射频导管消融治疗左心室室性早搏

目的 评价射频导管消融治疗左室室性早搏的疗效及安全性.方法 对11例顽固性频发左心室室性早搏患者(起源于左冠状动脉窦内2例,靶点距左冠状动脉开口约1.5cm,起源于左冠状动脉窦根部4例,二尖瓣环1例,左室游离壁1例,左室间隔部3例)采用起搏和(或)激动顺序标测的方法进行射频导管消融治疗.结果 11例患者中9例均成功进行消融治疗,室性早搏由术前的14326 ～24218次/24h改善至术后的0-10次/24h,无明显的并发症.结论 射频导管消融治疗左心室室性早搏是有效的,对频发左心室室性早搏(＞10000次/24 h)伴有明显临床症状者,可选择射频导管消融进行治疗.     

右室流出道室性早搏的导管消融治疗

目的　探讨右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏行射频导管消融治疗的可行性和有效性。方法　对 11例无器质性心脏病右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏患者进行射频导管消融 ,采用起搏标测 ,以起搏时与自发室早QRS波群图形完全相同的点为消融靶点。结果　消融即刻成功率 91% (10 / 11) ,所有患者无任何并发症 ,随访 1～ 30个月 ,无迟发并发症发生 ,无室早复发。结论　右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏予射频导管消融治疗有效、安全 ,具有可行性。     

应用射频消融术治疗右室流出道频发室性早搏的疗效观察

目的评价经导管射频消融治疗频发单形性右室流出道室性早搏的方法和疗效。方法选择28例症状重、右室流出道室性早搏患者进行射频消融治疗。所有患者均无器质性心脏病,24h动态心电图（Holter）确定RVOT频发单形性室性早搏≥10000次／24h。采用起搏标测和激动顺序标测,前者以起搏标测诱发的QRS波与室性早搏QRS波形态完全相同为消融靶点,后者以早搏时最早心室激动点为消融靶点。其中26例起源于右室流出道间隔部,2例起源于右室流出道游离壁。结果消融即刻成功率92．9％（26／28）,其中右室流出道间隔部92.3％（24／26）,游离壁100％（2／2）。患者24h动态心电图记录消融前、后室性期前收缩分别为（16206±2030）次／24h和（100±110）次／24h,P〈0．01。随访6-20个月,1例复发,再次消融成功。结论经导管射频消融可有效治疗症状重、药物治疗无效或不能耐受的单形性右室流出道室性早搏。     

射频消融治疗起源于左室流出道的非持续性室性心动过速和频发性室性早搏

目的观察左室流出道非持续性室性心动过速（室速）和频发性室性早搏患者的射频消融治疗结果,探讨此类患者的射频消融指证。方法５例患者因非持续性室速和频发性室性早搏而引起明显临床症状,药物治疗无效。采用起搏标测法确定室速和室性早搏的起源部位,并射频消融治疗。结果在升主动脉瓣左窦下方的左室流出道记录到提前（３１±４）ｍｓ的心室激动,起搏心电图１２导联ＱＲＳ波形与室速和室性早搏形态完全相同者４例,１１导联相同者１例,该部位消融后５例患者的室速和室性早搏不被诱发。随访１３±６个月,除１例患者复发,另４例的临床症状明显改善。结论射频消融治疗左室流出道非持续性室速和室性早搏安全有效,但应严格掌握适应证。     

室性早搏性心肌病的相关危险因素分析

目的:分析室性早搏性心肌病的相关危险因素以及射频导管消融治疗的可行性。方法:功能性频发单源室性早搏成功进行射频消融治疗的患者192例,其中单纯室性早搏组141例、室性早搏性心肌病组51例,分析2组患者性别、年龄、病程、体重指数、室性早搏数量及来源、是否合并室性心动过速等特点并进行比较。结果:与单纯室性早搏组比较,室性早搏性心肌病组男性更为多见(P0.01),体重指数更高(P0.01),室性早搏总负荷量更大(P0.05),合并室性心动过速的比例更高(P0.01)。结论:无其它器质性心脏病的频发室性早搏患者中,男性、室性早搏总负荷量较大、体重指数较高、合并室性心动过速可能是室性早搏性心肌病的高危因素。室性早搏性心肌病行室性早搏射频导管消融术安全、有效。     

起源于左室流出道的频发性室性早搏射频消融治疗

目的:观察左室流出道频发室性早搏的射频消融治疗效果。方法:8例频发室性早搏患者,药物治疗无效,采用激动标测和起搏标测法确定室性早搏的起源部位,并行射频消融治疗。结果:8例患者7例射频消融成功。7例中6例在主动脉瓣下方的左室流出道记录到提前(31±8)ms的心室激动,室性早搏形态与起搏心电图12导联QRS波形完全相同者5例,11导联相同者1例;1例在左冠窦内记录到提前33ms的心室激动,属左室流出道室性早搏特殊类型,消融成功。随访3～21个月未复发。1例左室流出道早搏因多处标测未找到理想的靶点,消融失败。结论:射频消融治疗左室流出道室性早搏安全有效。     

射频导管消融治疗主动脉左冠状窦室性心律失常疗效观察

目的探讨射频导管消融治疗起源于主动脉左冠状窦室性心律失常的临床疗效。方法 12例起源于主动脉左冠状窦的心律失常患者行射频消融治疗。采用激动顺序标测及起搏标测相结合,靶点V波较体表心电图QRS波群提前至少20ms,温控大头导管温度55℃,射频功率15～30w放电240s射频消融。随访患者射频消融治疗后的近期及远期疗效。结果靶点位于主动脉左冠状窦左冠状动脉开口下方1～2cm,即刻成功率为100。术中及术后无并发症发生。术后1个月内,12例患者复查动态心电图,室性早搏（室早）的次数由术前（15273±2056）次/24h,降为消融后的（656±135）次/24h,射频消融前后差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术后3个月11例患者室早消失,1例复发,再次行单导管法消融成功。结论射频消融治疗起源于主动脉左冠状窦的室性心律失常安全有效,并能根治该类型室性心律失常的发作。     

室性期前收缩的射频消融治疗的效果

目的:观察室性期前收缩（VE）射频消融治疗的临床效果。方法:对连续36例频发、药物难治性、症状明显的顽固性单源性VE进行导管射频消融治疗,术中标测方法采用联合起搏标测和激动顺序标测,同时结合试消融法指导标测,术后1月进行随访。结果:即刻成功率为86%,无严重并发症发生。术后1月时成功率为83%。结论:对于顽固性单源性VE导管射频消融治疗是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

射频消融治疗右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏的体会

目的　探讨射频消融治疗右室流出道频发室早的意义。方法　右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏病人2 8例。无心脏病史。ECG确定为右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏 (10 /min)。采用激动标测法 ,以自发单形性室性早搏V波最提前处为靶点消融。结果　即刻成功率 10 0 % (2 8/2 8)。术前与术后 2周 2 4h动态心电图监测 ,单形性室性早搏数 15 ,836～ 32 ,4 19/2 4h(术前 ) :0～ 1,2 36 /2 4h(术后 )。随诊 6～ 2 4个月 ,2 8例病人均已恢复正常生活 ,无并发症发生。结论　射频消融治疗右室流出道频发单形性室性早搏安全、有效。     

右冠状动脉窦内导管射频消融治疗室性早搏一例

患者,男,14岁,临床诊断为病毒性心肌炎后遗症、室性早搏。24h动态心电图提示频发室性早搏,42652次/天。给予抗心律失常药物无效。在右冠状动脉窦内进行导管消融成功消除室性早搏。结论 :少部分室性早搏起源于右冠状动脉窦内,可行导管射频消融。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.