寿胎丸抑制滋养细胞miR-29c-3p/Caspase-8/GSDME焦亡信号轴治疗URSA的作用与机制研究

目的：探讨寿胎丸通过靶向miR-29c-3p/Caspase-8/GSDME信号通路减轻滋养细胞焦亡治疗不明原因复发性自然流产（URSA）的作用与关键机制。方法：全转录组高通量测序分析正常早孕妇女（NP组）和URSA患者绒毛组织中的差异mRNAs;Western blot检测Caspase-8、Caspase-3和GSDME表达及活化水平；qRT-PCR检测miR-29c-3p和CASP8 mRNA表达。体外调控HTR-8/SVneo细胞miR-29c-3p表达，分析其对Caspase-8和细胞焦亡相关分子表达及细胞培养上清中IL-1β、IL-18蛋白水平的影响。补肾固冲经典方剂寿胎丸含药血清作用于HTR-8/SVneo细胞后，观察miR-29c-3p、CASP8 mRNA表达和Caspase-8、Caspase-3及GSDME蛋白表达及活性，并检测培养上清中IL-1β与IL-18蛋白水平。CBA/J雌鼠和DBA/2雄鼠交配构建URSA小鼠模型，随机分为溶剂对照组、寿胎丸组、寿胎丸+INC组及寿胎丸+miR-29c-3p inhibitor组，观察各组胚胎吸收情况；检测各组胎盘组织中m...     

miR-200b靶向ATG12对人牙周膜成纤维细胞自噬及炎症反应的调控作用

目的检测炎性人牙周膜成纤维细胞(hPDLF)及细胞自噬后miR-200b的表达,验证miR-200b在自噬中的作用及与ATG12的靶向关系,探讨miR-200b及细胞自噬对牙周炎的调控。方法检测LPS、雷帕霉素及3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)处理后的hPDLF细胞中miR-200b的表达,ELISA检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-12及TNF-α的表达,Western blot检测LC3 II/LC3I的蛋白表达,RT-qPCR、Western blot检测ATG12表达量,双荧光素酶验证miR-200b与ATG12的靶向关系。结果 LPS可上调h PDLF中miR-200b的表达(P0.05),且LPS与miR-200b均可使炎性因子IL-6、IL-12及TNF-α的表达升高,后者上调更为明显;雷帕霉素及miR-200b均可使LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ蛋白升高;miR-200b与ATG12存在靶向调控作用关系。结论 miR-200b通过靶向下调ATG12基因的表达调控hPDLF细胞自噬,促进牙周炎的炎性反应。     

miR-30a通过靶向调控Beclin-1、ATG5影响食管癌细胞自噬及增殖过程北大核心CSCD

目的:探究miR-30a通过靶向调控Beclin-1、ATG5表达对食管癌细胞自噬及增殖过程的影响。方法:靶基因预测、双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-30a对Beclin-1、ATG5的靶向调控作用。GEO、Human Protein Atlas和GEPIA在线分析TCGA数据库和GTEx项目中食管癌组织及癌旁组织miR-30a、Beclin-1、ATG5表达、患者预后生存期。免疫组化检测45例食管癌及癌旁组织标本Beclin-1、ATG5表达,并分析Beclin-1、ATG5表达与患者临床病理参数的关系。采用脂质体LipofectamineTM3000将靶向Beclin-1、ATG5的miR-30a-mimic转染至Eca-109细胞,体外常规培养并分为3组:未转染组(control组)、转染无义RNA的阴性对照组(mimic NC组)、转染miR-30a-mimic的干扰组(miR-30a组)。MTT和克隆形成实验测定细胞增殖活力;qRT-PCR检测miR-30a、Beclin-1、ATG5 mRNA表达;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;Transwell小室实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭;Western blot检测Beclin-1、ATG5、LC3Ⅱ、p62蛋白表达。透射电镜观察细胞自噬泡形成情况。结果:生信分析结果显示,食管癌组织中miR-30a表达高于正常组织,Beclin-1、ATG5表达低于正常组织,且预后生存期与miR-30a表达呈负相关,与Beclin-1、ATG5表达呈正相关(P<0.05)。与control组和mimic NC组相比,miR-30a组细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力、p62蛋白表达明显升高,Beclin-1、ATG5、LC3Ⅱ表达、细胞自噬活力明显降低(P<0.05)。而control组与mimic NC组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:miR-30a靶向调控Beclin-1、ATG5表达;Beclin-1、ATG5在食管癌组织和细胞中表达均降低,具有肿瘤抑制基因作用,可能通过抑制癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭、促进自噬发挥抑癌作用,为通过靶向调控自噬途径治疗食管癌提供了新思路。     

敲低miR-34c-5p抑制低氧诱导的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡

目的 探讨敲低miR-34c-5p对提高骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)存活率的作用。方法 将大鼠BM-MSCs分为常氧组(normoxia组)、低氧组(hypoxia组)、常氧抑制剂阴性对照组(normoxia inhibitor NC组)、低氧抑制剂阴性对照组(hypoxia inhibitor NC组)、常氧微RNA(miR)抑制剂组(normoxia miR inhibitor组)和低氧miR抑制剂组(hypoxia inhibitor miR组);Lipofectamine^TM2000将miR-34c-5p inhibitor转染至BM-MSCs细胞;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和ELISA检测miR-34c-5p、IGF、HGF、bFGF和VEGF表达;流式细胞测量术和TUNEL检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测cleaved caspase-3,-9,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白水平;生化试剂盒检测ATP/ADP。流式细胞测量术检测细胞摄取葡萄糖能力。结果 与hypoxia inhibitor NC组相比,敲低miR-34c-5p可明显抑...     

circAGFG1对非小细胞肺癌生物学行为的影响机制研究

目的 探讨环状RNA(circRNA)AGFG1通过靶向微小RNA(miR)-374a-5p/血管内皮生长因子C(VEGFC)轴对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）生物学行为的影响机制。方法 qRT-PCR检测55例NSCLC患者的癌组织和癌旁组织以及人支气管上皮细胞系（BEAS-2B）、人NSCLC细胞系（HCC827、H1975、A549、H1299）中circAGFG1、miR-374a-5p、VEGFC mRNA表达水平。以A549细胞为研究对象,设置对照组、circAGFG1小干扰RNA(si circAGFG1)组及阴性对照（si NC）组、si circAGFG1+miR-374a-5p抑制物（miR-374a-5p inhibitor）组以及si circAGFG1+抑制物对照组（inhibitor NC）组。qRT-PCR检测各组A549细胞中circAGFG1、miR-374a-5p、VEGFC mRNA表达水平;CCK-8及Transwell实验分别检测细胞活力及迁移、侵袭能力;Western blot检测增殖蛋白Ki-67、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)以及VEGFC...     

miR-142-3p 靶向ATG4c 调控RAW264.7 巨噬细胞自噬

目的:研究miR-142-3p 对自噬相关基因ATG4c 的靶向调控作用,探究miR-142-3p 影响RAW264.7 细胞自噬途径的作用机制。方法:生物信息学软件分析miR-142-3p 的靶基因为ATG4c,构建pMIR-Report-ATG4c 和pMIR-Report-ATG4c mut 重组质粒,双荧光素酶报告系统、qRT-PCR、Western blot 验证miR-142-3p 与ATG4c 的靶向作用;将做不同处理的RAW264.7 细胞分为4 组:正常细胞作为对照、50 ng/ ml 雷帕霉素作用2 h、EBSS 饥饿作用12 h、10 nmol/ L 的3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)作用12 h 后,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测miR-142-3p 不同干预组中的相对表达情况;将miR-142-3p mimics、miR- 142-3p inhibitor 及miR-142-3p control 分别转染到RAW264.7 细胞中,检测miR-142-3p 和LC3域的相对表达。结果:双荧光素酶报告系统、qRT-PCR、Western blot 验证miR-142-3p 通过靶向作用于ATG4c 的3忆-UTR 抑制其表达;与对照组相比,雷帕霉素和饥饿处理的RAW264.7 细胞miR-142-3p 明显上调,而3-MA 处理组miR-142-3p 明显下调;与miR-142-3p control 组相比,转染miR-142-3p mimics 组中LC3域蛋白表达显著下调,而miR-142-3p inhibitor 组中表达显著上调。结论:miR-142-3p 通过靶向调控自噬相关基因ATG4c,参与RAW264.7 小鼠巨噬细胞自噬的调控。     

Linc00152靶向miR-376c-3p对宫颈癌细胞活力、凋亡和放射敏感性的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA Linc00152对宫颈癌细胞活力、凋亡和放射敏感性的影响及作用机制。方法:RT-qPCR检测宫颈癌HeLa细胞和SiHa细胞以及正常宫颈细胞Ect1/E6E7中Linc00152与微小RNA-376c-3p(miR-376c-3p)的表达水平。建立Linc00152低表达或miR-376c-3p过表达的宫颈癌HeLa细胞系,MTT法、流式细胞术、集落形成实验和Western blot分别检测Linc00152低表达或miR-376c-3p过表达对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的活力、凋亡、放射敏感性及相关蛋白表达的影响。双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证Linc00152与miR-376c-3p的调控关系。结果:与Ect1/E6E7细胞相比,宫颈癌HeLa细胞和SiHa细胞中的Linc00152表达上调,miR-376c-3p表达下调(P<0.05)。Linc00152低表达或miR-376c-3p过表达均可抑制HeLa细胞的活力,并诱导其凋亡,增强其放射敏感性,抑制cyclin D和Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进P21和Bax蛋白表达(P<0.05)。Linc00152在HeLa细胞中负向调控miR-376c-3p的表达,抑制miR-376c-3p表达可逆转Linc00152低表达对HeLa细胞活力、凋亡和放射敏感性的作用。结论:宫颈癌细胞中Linc00152高表达;Linc00152通过靶向调控miR-376c-3p影响HeLa细胞的生长、凋亡和放射敏感性,是宫颈癌潜在的诊治靶点。     

微小RNA-513c-5p在宫颈癌中的表达及靶向组蛋白去乙酰化酶1调节宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭的机制

目的 探讨微小RNA（miR)-513c-5p在宫颈癌中的表达及靶向组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（HDAC1）调节宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭的机制。方法 临床收集宫颈癌患者86例,通过Real-time PCR检测肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中miR-513c-5p水平,分析其与宫颈癌病理特征的关系。通过双荧光素酶报告验证miR-513c-5p靶向HDAC1。将宫颈癌HeLa细胞系分为4组：对照组、类似物(mimic)组、mimic+HDAC1组和HDAC1组。通过质粒转染技术过表达miR-513c-5p和(或)HDAC1。Real-time PCR和Western blotting分别用于检测RNA或蛋白的表达水平。分别通过CCK-8法、细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测各组的细胞生长、迁移和侵袭能力。 结果 宫颈癌组织中miR-513c-5p水平显著低于癌旁组织。低水平的miR-513c-5p与更高的局部侵袭、淋巴转移和远端转移有关（P<0.05）。miR-513-5p靶向抑制HDAC1表达。过表达miR-513c-5p显著抑制宫颈癌细胞生长、迁移和侵袭（P<0.05）。过表达HDAC1促进细胞生长、迁移和侵袭（P<0.05）,并且可以逆转miR-513c-5p的抑制作用（P<0.05）。 结论 低水平的miR-513c-5p可能与宫颈癌转移有关,并且miR-513c-5p可通过靶向抑制HDAC1蛋白的表达抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长、迁移和侵袭。     

超声辐照携带miR-520c-3p和miR-132微泡对体外培养人肝癌细胞Huh7的影响

目的:观察超声辐照携带miR-520c-3p和miR-132微泡对体外培养人肝癌细胞Huh7的影响.方法:以超声辐照携带miR-520c-3p和miR-132微泡转染体外培养人肝癌Huh7细胞株.实验分5组:对照组(A组),miR-520c-3p mimics negative control+miR-132 mimics negative control+微泡造影剂+超声辐照(B组),miR-520c-3p mimics+微泡造影剂+超声辐照(C组),miR-132 mimic+微泡造影剂+超声辐照(D组),miR-520c-3p mimics+miR-132 mimics+微泡造影剂+超声辐照(E组).超声辐照条件:机械指数0.4,辐照参数2.0 W/cm2,连续辐照30 s,间隔60 s,共5次.采用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-520c-3p,miR-132,磷脂酰肌醇蛋白多糖-3(GPC3)和转录辅助因子YAP mRNA表达,采用Western印迹检测GPC3和YAP蛋白表达,采用噻唑监比色法检测细胞增殖活性,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡.结果:与A组、B组比较,C组、E组miR-520c-3p相对表达量升高(P＜0.05),而D组无明显改变(p＞0.05);D组、E组miR-132相对表达量升高(p＜0.05),而C组无明显改变(p＞0.05).与A组、B组比较,C组、E组GPC3蛋白相对表达量降低(P＜0.05),而其mRNA相对表达量无明显改变(P＞0.05).C组、D组、E组YAP蛋白以及其mRNA相对表达量均降低(P＜0.05).与A组、B组比较,C组、D组、E组细胞增殖率降低(P＜0.05),且E组降低最明显(p＜0.05);C组、D组、E组细胞凋亡率增加(P＜0.05),且E组凋亡最明显(p＜0.05).结论:超声辐照携带miR-520c-3p和miR-132微泡能显著抑制人肝癌Huh7细胞株增殖,并促进其凋亡,其机制可能与调节GPC3和YAP的表达有关.     

microRNA-181c-5p抑制Bcl2L11/Bim减轻压力超负荷诱导的小鼠心力衰竭

目的 探讨MicroRNA-181c-5p(miR-181c-5p)对压力超负荷诱导(TAC)的心力衰竭的作用机制.方法 30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分成对照组、TAC组和TAC+miR-181c-5p组.采用主动脉弓缩窄诱导小鼠心力衰竭动物模型,造模过程中,对模型组小鼠心肌多点注射给予5× 106U/10μL过表...     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.