注射丹参多酚酸盐对ApoE基因敲除小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6的影响

目的观察C57BL/6J ApoE基因敲除小鼠在丹参多酚酸盐(salvianolate,SAL)干预下血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)的变化,探讨SAL抗动脉粥样硬化的可能机制。方法给4周龄雄性C57BL/6J ApoE~(-/-)小鼠(共40只)和C57BL/6J野生型小鼠(10只)分别行高脂饮食处理,采用腹腔注射给药(1次/d,5次/w)方法,随机将其分为4组,模型组10只,腹腔注射生理盐水;丹参多酚酸盐低剂量(60 mg/kg)组10只、中剂量(120 mg/kg)组10只、高剂量(240m g/kg)组10只和C57BL/6J野生型小鼠,即正常对照组10只。24 w末时处死各组小鼠,留取血清,采用特异性放射免疫法测定各组小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6浓度。结果 24 w末时,模型组小鼠TNF-α和IL-6血清浓度明显升高;丹参多酚酸盐干预各组TNF-α和IL-6血清浓度均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05);随SAL浓度增加,各干预组TNF-α和IL-6血清浓度逐渐降低(P均<0.05),但仍均高于正常对照组水平(P均<0.05)。结论 SAL干预后ApoE~(-/-)小鼠TNF-α和IL-6水平下降,说明其可能通过降低动脉粥样硬化炎症反应进程来发挥抗动脉硬化作用。     

小红参改善高胆碱膳食小鼠结肠屏障功能障碍及减轻肠道炎症反应

目的:研究小红参对高胆碱饮食C57BL/6J小鼠肠屏障功能及炎症反应的影响。方法:将18只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白对照组、高胆碱饮食组和小红参治疗组，连续给药6周后，苏木精-伊红染色法(HE)镜检观察结肠绒毛长度及结肠病理变化；酶联免疫检测法检测血清中D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase, DAO)、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)含量；Western blot法检测肠组织中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludi、Claudin-1的表达；RT-PCR法检测结肠组织中炎症相关因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的表达水平。结果:小红参治疗后能增加小鼠肠绒毛长度，降低血清因子D-乳酸、DAO、MPO水平，上调紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-1的表达，抑制炎症反应及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达。结论:小红参可能通过修复结肠屏障功能和减...     

顺铂诱导肾损伤模型在C57BL/6小鼠J和N亚型中的差异性研究

目的 探讨C57BL/6 J和N亚型小鼠在顺铂诱导肾损伤模型中的易感性差异,为选择药物肾损伤模型提供理论依据。方法 雄性C57BL/6小鼠J和N两种亚型,各随机分为正常组(Control)、模型组(cisplatin, CDDP)。模型组腹腔注射顺铂(3.33 mg·kg^-1),隔天给药,持续2周,记录小鼠体重变化、存活率;检测Scr、BUN和β2-MG评价肾功能;HE、Masson和PAS染色法观察肾皮质病理改变。IL-6、IL-1β和IL-18等炎症因子检测顺铂导致的肾脏炎症反应。结果 与Control组相比,CDDP组两种亚系小鼠Scr、BUN和β2-MG均明显升高;组织学结果显示肾小管损伤,胶原纤维化和糖原沉积均增加;IL-6、IL-1β和IL-18炎症因子含量和肾皮质蛋白表达均明显升高。C57BL/6N与C57BL/6J系小鼠比较,C57BL/6N系小鼠肾功能指标Scr和BUN均值明显偏高(P<0.01),组织学评分各病理损伤较C57BL/6J亚系小鼠明显偏高,反映纤维化的Masson染色差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);IL-6、IL-1...     

大气颗粒物暴露致miR-150缺失小鼠海马神经炎症损伤的作用研究

目的探讨miR-150缺失在大气颗粒物暴露致小鼠神经炎症损伤的作用。方法 SPF级雄性C57BL/6J野生型及miR-150敲除C57BL/6J小鼠各30只,分为C57野生型清洁空气组(C57BL/6J组)、C57野生型常规空气暴露组(C57BL/6J+PM组)、miR-150敲除清洁空气组(miR-150ko组)及miR-150敲除常规空气暴露组(miR-150ko+PM组),每组15只。清洁空气组放置独立送回风净化笼具(Individual ventilation cages,IVC)饲养,常规空气组放置于常规空气饲养,实验期共12个月。应用旷场试验、新物体识别实验检测小鼠行为学变化,采用生物素双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)的方法检测小鼠海马中BDNF及炎症因子(TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-4及IL-17)变化。结果整个实验期间常规空气中PM_2.5的平均质量浓度为99.81μg/m³,IVC笼中洁净空气组PM_2.5的平均质量浓度为1.24μ...     

红景天苷对高氧致新生小鼠支气管肺发育不良的保护作用研究

目的 探讨红景天苷对新生小鼠支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的保护作用及机制.方法 采用高氧暴露法构建C57BL/6J新生小鼠BPD动物模型,将新生小鼠分为常氧组、高氧组及红景天苷组,比较各组肺损伤评分、肺组织湿质量(W)/干质量(D)值及血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核转录因子κB...     

冰岛刺参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对胰岛素抵抗小鼠炎症改善作用的研究

目的 研究冰岛刺参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯（fucoidan from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, Cf-FUC）对胰岛素抵抗小鼠炎症反应的改善作用。方法 以高脂高糖饲料饲喂法建立胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型。雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、Cf-FUC组。正常对照组饲喂标准饲料,其它组饲喂高脂饲料。阳性对照组、Cf-FUC组分别在饲料中添加罗格列酮（rosiglitazone, RSG, 1 mg?kg?1?d?1）、Cf-FUC (80 mg?kg?1?d?1）。各组小鼠自由摄食摄水19周。实验结束后,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、MIP-1、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10表达水平,荧光定量PCR方法检测小鼠脂肪组织炎症细胞因子基因mRNA表达水平,Western方法检测JNK1、IKKβ磷酸化蛋白水平及细胞核和细胞质中NFκB蛋白表达量。结果Cf-FUC可显著降低胰岛素抵抗小鼠血清TNF-α、MIP-1、IL-1β和IL-6浓度,增加IL-10浓度;抑制小鼠脂肪组织TNF-α、MIP-1、IL-1β和IL-6基因mRNA表达,促进IL-10基因mRNA表达;抑制JNK1和IKKβ的磷酸化,增加细胞质中NFκB蛋白表达量,减少细胞核中NFκB蛋白表达量。结论Cf-FUC能通过抑制JNK和IKKβ/NFκB信号通路抑制促炎症因子分泌,增加抑炎症因子分泌,改善胰岛素抵抗小鼠的炎症反应。     

运用GC-MS代谢谱研究AMPKα_2基因与2型糖尿病的关系

目的探究AMPKα2基因在代谢方面的作用。方法运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)结合化学计量学方法中的多元分辨(SIA)和模式识别方法(PCA),对AMPKα2基因敲除(AMPKα2-KO)和C57BL/6 J小鼠血清的代谢物谱进行了全面研究。结果与对照组C57BL/6J小鼠相比,AMPKα2-KO小鼠的核糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、胆固醇含量明显下降,而α-羟基丁酸、β-羟基丁酸、亚油酸含量明显升高。结论 AMPKα2基因在糖和脂肪酸代谢方面具有重要的作用。     

青蒿素对ApoE-/-基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的探讨青蒿素对ApoE-/-基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化以及炎症因子的影响。方法将20只ApoE-/-基因敲除小鼠分为青蒿素组和PBS处理组,每组10只,经高脂喂养8周,与对照组小鼠(C57BL/6J标准饮食小鼠,10只)比较,通过血管大体油红O染色评价斑块面积;HE染色观察病变形态及血浆中炎症因子的变化。结果与对照组比较,PBS处理组及青蒿素组均可见动脉硬化斑块,炎症因子水平升高。青蒿素组的动脉硬化程度及炎症因子水平均明显低于PBS处理组。结论青蒿素可以改善ApoE-/-基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化进展。     

毛磊,王静凤,陈鹏,张昕,王一名,常耀光,薛长湖*

目的 研究梅花参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(Fucoidan from Thelenota ananas,Ta-FUC)对高脂高果糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠慢性炎症的改善作用及相关信号通路。 方法 采用高脂高果糖饲喂C57BL/6小鼠,建立胰岛素抵抗模型。雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组：正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组(RSG,1 mg/(kg.d))、Ta-FUC低剂量组(20 mg/(kg.d))和Ta-FUC高剂量组(80 mg/(kg.d))。连续饲喂13 wk后,检测各组小鼠血糖、胰岛素和炎症因子水平以及炎症信号通路NF-κB中关键基因mRNA的表达。 结果 Ta-FUC能显著降低小鼠体脂比,显著降低空腹血糖和空腹血清胰岛素水平,提高葡萄糖和胰岛素耐受水平。显著降低血清促炎因子FFA、TNF-α、IL-6、抵抗素、瘦素和CRP含量,显著提高血清抗炎因子IL-10和脂联素含量。显著下调NF-κB信号通路关键基因Ikkβ和NF-κB mRNA的表达量,上调NF-κB抑制物I-κBα mRNA的表达量。结论 梅花参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯通过抑制炎症信号通路NF-κB,显著改善胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠的慢性炎症。     

穿心莲酸对高脂饲料喂养C57BL/6及NLRP3基因敲除小鼠脂质及炎症水平的影响

目的研究穿心莲酸对高脂饲料喂养C57BL/6及NLRP3基因敲除小鼠脂质及炎症水平及其相关蛋白的影响。方法将18只C57BL/6小鼠和18只NLRP3基因敲除小鼠分别随机分为3组,每组6只,雌雄各半。分别为对照组(Control)、模型组(HFD)、穿心莲酸(ANDA,12.5 mg·kg-1)组。对照组小鼠给予维持饲料,其余小鼠每笼每天给予20 g高脂饲料喂养(high fat diet,HFD),连续8周。第5周起,ANDA组连续灌胃给药4周,其他组小鼠灌胃给予蒸馏水,每天1次。收集血样及肝脏,测定血清中TC、TG、HDL-c、LDL-c及IL-1β水平;Western Blot测定肝脏中caspase-1、IL-1β、CYP7A1及LXRα的蛋白表达水平。结果给予高脂饲料喂养后,WT小鼠和NLRP3-/-小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-c水平均较对照组显著升高、HDL-c水平显著下降(P<0.01);与对应模型组相比较,穿心莲酸均能降低高脂饲料喂养的WT小鼠和NLRP3-/-模型小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量,提高HDL-c含量(P<0.01或P<0.05)。穿...     

胸腺肽β_4对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的作用

目的观察胸腺肽β_4对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响。方法 60只健康C57BL/6小鼠,随机分为正常对照组,哮喘模型组,地塞米松(25 mg·kg~(-1))组,胸腺肽β_4高剂量(5 mg·kg~(-1))组、中剂量(2.5 mg·kg~(-1))组和低剂量(1.25 mg·kg~(-1))组,每组10只。用卵白蛋白致敏法建立小鼠哮喘模型。正常对照组及哮喘模型组腹腔注射生理盐水,其他组注射相应药物,每日1次,共7 d。Medlab生理信号采集系统测定各组小鼠的肺功能,收集小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞分类计数并检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素5(IL-5)的含量。结果哮喘模型组呼吸频率高于正常对照组,潮气量和肺每分钟通气量低于正常对照组,血清中IL-5浓度和BALF中嗜酸粒细胞百分比高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。胸腺肽β_4高剂量组和地塞米松组潮气量和肺每分钟通气量高于哮喘模型组,血清IL-5浓度低于哮喘模型组(P<0.05)。胸腺肽β_4各剂量组和地塞米松组呼吸频率均低于哮喘模型组,BALF中嗜酸粒细胞百分比也均低于哮喘模型组(P<0.05)。结论胸腺肽β_4能抑制哮喘小鼠嗜酸粒细胞、调节IL-5的水平,改善小鼠的肺通气功能。     

大黄蛰虫丸对AOM/DSS诱导结肠炎相关 结直肠癌小鼠的抑制作用

目的:研究大黄蛰虫丸(DZP)对结肠炎相关结直肠癌(CAC)的影响及其可能机制。方法:以C57BL/6小鼠为研究对象,随机分为对照组、模型组,DZP低(2 g·kg^-1)、高剂量组(4 g·kg^-1)。除对照组外,其余各组采用AOM/DSS诱导小鼠CAC模型,并于造模中各组给予相应的药物灌胃干预。实验结束,比较各组小鼠死亡率,并以ELISA检测小鼠血清IL-1β和IL-18水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察结肠组织损伤情况;免疫荧光染色分析小鼠结肠Occludin和ZO-1的表达;免疫组化染色分析小鼠结肠ATG5、IL-1β和IL-18的表达水平;蛋白印迹检测小鼠结肠中LC3BⅠ/Ⅱ、SQSTM1及ATG5的蛋白表达水平。结果:经8周灌胃给药,对照组、模型组,DZP低、高剂量组的死亡率分别为0%、40.00%、20.00%、6.67%。与模型组相比,DZP能显著降低血清IL-1β和IL-18水平,提高小鼠肠道组织中Occludin和ZO-1的表达水平。同时,DZP能显著降低模型小鼠结肠组织中IL-1β、IL-18及SQSTM1的表达水平,提高模型小鼠肠道组织中的LC3BⅠ/Ⅱ和ATG5的蛋白表达水平。结论:DZP能显著降低CAC模型小鼠的炎症和死亡率;其作用机制可能与促进CAC模型小鼠肠道自噬改善肠道紧密连接相关。     

Different role of IL-4 in the onset of hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice

1. To study the role of interleukin (IL)-4 in the onset of contact hypersensitivity (CH) in mice, the effect of IL-4 gene-depletion and anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody treatment on dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced CH was examined. Simultaneously, to clarify the effect of background gene, DNFB-induced CH in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was compared. 2. Five repeated topical applications of DNFB to the ears of mice resulted in CH of the ears in terms of increases in ear thickness and histopathological changes. The magnitude of ear thickness increase in BALB/c mice was almost three times greater than that in C57BL/6 mice. 3. The CH in BALB/c mice was significantly suppressed by IL-4 gene-depletion and anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody treatment. In contrast, the symptoms of dermatitis in C57BL/6 mice were slightly affected by the same treatment. These changes corresponded well to the production of specific IgE antibody. 4. Total IgE antibody production and the expression of productive Cepsilon mRNA were dramatically suppressed by IL-4 gene-depletion and anti-IL-4 treatment in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Neither total IgG nor IgM levels in either strain of mice was altered by depletion of IL-4. 5. The expression of IFN-gamma in the skin lesion was dramatically suppressed by IL-4 gene-depletion in BALB/c mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. 6. These findings indicate that IL-4 plays an important role in the onset of DNFB-induced CH in BALB/c mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice.     

TAK-242通过调控JAK2/STAT3通路抑制小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应

目的：探讨Toll样受体4拮抗剂TAK-242抑制小鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（ischemia/reperfusion,I/R）炎症反应的分子机制。方法：选用48只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组：假手术组（sham）、模型组（I_30min /R_24h）、给药组[I/R+TAK-242（3 mg·kg^-1）]、干预组[I/R+TAK-242+AG490（15 mg·kg^-1）]。再灌注24 h后心脏超声检测小鼠心功能,氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色法测定心肌梗死面积,HE染色观察心肌病理改变,WB检测心肌JAK2/STAT3磷酸化水平,ELISA检测血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10和高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）浓度。结果：与sham组比较,I/R组小鼠左心室收缩期直径（LVIDs）延长（P<0.01）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）和左心室短轴缩短分数（LVFS）显著降低（P<0.001或P<0.01）,心梗面积明显增加并出现心肌炎性浸润,心肌p-JAK2/p-STAT3表达明显升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）,血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α和HMGB1水平显著升高（P<0.001或P<0.01）。与I/R组比较,TAK-242给药组小鼠LVIDs缩短（P<0.05）,LVEF和LVFS显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）,心梗面积缩小（P<0.01）,心肌炎症浸润减轻,心肌p-JAK2/p-STAT3表达降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）,血清IL-6和TNF-α水平明显下降（P<0.001或P<0.01）,而IL-10和HMGB1浓度进一步升高（P<0.01）。与TAK-242给药组比较,AG490干预可显著加强TAK-242治疗作用,包括心肌收缩功能增强,心梗面积缩小及炎性浸润程度减轻,心肌p-JAK2/p-STAT3表达降低（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α浓度下降而IL-10、HMGB1浓度升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论： Toll样受体4拮抗剂TAK-242抑制小鼠I/R炎症反应与JAK2/STAT3信号通路失活有关。     

结合网络药理学从JAK2/STAT3信号通路探讨麻杏甘石汤抗流感病毒的效应机制

目的结合网络药理学探索JAK2/STAT3信号通路在A型流感病毒感染所致肺组织损伤中的影响,并探讨麻杏甘石汤对该通路的干预作用。方法通过网络药理学方法筛选麻杏甘石汤作用于流感病毒的潜在靶点所富集的信号通路;以BLAB/c小鼠为研究对象,用A型流感病毒进行滴鼻感染,设置正常对照组、模型对照组、奥司他韦组、抗病毒颗粒组和麻杏甘石汤组,给予相应药物3、7 d后,处理动物。常规法检测小鼠体质量并计算肺指数,观察肺组织病理变化,RT-PCR法检测肺组织中JAK2、STAT3、IL^-1β、IL-4 mRNA表达水平,Western blot法或ELISA法检测肺组织中JAK2、STAT3、IL^-1β和IL-4的蛋白的表达水平;利用AutoDock Vina软件对STAT3与靶点化合物进行分子对接。结果麻杏甘石汤主要活性成分与流感病毒有110个交集靶点,富集于170条信号通路;麻杏甘石汤治疗组小鼠体质量增加,肺组织病理损伤减轻,肺指数下调,肺组织中JAK2、STAT3、IL-1βmRNA和蛋白的表达水平下调,IL-4 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平上调;STAT3与麻杏甘石汤中活性化合物甘草查尔酮A有较好的结合活性。结论麻杏甘石汤能有效地减轻肺部病理变化、调节免疫平衡,其可能的作用机制是通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活而缓解A型流感病毒感染所致的肺损伤。     

不同品系小鼠急性胰腺炎预后差异及其机制探讨

目的观察C57BL/6和BALB/C两品系小鼠急性胰腺炎预后差异,并探讨其预后差异的机制。方法腹腔内注射L-精氨酸的方法诱导两品系小鼠急性胰腺炎模型,观察其急性胰腺炎后24h病死率的差异,RT-PCR方法检测两品系小鼠肝、肺组织白细胞介素-1β(1L-1β)表达。结果急性胰腺炎时C57BL/6小鼠24h病死率(10%)与BALB/C小鼠病死率(40%)相比有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；两品系小鼠肝、肺组织1L-1β的表达在相同时相点有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论两品系小鼠急性胰腺炎时其组织炎症因子表达的差异与其病死率差异有明显相关性。     

The effects of fexofenadine on eosinophilia and systemic anaphylaxis in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

BACKGROUND: The effects of the non-impairing, H(1)-receptor antagonist fexofenadine were investigated in in vivo mouse models of eosinophilia and systemic anaphylaxis. METHODS: Eosinophilia was investigated in C57BL/6 mice (n=5 per group) infected with Trichinella spiralis, with and without administration of fexofenadine HCl (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day). Eosinophilia was also studied, with and without fexofenadine administration, in mice with a congenital mast-cell deficiency (W/W(v)) and controls (+/+). The effect of fexofenadine HCl (20 mg/kg/day) on IL-5 and eotaxin blood levels was also investigated in C57BL/6 mice. In a separate model, systemic anaphylaxis was induced in C57BL/6 mice using T. spiralis antigen. Fexofenadine HCl (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered 20 min before antigen challenge (n=5 per group). The effect of fexofenadine on systemic anaphylaxis caused by IgE and anti-IgE was also examined in CBF1 mice injected with serum from NC/Nga mice with high IgE levels. Rectal temperature was measured as an indicator of anaphylaxis. RESULTS: In C57BL/6 mice, repetitive oral administration of fexofenadine HCl (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day) resulted in dose-dependent suppression of eosinophilia (p<0.05-0.0001). No suppression was observed in mast-cell deficient W/W(v) mice. In addition, single oral administration of fexofenadine HCl (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the decrease in rectal temperature (p<0.01), a marker for systemic anaphylaxis, in C57BL/6 mice. In CBF1 mice injected with serum from NC/Nga mice with high IgE levels, the decrease in rectal temperature was suppressed by single administration of fexofenadine HCl (10 and 20 mg/kg; p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Fexofenadine had no effect on peripheral IL-5 and eotaxin levels. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that fexofenadine suppresses both eosinophilia and systemic anaphylaxis, both of which are fundamental reactions in allergic diseases.     

Opposite effects on tumor growth depending on dose of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides in C57BL/6 mice

We report here the investigation on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) against Lewis lung cancer (LLC) in C57BL/6 mice. Depending on its doses administered in vivo, ABPS was shown to have inhibitory as well as stimulative effects on tumor growth in LLC-bearing C57BL/6 mice. ABPS at low dose could significantly inhibit LLC growth, while high dose treatment of ABPS stimulated, rather than inhibited, LLC growth in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor cell cycle analysis revealed that more tumor cells arrested at G2/M phase after daily low dose intraperitoneal injection of ABPS for consecutive 15 days. The spleen weight increased markedly in LLC-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with high dose of ABPS. However, the spleen cytotoxicity activity was significantly despaired in mice of high dose treatment of ABPS. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expressions of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA were markedly up-regulated in spleens from mice treated with a high dose of ABPS by RT-PCR reactions, suggesting that the low dose of ABPS inhibits tumor growth via its effect on tumor cell cycle distribution, rather than activation of NK activity as previously suggested. We postulate that the stimulation of tumor growth by high dose of ABPS is associated with dysfunction of NK cell and up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in murine spleen.     

Assessment of preferential Th1 or Th2 induction by low-molecular-weight compounds using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method: comparison of two mouse strains, C57BL/6 and BALB/c.

The aim of this study was to examine whether the RT-PCR method for various Th1/Th2 cytokines is appropriate for determination of response to allergens using C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice, which are known to preferentially demonstrate Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively. To this end, both strains of mice were sensitized by skin painting with the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or the respiratory allergen trimellitic anhydride (TMA). We used the sensitizing protocol adopted by Kimber and coworkers (Toxicology 103, 63-73, 1995). At various time points after the last application, the levels of mRNA expression for Th1-type cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-18, and IL-12p40, as well as receptor IL-18R, and the Th2-type cytokine IL-4 and the receptor ST2L, in lymph nodes were measured. The results suggest that differential expression of IL-12p40 and IL-4 mRNA after 24 h allows clear discrimination between DNCB and TMA in C57BL/6 mice, more obviously than in Balb/c mice. Furthermore, to examine this method, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to OXA, DNFB, and TNCB (Th1-predominant allergens) or PA, TDI, and MDI (Th2-predominant allergens). Elevation of IL-12p40 expression was significant with the Th1 inducers, while the level of IL-4 was higher with Th2-predominant allergens. The results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, that differential expression of IL-12p40 and IL-4 in C57BL/6 mice may be useful as a parameter for assessing influence of contact and respiratory allergens.     

水飞蓟宾对内毒素血症心肌损伤的保护作用及机制

摘要：目的探究水飞蓟宾（SIL）对小鼠内毒素血症心肌损伤的保护作用和分子机制。方法24只C57BL/6小鼠分为对照（Control）组、SIL组、LPS组、LPS+SIL组,每组6只。通过腹腔注射脂多糖（LPS,10 mg/kg）制备内毒素血症心肌损伤小鼠模型。LPS注射前3 d,SIL组和LPS+SIL组每日通过灌胃方式给予SIL（100 mg/kg）,共给药3次;Control组和LPS组每日通过灌胃方式给予等量（0.2 mL）生理盐水,共灌胃3次。LPS注射6 h后超声检测各组小鼠心脏收缩功能;ELISA检测血清IL-1β和TNF-α表达水平;DHE染色观察各组小鼠心肌组织内活性氧（ROS）产量;TUNEL染色检测心肌凋亡率;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase 3和NOX2表达。结果与Control组相比,LPS组小鼠左心室射血分数、左心室短轴缩短率和Bcl-2表达量明显降低,而ROS产量、NOX2、Bax、Caspase 3、IL-1β与TNF-α表达量以及心肌凋亡率明显增加（P＜0.05）。与LPS组相比,LPS+SIL组经水飞蓟宾预处理后可明显改善LPS引起的上述改变（P＜0.05）。与Control组相比,单纯给予SIL干预对上述指标的变化无明显影响（P＞0.05）。结论水飞蓟宾可有效缓解内毒素血症心肌损伤,其作用可能与抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和抗凋亡有关。