干重),是栽培根的2.4倍;氯原酸,菊苣酸,总咖啡酸衍生物含量是栽培根的4.0 ～25.6倍.该研究为大量生产紫锥菊药品可提供富含紫锥菊苷等咖啡酸衍生物的高品质生物医学药材.     

太子参不定根组织培养的研究

目的:对太子参不定根的培养条件进行系统的优化.方法:利用组织培养技术结合紫外分光光度法,考察了接种量、蔗糖浓度、无机盐浓度、培养天数、逐级扩大培养以及不同角度鼓泡式反应器对太子参不定根生长的影响,并对不定根中皂苷、多糖和氨基酸等成分进行含量测定.结果:每1L培养基接种的不定根鲜重为6 g时,太子参不定根的干重增殖倍数达到最大值;随着蔗糖浓度的升高,太子参不定根干重增殖倍数呈先升高后降低的趋势;培养基中的无机盐浓度对不定根的生长有较大影响,3/4 MS最有利于不定根的生长;太子参生长呈“S”型曲线,在第28天生物量达到最大.结论:接种量、蔗糖浓度、无机盐浓度、逐级扩大培养以及反应器角度都会显著影响太子参不定根的生长,不定根中的皂苷和氨基酸含量高于栽培的太子参,而多糖含量低于栽培的太子参.     

不同氨基酸对雷公藤不定根生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以雷公藤不定根为材料,通过在MS培养基中添加不同浓度的天冬氨酸,异亮氨酸,半胱氨酸和精氨酸,研究其对雷公藤不定根生长和次生代谢产物含量的影响。结果表明：第3周添加0.25 mmol·L^-1天冬氨酸时,虽然不定根增长量为对照的80%,但不定根及培养液中雷公藤内酯醇含量分别为对照的1.36,1.3倍,雷公藤吉碱含量分别为对照的1.16,1.37倍,雷公藤次碱的含量分别为对照的1.22,1.63倍。第3周添加0.05 mmol·L^-1的异亮氨酸时不定根增长量为对照的97.3%,不定根及培养液中雷公藤吉碱分别为对照的1.02,1.27倍,雷公藤次碱的含量分别为对照的1.36,1.15倍。第1周添加0.25 mmol·L^-1半胱氨酸时,不定根增长量仅为对照的77.5%,但不定根中雷公藤内酯醇含量为对照的1.87倍。第2周添加1.00 mmol·L^-1半胱氨酸时,培养液中雷公藤次碱含量为对照的2.97倍。在第3周精氨酸浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1时,不定根增长量为对照124.2%,雷公藤吉碱和次碱的含量分别为对照的1.3,1.4倍。