美沙酮与可乐定联合治疗海洛因依赖52例临床分析

在海洛因依赖的急性脱瘾药物替代治疗中，目前主要使用美沙酮，但其递减法只能相对减少戒断症状的痛苦，却难以对付递减后期出现的迁延戒断症状，可乐定用于美沙酮替代治疗海洛因依赖的中、后期，可使戒断症状明显减轻，患者能安全、平稳渡过戒断期，达到临床“显效”     

美沙桐与可乐定联合治疗海洛因依赖52例临床分析

在洛洛因依赖的急性脱瘾药物替代治疗中，目前主要使用美沙酮，但其递减法只能相对减少戒断症状的痛苦，却难以对付递减后期出现的迁延戒断症太，可乐定用于美沙桐替代治疗海洛因依赖中，后期，可使戒断症状明显减轻，患者能安全，平稳渡过戒断期，达到临床“显效。     

美沙酮与丁丙诺啡治疗海洛因依赖临床疗效观察

应用美沙酮、丁丙诺啡替代递减疗法治疗100例海洛因依赖患者。采用随机开放临床试验，分两组对照观察。结果显示：美沙酮控制戒断症状疗效显著，作用时间长，经济方便，患者易接受，安全性更高。     

凯尔丁对美沙酮脱毒治疗后海洛因瘾者的继续治疗

美沙酮替代递减疗法目前广泛用于脱毒治疗,然而大多数美沙酮脱毒者停药后,仍存有程度不一的戒断症状和延长性戒断综合征,导致脱毒者难以经受这种慢性折磨而重蹈覆辙。为了缓解停药后的戒断症状,顺利向纳屈酮巩固治疗过渡,我们对此组经美沙酮脱毒后的海洛因瘾者,采取停药后继续口服中小剂量凯尔丁治疗,结果报告如下。     

海洛因依赖者脱瘾治疗中丁丙诺啡与美沙酮的比较研究

美沙酮(methadone)系目前世界上广泛用于阿片类药物依赖脱瘾(detoxification)治疗的经典药物。治疗方案有10天和21天替代递减法等多种。21天递减法有替代递减顺利、戒断症状较轻、给药方便、易于接受等优点,但脱瘾时间相对较长。丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)理论上可用于阿片类药物依赖的替代治疗和脱瘾。并能抑制海洛因依赖者使用海洛因和有强化作用。目前美     

海洛因依赖者美沙酮替代治疗早期的多导睡眠图研究

睡眠障碍是阿片类物质依赖和戒断的主要症状之一。美沙酮替代治疗海洛因依赖虽然能显著缓解其他戒断症状,但患者仍常有较为严重的睡眠障碍,表现为失眠和白天困倦。很多研究表明阿片类物质对睡眠质量及睡眠结构产生影响,然而既往研究主要针对美沙酮维持替代治疗的患者[1],对美沙酮替代治疗早期(戒断期)睡眠的研究较少。故本研究采用多导睡眠图探讨美沙酮替代治疗早期的睡眠特征,为临床治疗提供参考信息。1资料与方法1.1对象:患者来自北京安定医院中国药物依赖治疗中心自愿住院戒毒的海洛因依赖者,符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-…     

美沙芬对美沙酮治疗海洛因戒断症状的协同作用研究

目的：研究美沙芬在美沙酮治疗海洛因戒断症状中的作用。方法：采用随机单盲对照试验设计,试验组25例采用美沙芬与美沙酮合并用药,对照组25例仅用美沙酮,结果：逐日比较两组病人戒断症状,无显著差别。结论：美沙芬对美沙酮有协同作用,可以减少脱毒治疗时美沙酮的用量。     

亚低温冬眠疗法治疗重度脑挫伤的临床研究

目的探讨亚低温冬眠疗法对重度脑挫伤病人的脑保护机理及临床疗效。方法46例重度脑挫伤患者(GCS≤8分)随机分为亚低温冬眠治疗组和常温治疗组。其中亚低温冬眠组22例,入院后4￣12h内行亚低温冬眠治疗,输液泵持续静脉点滴冬眠合剂,将肛温控制在32￣35℃,亚低温冬眠治疗4￣7d,同时检测颈动脉和颈静脉血气、电解质变化、血糖及生命体征等指标。常温组24例除未行亚低温冬眠治疗外,其余综合治疗及监测方法同亚低温冬眠组。两组病人均于伤后3个月根据GOS预后评分判定疗效。结果与常温组比较,亚低温冬眠治疗组脑氧耗明显降低,高血糖情况显著下降,生命体征及电解质等无明显差异,无严重并发症,死残率明显降低,预后显著改善。结论亚低温冬眠疗法具有显著的脑保护作用,临床应用于重度脑挫伤救治安全有效,无严重并发症。     

美沙酮联合丁丙诺非治疗海洛因依赖者的疗效对比分析

在脱毒治疗中我们发现美沙酮控制戒断症状完全，但减药到低剂量时病人会出现明显的戒断反应，以至撤药困难，最终造成脱毒失败。为此，我们在其治疗的后期改用丁丙诺非与之联合则可减轻戒断症状。且撤药容易，病人依从性好。现将结果报告于后。     

可乐定对美沙酮递减戒毒无辅助作用

可乐定对美沙酮递减戒毒无辅助作用【英】／ＧｈｏｄｓｅＨ…／／ＢｒＪＰｓｙｃｈｉａｔｒｙ—１９９４，１６５（９）；—３７０～３７４抗高血压药物可乐定在初级保健或专科戒毒机构中，被广泛用于减轻鸦片类戒断症状。鸦片类和可乐定都阻滞被认为引起鸦片类戒断症状的...     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -