亚硒酸钠对肿瘤细胞生长增殖和细胞内环核苷酸水平的影响

把ＨＬ－６０细胞与含或不含亚硒酸钠（１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的培养液一起培养，用放名法测定ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ，以探讨亚硒酸钠对肿瘤细胞内环核苷酸水平的影响。研究发现１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的亚硒酸钠能显著地抑制ＨＬ－６０细胞的生长增殖，并降低静息的肾上腺（５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ｃＧＭＰ的水平，但对ｃＡＭＰ水平无影响。研究结果提示，亚硒酸钠的抗肿瘤作用可能是通过降低细胞内ｃＧＭＰ水平而发挥。     

他莫昔芬和甲孕酮对人卵巢癌细胞系增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：研究他莫昔芬和甲孕酮对人卵巢癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：用不同剂量的他莫昔芬和甲孕酮与人卵巢癌细胞系ＨＯ－８９１０体外培养９６ｈ，用苔盼蓝活细胞拒染法计活细胞数，免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法检测癌细胞增殖核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达情况，ＤＮＡ缺口原位末端标记方法（ＴＵＮＥＬ）检测细胞凋亡情况。结果：他莫昔芬和甲孕酮在０．１、１、１０ｕｍｏｌ均可使ＨＯ－８９１０活细胞数显著减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）；通过诱导细     

全反式维甲酸对阿糖胞苷诱导HL—60细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨ＨＬ－６０细胞经全反式维甲酸（ＡＴＲＡ）作用后对化疗药物阿糖胞苷（ＡＲＡ－ｃ）诱导凋亡敏感性的变化。方法：应用光镜检查凋亡细胞形态,ＤＮＡ电泳检查梯状条带及流式细胞周期分布、凋亡细胞率和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达的阳性细胞率和相对荧光强度（ＭＦＩ）。结果：ＡＴＲＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ作用ＨＬ－６０细胞７２ｈ后,Ｓ期细胞显著减少至３２．９％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,Ｇ０／Ｇ１期细胞明显增加到５８．５％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ｂｃｌ－２阳性细胞率和ＭＦＩ分别下降至１８％和０．６３（Ｐ〈０．０５）;Ａｒａ－Ｃ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ作用ＨＬ－６０细胞４ｈ,凋亡细胞率为５５．１％,ＤＮＡ电泳风明显的梯状条带。当ＨＬ－６０细胞经ＡＴＲＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ作用７２ｈ手中Ａｒａ－Ｃ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ继续培养４ｈ,细胞凋亡率明显减少至３４．４％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,     

双甲基氨氯吡咪对人肺癌细胞的酸化作用及其意义

目的　研究Ｎａ＋／Ｈ＋ 交换蛋白１（ＮＨＥ１）在肿瘤细胞ｐＨ 调节和增殖／ 死亡调控中的作用，探索肿瘤治疗新策略。　方法　用荧光探针法检测经双甲基氨氯吡咪（ＤＭＡ） 处理后的ＰＬＡ８０１Ｄ 细胞内ｐＨ（ｐＨｉ），同时用活细胞计数法观察ＤＭＡ 对ＰＬＡ８０１Ｄ 细胞增殖的抑制作用。　结果　５０ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＤＮＡ 处理４ ｈ 后即能明显酸化ＰＬＡ８０１Ｄ细胞（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５ ～０．０１） 。ＤＭＡ 有显著抑制ＰＬＡ８０１Ｄ 细胞的增殖，并导致其死亡。　结论　ＮＨＥ１ 在肿瘤细胞ｐＨ 调节中起着重要作用，阻止这一调节能抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡     

汉防已甲素对人食管癌细胞株Ｅｃａ-１０９增殖抑制和诱导凋亡的机制研究

目的　探讨汉防已甲素（Ｔｅｔ）对人食管癌细胞株Ｅｃａ-１０９增殖和凋亡的影响。方法　将人食管癌细胞株Ｅｃａ-１０９设不同浓度Ｔｅｔ处理组,并设立空白对照组。采用ＭＴＴ法观察Ｔｅｔ对Ｅｃａ-１０９细胞体外生长的抑制作用;采用透射电镜、流式细胞术观察Ｔｅｔ对Ｅｃａ １０９细胞凋亡的影响;采用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ、ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ观察Ｔｅｔ对Ｅｃａ-１０９细胞凋亡相关蛋白和ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果　Ｔｅｔ对Ｅｃａ-１０９细胞的抑制作用呈时间 剂量依赖性（Ｐ＜０.０５）,Ｔｅｔ干预４８、７２ｈＥｃａ-１０９细胞的ＩＣ５０分别为（２０.８８６±０.２１５）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（１４.３５２±０.１０２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。３０μｍｏｌ／ＬＴｅｔ处理细胞４８ｈ后,电镜下可见细胞缩小,核裂解,凋亡小体形成。分别以２０、３０、４０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｔｅｔ干预Ｅｃａ-１０９细胞４８ｈ后,流式细胞术显示早期凋亡率依次为０.１２％、０.３４％和０.３１％,中晚期凋亡率依次为４.０２％、７.４３％和７７.４２％;ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ显示,Ｂｃｌ-２蛋白和ｍＲＮＡ表达均随Ｔｅｔ浓度的增加而逐渐下调（Ｐ＜０.０５）,Ｂａｘ蛋白和ｍＲＮＡ表达均随Ｔｅｔ浓度增加而逐渐上调（Ｐ＜０.０５）,而ｐ５３蛋白水平在处理前后无明显变化。结论　Ｔｅｔ可以抑制食管癌Ｅｃａ-１０９细胞生长,促进其凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调Ｂｃｌ-２表达,上调Ｂａｘ表达有关。     

自体可溶性肿瘤抗原协同IL-2诱导外周血PBMC增殖及杀瘤

探讨自体可溶性肿瘤抗原（ＴＳＡ）与ＩＬ┐２共同诱导ＰＢＭＣ增殖及杀瘤作用。方法分三组用ＡＰＡＡＰ法观察细胞表型，ＭＴＴ法测定细胞增殖及杀瘤活性（靶细胞为ＭＮＫ４５系人胃低分化腺癌细胞）。结果培养第７天ＴＳＡ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）协同ＩＬ┐２诱导ＰＢＭＣ增殖显著高于单独ＩＬ┐２诱导（Ｐ＜０．０１）。且ＣＤ＋８及ＣＤ＋２５表达率增高，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１０，当效／靶比为８０∶１时ＩＬ┐２诱导的ＰＢＭＣ杀瘤活性为４８．６％，而１０μｇ／ｍｌＴＳＡ协同诱导ＰＢＭＣ杀瘤活性为８６．３％。结论为研究ＴＡＫ细胞提供了实验依据，提示该类细胞具有临床过继免疫治疗应用的潜能     

癌症病人全血硒和含硒酶活性水平探讨

用２、３－二氨基萘（ＤＡＮ）荧光法和ＤＴＮＢ直接法分别测定了１０２名正常人和５５例癌症病人的全血硒浓度和含硒醇──谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性，结果表明：正常人和癌症患者全血硒浓度和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力间呈显著相关（相关系数分别为０．６８和０．４８，Ｐ＜０．００１）；癌症患者全血硒浓度显著低于正常对照组（　±Ｓ：１．３３±０．２３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ对１．５８±０．２９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１）；癌症患者全血ＧＳＨＰｘ活力的平均值为正常人的７８．７％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

石斛多糖增强脐带血和肿瘤病人外周血LAK细胞体外杀伤作用的研究

目的：探讨石斛多糖（ｄｅｎｄｒｏｂｉｕｍ ｃａｎｄｉｄｕｍ ｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ，ＤＣＰ）与ｒＩＬ－２联合应用对脐带血ＬＡＫ细胞（ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ）和肿瘤病人外周血ＬＡＫ细胞（ＰＢ－ＬＡＫ）体外杀伤肿瘤细胞作用的影响。方法：应用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法测定ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ和ＰＢ－ＬＡＫ细胞的杀伤活性。结果：①ｒＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）能明显提高ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ对Ｒａｊｉ细胞的杀伤活性，０ｈ的ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ活性为１３．６３％，ｒＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导４８、７２、９６、１２０ｈ后，ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ活性分别提高至２２．２８％、２６．２３％、２８．５５％和２５．７６％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；②ＤＣＰ（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ或４００ｍｇ／Ｌ）与ｒＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）联合诱导ＣＢ－ＬＡＫ的活性，比单纯ｒＩＬ－２（５００ｕ／ｍｌ）的作用     

低剂量IL-2诱导的人胚胎脾脏CD_3AK细胞治疗晚期恶性肿瘤效果及实验研究

用ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ和低剂量ＩＬ－２（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导的人胎脾ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞治疗４３例晚期恶性肿瘤患者，取得疗效。经２～８疗程治疗，多数患者症状缓解，生活质量改善，ＰＲ＋ＭＲ１８例（４１．９％），Ｓ＋Ｐ２５例（５８．１％），死亡９例（２０．９％）。全组无严重毒副反应发生。同时比较ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞和常规ＬＡＫ细胞体外增殖及其杀伤活性，表明前者１４４ｈ增殖力高于后者（Ｐ＜０．０１），靶细胞抑制率二者无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。初步表明ＣＤ３ＡＫ／ＩＬ－２疗法效果肯定，毒副作用小，可能成为继ＬＡＫ／ＩＬ－２之后更为有效的肿瘤辅助治疗。     

化疗期间卵巢癌细胞及外周血淋巴细胞多药耐药基因表达产？…

目的 探讨卵巢癌细胞及外周血淋巴细胞多药耐药基因（ＭＤＲ１）表达产物Ｐ１７０的变化及临床意义。方法 从３８例首次手术及１５例复发卵巢癌腹水中提取癌细胞（ＡＣＣ），并抽静脉血提取淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ），用荧光单克隆抗体Ｐ１７０标记上述细胞，经流式细胞术检测，。结果①化疗前２１％卵巢癌细胞Ｐ１７０阳性；②复发组ＡＣＣ之ＭＤＲ１表达明显高于初发组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；③化疗期间及ＰＢＬ及ＡＣＣ的ＭＤＲ１，表达随     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.