半夏泻心汤对3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮致糖尿病前期大鼠保护作用研究

目的 探索半夏泻心汤对3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮（3DG）诱导的糖尿病前期大鼠的保护作用及机制。方法 SD大鼠连续灌服50 mg·kg^-1 3DG,14 d,建立糖尿病前期大鼠模型。将造模成功大鼠按体质量随机分为模型组和实验组,每组10只;另取10只正常大鼠作为正常组。正常组和模型组均按10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1剂量灌胃给予生理盐水;实验组灌胃给予相当于5 g·kg^-1·d^-1生药的半夏泻心汤,每组均连续灌服14 d。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定结肠和血清中蛋白质羰基化程度、活性氧（ROS）以及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量。结果 正常组、模型组和实验组的结肠蛋白质羰基化程度分别为（3.20±0.21）,（4.31±0.25）和（3.72±0.23）nmol·mg^-1;这3组结肠ROS表达量分别为（738.10±17.29）,（1 082.00±51.93）和（834.80±27.63）U·mg^-1;这3组结肠IL-1β表达量分别为（176....     

基于高通量测序的营养不良儿童肠道菌群多样性研究

目的 使用高通量测序模式和方法 ,对比分析营养不良儿童和正常儿童中肠道菌群物种存在的多样性和实际组成特点存在的差异。方法 选取20例营养不良患儿作为A组,选择20例身体正常的儿童作为B组,采集分析粪便样本,提取细菌中的核糖体DNA(RDNA),通过两组聚合酶链式反应(PCR)模式和方法 ,增加V4～V5区域实现高通量的测序设计,并进行生物信息学的分析研究;构建相应的稀释曲线,使用MOTHUR软件实现APLHA的多样化的计算分析,通过R语言实现热图(HEAT MAP)分析研究,实现典型关联分析(CCA),之后分别在样本的门和属两个列表中实现数据的整合和归纳,进行统计分析。结果 两组年龄、性别、分娩方式等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组生物多样性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组生物多样性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组样本中共发现微生物154种。A组肠道菌群的操作性分类单元(OTU)为320, B组大肠产甲烷菌群的OTU为348,以及其共同OTU为290,两组肠细菌群门的细菌中共检出14个。为更好地展现检测结果 ,本研究依托柱状图优...     

中药对肠道菌群结构和功能作用的研究（英文）

为了探讨中草药对肠道菌群的调节作用,我们选择王氏保赤丸和三七总皂甙两种具有悠久应用历史的中药开展本研究。研究模型为雄性Wistar大鼠,分为高中低三个剂量组,连续给药28天。给药结束后,收集大鼠的新鲜粪便进行16SrRNA测序,以确定肠道菌群的组成谱。与对照组相比,发现王氏保赤丸对乳酸杆菌和拟杆菌的丰度产生了平衡的调节作用,这与其对便秘和腹泻独特的双向作用是一致的。研究进一步发现,王氏保赤丸给药提高了短链脂肪酸生产菌Ruminiclostridium₉和Eubacterium_ventriosum的丰度,减少了与炎症相关的Jeotgalicoccus和Bilophila属的丰度,使大鼠肠道菌群的整体组成更加健康。对三七总皂甙给药组的研究发现,三七总皂甙对与帕金森氏病相关的肠杆菌科,与衰老相关的Christensenellaceae菌科、以及与高血压有关的Rikenellaceae、Christensenellaceae、Lachnospiraceae和Bacteroidaceaceae菌属均具有显著的调节作用,这些作用与其主要的临床适应症是相符...     

半夏泻心汤剂对3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮诱导的糖尿病前期大鼠的影响

目的 探讨半夏泻心汤剂对3-脱氧葡萄糖醛酮(3-deoxyglucosone, 3DG)诱导的糖尿病前期(impaired glucose regulation, IGR)大鼠血糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)以及炎症因子的影响。方法 SD大鼠上午灌服50 mg·kg^-1 3DG,连续灌服14 d,建立IGR大鼠模型。将造模成功大鼠按体质量随机分为模型组和实验组,每组12只;另取12只正常大鼠作为空白组。空白组和模型组均按10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1容积灌胃给予0.9%NaCl;实验组下午伴随灌服生药5 g·kg^-1·d^-1,连续14 d。干预14 d后,进行空腹血糖、口服糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT),用酶联免疫吸附实验法检测OGTT 30 min血清胰岛素和血浆GLP-1水平。结果 实验组、模型组和空白组的空腹血糖分别为(4.85±0.26),(5.35±0.38)...     

高通量测序分析附子、红参不同比例配伍对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 初步研究附子、红参不同比例配伍对大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 红参、附子分别采用8倍体积的70%乙醇加热回流提取2次,每次1 h,制备醇提物。将15只SD大鼠随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组5只,A组为附子醇提物单独给药组,给药量为0.415 g/kg,B、C组分别为附子、红参配伍比例1∶1（红参醇提物1.17 g/kg）和1∶2（红参醇提物2.34 g/kg）给药组,每天ig给药1次,连续给药7 d。给药结束后,于第8天收集大鼠粪便,提取粪便中细菌的DNA,对粪便菌群的16Sr-RNA的V4区进行扩增,利用Miseq高通量测序平台进行基因序列的测定,利用Uparse software对序列进行分析,将相似性在97%以上的序列进行归并,生成分类操作单元（OTU）;利用QⅡME软件计算样品的菌群丰度指数（Ace、Chao1）、菌群多样性指数（Simpson、Shannon）。结果 A组和B组的OTU数量较C组显著增多（P<0.05）;A组和B组Ace、Chao1指数为1 393、1 368和1 085、1 057,C组Ace和Chao1指数为889和884,A组和B组较C组显著增多（P<0.05、0.01）;厚壁菌门、拟杆菌们和变形菌门均为3组样品中的优势菌门;在属的水平上,C组中乳酸杆菌属和拟杆菌属含量较A组和B组增加。结论 红参与附子不同比例配伍可对大鼠肠道菌群产生显著的影响,随红参比例的增加,可能在一定程度上改善肠道的微生态环境。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者临床特征及肠道菌群变化分析

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者的发病特点,对比UC患者与健康者肠道菌群的差异性。方法 分析2018年4月至2021年12月入组的50例UC患者的一般情况、临床表现等临床资料。收集粪便样本,提取粪便DNA,行基因扩增与测序,经宏基因组分析技术对不同样本的菌群差异性分析。结果 临床资料显示,有80%的患者为慢性复发型,并且绝大多数处于活动期(占比84%),而病变范围与疾病的严重度密切相关。菌落差异性分析显示,相较于健康参与者,UC组中微生物的多样性减少,其中变形菌门占比增加,厚壁菌门丰度减少,尤其是变形菌门中的大肠杆菌属较正常对照差异明显(P<0.05)。结论 UC患者病变以活动期、慢性复发型多见,严重度与病变范围密切相关,且肠道菌群失调较明显,以变形菌门增加,厚壁菌门减少且大肠杆菌属增加为主,肠道微生物参与UC的发生发展。     

基于肠道菌群探讨甘草泻心汤对伊立替康致小鼠腹泻的影响

目的 研究甘草泻心汤对化疗相关腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、洛哌丁胺（阳性药,0.4 mg·kg^-1）组和甘草泻心汤高、低剂量（16.4、4.1 g·kg^-1）组;采用连续4 d ip 55 mg·kg^-1伊立替康诱导小鼠化疗相关腹泻模型;记录小鼠首次排便时间、稀便级、稀便率和腹泻指数;采用试剂盒测定小鼠肠道消化酶活力及炎症因子水平;采用高通量测序技术分析结肠内容物肠道菌群变化。结果 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠首次排便时间显著缩短（P<0.01）,稀便级、稀便率和腹泻指数显著升高（P<0.01）;消化酶乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、淀粉酶（AMS）和脂肪酶（LPS）活力显著降低（P<0.01）;炎症因子白细胞介素1β （IL-1β）、环氧化酶2 （COX-2）、细胞间黏附分子1 （ICAM-1）和肿瘤坏死因子α （TNF-α）水平显著升高（P<0.01）;肠道菌群α多样性Simpson指数显著升高（P<0.05）;肠道菌群β多样性差异较大;变形菌门、梭杆菌门、变形菌纲、梭杆菌纲、肠杆菌目、梭杆菌目、拟杆菌科、丹毒丝菌科、埃格特菌科和拟杆菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.01）,Muribaculaceae和norank_f__Muribaculaceae丰度显著降低（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,甘草泻心汤高、低剂量组小鼠首次排便时间显著延长（P<0.05、0.01）、稀便率和腹泻指数显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）,高剂量组稀便级显著降低（P<0.01）;高、低剂量组各消化酶活力显著回升（P<0.05、0.01）;高、低剂量组各炎症因子水平显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）;高剂量组Simpson指数显著降低（P<0.05）,β多样性更趋近对照组,显著回调各优势物种丰度的显著性变化（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 甘草泻心汤对于伊立替康诱导的腹泻小鼠具有明显的治疗作用,可能是其通过调整腹泻小鼠肠道菌群实现。     

基于16S rRNA基因测序技术研究刺五加对帕金森病模型大鼠肠道菌群结构及多样性的影响

利用16S rRNA技术分析刺五加提取物对帕金森病模型大鼠肠道菌群群落结构及多样性的影响,并探讨该药治疗帕金森病的作用机制.将15只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)模型组、给药组.模型组与给药组每日腹腔注射MPTP-HCl(30 mg/kg)进行造模,空白组注射等量生理盐...     

高通量测序技术分析化疗对食管癌患者肠道菌群的影响及其与化疗效果的关系

目的 探讨化疗对食管癌患者肠道菌群的影响及其与化疗效果的关系。方法 选取2021年11月至2022年3月河南省南阳市中心医院收治的食管癌患者12例。收集其化疗前及化疗2个周期后的粪便样本,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析粪便样本中的微生物多样性和组成差异,以及不同化疗效果组之间的菌群差异。结果 在门水平上,化疗前后食管癌的肠道菌群均主要由厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门组成,占总群落的96.0%以上。化疗后粪便样本中表征肠道菌群丰富度的Chao1指数和Observed-species指数以及表征肠道菌群多样性的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均明显高于化疗前样本[(1 916±1 260)比(1 005±302)、(1 672±1 073)比(869±279)、(7.0±1.3)比(5.9±0.7)、(0.96±0.03)比(0.93±0.06)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Beta多样性分析结果显示化疗后与化疗前的粪便样本中的菌群结构差异有统计学意义,组间差异大于组内差异(R=0.089,P=0.049)。线性判别分析效应大小分析显示,肠道菌群厚壁...     

注射用益气复脉（冻干）对慢性心力衰竭大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 探讨注射用益气复脉（冻干）（YQFM）对慢性心力衰竭（CHF）大鼠的肠道菌群的影响。方法 采用腹主动脉缩窄法制备CHF大鼠模型,选取造模成功的大鼠随机分为3组：模型组和YQFM低、高剂量（464.3、928.6 mg·kg^-1,464.3 mg·kg^-1为临床等效剂量）组;假手术组大鼠进行切口和缝合,但不进行结扎缩窄。每天尾iv给药1次,连续给药14 d,假手术组和模型组尾iv给予0.9%氯化钠注射液。给药前后采用超声诊断仪检测大鼠心功能;给药14 d后取血,ELISA法检测大鼠血清心钠肽（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、内皮素（ET）、丙二醛（MDA）水平;取出盲肠位置粪便,进行高通量16S rRNA测序分析。结果 与模型组比较,YQFM组大鼠的左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）和左室射血分数（LVEF）均显著升高（P＜0.01、0.001）,ANP、BNP、CK-MB、ET、MDA水平均显著下降（P＜0.001）。Venn图结果显示,CHF模型可以使大鼠肠道菌群数量下降;α多样性分析结果显示,与模型组比较,YQFM组的Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数均显著上升（P＜0.05、0.01）;在非度量多维尺度（NMDS）和主坐标分析（PCoA）中,YQFM组与假手术组的差异比模型组与假手术组的差异小;在门水平下,与模型组相比,YQFM组的厚壁菌门相对丰度升高,高剂量组差异显著（P＜0.01）,YQFM组的拟杆菌门相对丰度有降低趋势,YQFM低、高剂量组的厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（F/B）呈升高趋势。在丰度等级曲线中,模型组与假手术组的差距大,YQFM组更接近假手术组,肠道菌群的均匀度明显回升。结论 YQFM改善CHF大鼠的心功能,缓解炎症反应,改善肠道菌群紊乱。     

琥珀酸曲格列汀对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的改变

目的:研究琥珀酸曲格列汀对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:16S rRNA高通量测序法对健康组、T2DM组、琥珀酸曲格列汀组、磷酸西格列汀组小鼠肠道菌群进行测序,利用QIME对数据进行过滤,对物种进行分类和注释。对样品的Alpha多样性指数和Beta多样性指数进行了分析,比较4组的样本菌群丰富度和多样性。结果:结果表明健康组、T2DM组、琥珀酸曲格列汀组、磷酸西格列汀组小鼠肠道菌群结构差异具有统计学意义。与健康组相比,T2DM组的厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值降低,与琥珀酸曲格列汀组比较,T2DM组的Cyanobacteria、Verrucomicrobia、Tenericutes差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM组候选生物标志物可能是:Bacilli、Lactobacillales、Lactococcus、Streptococcaceae;琥珀酸曲格列汀组候选生物标志物可能是:Bacteroidia、Bacteroidetes、Bacteroidales、Prevotella、Paraprevotellaceae、Parabacteroides、Porphyromonadaceae;磷酸西格列汀组候选生物标志物可能是:Lactobacillus、Lactobacillaceae、Helicobacter。结论:使用琥珀酸曲格列汀改善小鼠肠道菌落,可能通过改善肠道菌群而达到降糖效果。     

The antidepressant-like effect of probiotics and their faecal abundance may be modulated by the cohabiting gut microbiota in rats

Numerous studies have been published describing the effect of various probiotics (PRO) on behaviours related to psychiatric disease. We have previously shown a robust antidepressant-like effect of PRO in rats, but over time, the treatment effect seems to vary significantly between different sets of rats from the same commercial vendor. Therefore, we hypothesised that the antidepressant-like response may be modulated by the cohabiting gut microbiota.The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate any differences in the gut microbiota composition between responders (Resp) and non-responders (Non-resp) to PRO with regards to depressive-like behaviour, and (2) to evaluate the effects of PRO on the microbiota composition.Two sets of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats each were treated with multi-species PRO (nine Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus species) for eight weeks and subjected to a behavioural assessment. Faecal samples were collected for 16?s rRNA (VR4) gene amplicon sequencing (Illumina MiSeq).As previously reported, PRO-treated Resp animals showed a marked decrease in depressive-like behaviour, whereas no such response was seen in Non-resp. We observed profound differences in the gut microbiota composition between the two sets of rats, and the relative faecal abundance of the genera that comprised PRO was higher in Resp than in Non-resp although treated with the same dose of PRO. Particularly, the relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus was not increased in PRO-treated Non-resp animals.In conclusion, the cohabiting microbiota and the faecal abundance of PRO may modulate the antidepressant-like effect of PRO in rats.     

Dapagliflozin modulates the faecal microbiota after myocardial infarction in non-diabetic mice

The gut microbiota seems to be a major modulator of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), is an antidiabetic agent that was recently utilized in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the faecal microbiota of postinfarction non-diabetic mice. A total of 19 male mice were randomly divided into three groups, where two groups were enduced with myocardial infarction (MI) by left anterior descending ligation. One day after the surgery, each group was administered normal saline (15 mL/kg/day, 0.9%) or dapagliflozin (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was obtained on day 28 post MI. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the degree of fibrosis. Faecal samples were collected to assess the microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We found that dapagliflozin significantly improved cardiac function in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction mice model after the 28-day treatment, especially in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (p < 0.01). Enterotypes were composed of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae after dapagliflozin treatment, while Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were the main enterotypes post-MI. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillaceae, while decreasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacteriaceae. It was interesting to discover that Proteobacteria (especially Desulfovibrionaceae) were enriched after the dapagliflozin treatment for myocardial infarction. Dapagliflozin increased the abundance of the main beneficial bacteria. In post-myocardial infarction treatments, using dapagliflozin could positively contribute to the improvement of cardiac function and alter the structure of faecal microbiota.     

高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR分析何首乌肝损伤与肠道微生物组的关系

目的采用Illumina高通量测序技术和实时荧光定量PCR（Real-Time PCR,RT-PCR）法研究何首乌（PM）致肝损伤与肠道微生物组间的关系,并验证两种定量方法的一致性。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组：对照组、脂多糖（LPS）组、LPS+对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）组、PM组和LPS+PM组;大鼠尾iv给予4.0 mg/kg LPS建立肝损伤模型,各组相应每天1次ig给予0.625 g/kg APAP和12 g生药/kg PM,记录大鼠体质量;分别于造模后2、14 h、5和8 d,对大鼠粪便中细菌16SrRNA基因的V4高变区进行Illumina高通量测序,根据测序结果得出的差异物种,采用RT-PCR进行验证;取造模后8 d大鼠肝脏组织,HE染色,光学显微镜观察。结果大鼠肝脏病理学检查结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS组大鼠存在肉芽肿,PM组无异常病变;与LPS组比较,LPS+PM大鼠肝细胞出现轻度变性和微小肉芽肿增多,LPS+APAP组可见微小肉芽肿和淋巴细胞浸润。Illumina高通量测序结果提示,与对照组比较,随着PM给药次数增加,单独给予PM的大鼠肠道微生物无显著变化;LPS+PM组表现为肠球菌科和毛螺旋菌科细菌逐渐增加,乳杆菌属细菌减少,且与LPS组有差异;RT-PCR结果显示,与对照组比较,随着PM给药次数的增加,单独给予PM的大鼠肠道微生物无显著变化;LPS+PM组肠球菌科、毛螺旋菌科细菌数显著增加（P<0.05）,乳杆菌属细菌数显著减少（P<0.05）,且与LPS组比较有显著差异。结论 PM肝损伤大鼠存在不同程度的菌群失衡,且Illumina高通量测序和RT-PCR检测结果具有良好的一致性,但Illumina高通量测序技术可获得更多的微生物信息,更具优势。     

黄芩素调节肠道菌群并改善小鼠化疗诱导性肠黏膜炎的作用及其机制

研究黄芩素(baicalein, Bai)对化疗性肠黏膜炎(chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, CIM)小鼠的治疗作用及对肠道菌群的调节作用,探讨黄芩素对CIM的治疗作用与肠道菌群调控的关系。选取雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和黄芩素给药组,联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU)及伊利替康(irinotecan, IRI)制备CIM小鼠模型。动物福利和实验过程均遵循中国医学科学院药物研究所动物伦理委员会的规定。研究发现:黄芩素可显著抑制CIM小鼠体重下降、降低疾病活动指数及血清中白介素6 (interleukin 6, IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα, TNF-α)含量。菌群多样性分析和物种差异分析显示,模型组小鼠肠道菌群组成与对照组存在明显差异,黄芩素对CIM小鼠粪便菌群具有调节作用,可降低拟杆菌属、大肠杆菌属、志贺氏菌属、副杆菌属、肠球菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属和乳球菌属丰度,而显著升高穆氏杆菌属丰度。关联性分析显示, CIM小鼠血清的IL-6和TNF-α含量...     

Efficacy of Yougui pill combined with Buzhong Yiqi decoction in alleviating the sexual dysfunction in female rats through modulation of the gut microbiota

ContextYougui pill combined with Buzhong Yiqi decoction (YPBYD) is used to relieve sexual dysfunction in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in microbial composition caused by sexual dysfunction and identify dominant bacteria related to YPBYD treatment.Materials and methodsFemale Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): one group underwent Sham operation (Sham group), while three groups underwent ovariectomy (one model and two treatment groups). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats received oestradiol benzoate (250 µg/kg/week) or YPBYD (3.6 mL/d) via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Vaginal smear assay was performed; the serum levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and oestradiol (E2) were measured, followed by collection of stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsAfter YPBYD treatment, the levels of E2 and cAMP in OVX rats significantly increased (E2: from 20.45 ± 1.60 ng/L to 24.38 ± 1.70 ng/L; cAMP: from 261.41 ± 9.21 pg/mL to 373.75 ± 17.37 pg/mL). OVX treatment decreased diversity of gut microbiota and YPBYD treatment restored gut microbiota composition. Compared with Sham group, the abundance of Romboutsia significantly increased, while those of Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus markedly decreased in OVX group (all p < 0.05); meanwhile, the abundance of these microbes showed an opposite trend after YPBYD treatment. These microbiotas were involved in tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings are the first to indicate YPBYD can alleviate female sexual dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota in OVX rats, which will help enhance the understanding on potential mechanism of YPBYD against sexual dysfunction.     

Modifications of gut microbiota are associated with the severity of IgA nephropathy in the Chinese population

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease. The pathogenesis of IgAN is associated with dysregulated intestinal mucosal immunity. However, whether gut microbial modifications play a role in IgAN remains unclear. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 52 patients with IgAN and 25 healthy controls (HCs). The gut microbiome was analysed using the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1, and C-reactive protein were quantified. Substantial differences in the gut microbiota were identified between patients with IgAN and HCs (P < 0.05). Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella levels were significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in HCs, while Bifidobacterium and Blautia spp. Levels were lower. Higher proportions of Escherichia-Shigella and lower proportions of Bifidobacterium spp. were observed in patients with IgAN with high urine RBC count (≥10/HP) and proteinuria (≥1 g/24 h) levels. Correlation analysis was used to assess the association between gut microbiota and biomarkers in patients with IgAN. The results showed that Prevotella 7 levels were negatively correlated with Gd-IgA1, LBP, sCD14, ICAM-1, and TNF-α levels, while Bifidobacterium spp. Levels presented a significant inverse relationship with LBP and Gd-IgA1. Additionally, Escherichia-Shigella levels were negatively correlated with Prevotella 7. In patients with IgAN, gut modifications were characterised by an increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria and a reduction in the levels of beneficial bacteria, suggesting that the disturbance of intestinal microflora might be important in the severity of IgAN.