左半结肠癌并肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除治疗体会（附27例报告）

１９９１￣１９９７年间对２７例左半结肠癌并肠梗阻行Ｉ期手术切除，采用术中肠道彻底顺利灌洗，前壁外翻缝合，肛管减压，必要时行回盲部置管造瘘等方法。进行回顾性分析，无一例出现吻合瘘，取得满意效果。认为：只要患者病情允许，左半结肠癌并肠梗阻行１期切除吻合是安全可行的。     

急性左半结肠梗阻一期切除吻合术中肠减压术式探讨

目的　探讨急性左半结肠一期切除吻合术中肠减压方法 ,以便提高手术的安全性。方法　回顾性分析急性左半结肠梗阻一期吻合术中所用“手术台上灌洗法”16例和“经切除肠段减压法”9例两种肠减压术。结果2 5例均未发生吻合口漏 ,创口一期愈合。结论　对病程短 ,肠梗阻程度较轻者两种减压法均可使用 ,且以“经切除肠段减压法”为佳 ;反之 ,以“手术台上灌洗法”较为安全     

肠道灌洗法在左半结肠梗阻Ⅰ期手术中的应用

左半结肠癌并肠梗阻属典型的闭袢性肠梗阻，传统的治疗方法是先行减压、冲洗，单纯性肿瘤切除，肠外置，如有可能1～2个月时再行Ⅱ期吻合。我院从1996～2005年对46例左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻患者，采用肠道灌洗法行Ⅰ期切除吻合术，效果满意，现报告如下。     

术中肠道清洁灌洗Ⅰ期吻合处理左侧结肠癌伴急性梗阻

目的 介绍左侧结肠癌伴急性梗阻(LOCC)Ⅰ期处理的方法并评价其合理性。方法 1988-1998年10年间我科收治的LOCC共38例，有28例选择性地实施了肿瘤I期切除，梗阻段结肠术中顺行灌洗和I期吻合。结果 手术死亡率0．00％(0／28)，吻合口漏3．6％(1／28)，伤口感染率7．1％(2／28)，平均住院14d。结论 LOCCⅠ期处理方法临床可行，效果满意，与经典手术方法相比使病人受益更多。     

左半结肠梗阻Ⅰ期行肠切除肠吻合的体会：附28例报告

报道自1991年以来我院收治左半结肠梗阻急诊手术患者28例。行Ⅰ期肠切除、肠吻合，术中结肠用生理盐水＋庆大霉素灌洗、0．5％灭滴灵保留灌洗，取得良好的效果，避免了Ⅱ期手术治疗。     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻一期切除吻合的安全保证——彻底快速而无污染的 …

目的：研究一种彻底快速而毫不污染手术野的术中肠减压方法，以便提高手术的安全性，方法：游离系膜后，钳夹下将拟切肠段的下端先切断，将其近侧断端置入并固定于粘附在手术床边的塑料袋中，松开肠钳，肠内容物自由流入袋内；双手交替推挤膨胀的肠段，由近而远，由小肠向大肠，直至大，小肠的内容物彻底排空，钳夹下切断上端，移除切下的肠段和充满粪的塑料袋。结果：使用本法行肠减压术，一期切除急性梗阻的左结肠癌３１例，均未发     

梗阻性左半结肠癌术中结肠灌洗I期切除单层吻合14例

我们1992年1月～2002年1月对14例左半结肠癌引起的急性结肠梗阻给予术中结肠灌洗并行I期切除单层Gambee吻合，全部达到了I期愈合，现报道如下。     

左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻74例手术治疗效果观察

目的探讨Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术和Hartmann术式治疗左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻临床疗效。方法将74例左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者分为Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术组(58例)和Hartmann术组(16例),观察对比两组手术疗效。结果两组术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术组的手术时间长于Hartmann术组,住院时间明显短于Hartmann术组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者,若条件允许,可争取行Ⅰ期手术,若条件不成熟,可行Hartmann术。     

左半结肠癌并肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除治疗体会(摘要)(附27例报告)

1991~1997年间对27例左半结肠癌并肠梗阻行I期手术切除,采用术中肠道彻底顺行灌洗,前壁外翻缝合,肛管排气,必要时作回盲部置管造瘘等方法,进行回顾性分析,无1例出现吻合口瘘,取得满意效果。认为:只要患者病情允许,左半结肠癌并肠梗阻行Ⅰ期切除吻合是完全可行的。     

次全结肠切除术治疗左半结肠癌性梗阻

目的 评价次全结肠切除在治疗癌性左半结肠梗阻中的价值。方法 总结左半结肠癌导致的28例急性肠梗阻患采用次全结肠切除术的临床资料。结果 男19例，女9例；年龄27-86(平均65．7)岁。均因急性肠梗阻收住院，从发病到手术间隔时间41—143(平均87)h。入院后均快速给予术前准备，在全麻下行次全结肠切除术，回肠结肠或直肠吻合术，其中根治性切除21例，姑息性切除7例，均痊愈出院，未出现吻合口瘘或死亡。术后每天排便1—2次。姑息切除的7例患均在术后16个月内死亡，根治性切除的21例患的1、3、5年生存率分别为100％、77．8％(14／18)和57．1％(8／14)。结论 次全结肠切除是治疗梗阻性左半结肠癌的有效和安全术式。     

Emergency surgery for obstructing colorectal cancers: a comparison between right-sided and left-sided lesions

BACKGROUND:

Fifteen to twenty percent of patients with primary colorectal cancers present with intestinal obstruction. Traditionally, different approaches have been used in the management of right-sided and left-sided colonic obstruction. Recently, single-stage resection with primary anastomosis in left colonic obstruction has been shown to have good results. The objective of this study was to compare the operative results of patients who had emergency operations for right-sided and left-sided obstructions from primary colorectal cancers.

STUDY DESIGN:

This is a retrospective study including 243 patients who underwent emergency operations for obstructing colorectal cancers from 1989 to 1997. Primary resection of the tumor-bearing segment followed by primary anastomosis was attempted when the conditions were feasible. The operative results of patients with right-sided tumors were compared with those of patients with left-sided tumors.

RESULTS:

One hundred seven patients had obstruction at or proximal to the splenic flexure (right-sided lesions), and 136 had lesions distal to the splenic flexure (left-sided lesions). The primary resection rate was 91.8%. Of the 223 patients with primary resection, primary anastomosis was possible in 197 patients. Among the 101 primary anastomoses in patients with left-sided obstruction, segmental resection with on-table lavage was performed in 75 patients and subtotal colectomy was performed in 26. The overall operative mortality rate was 9.4%, although that of the patients with primary resection and anastomosis was 8.1%. The anastomotic leakage rate for those with primary resection and anastomosis was 6.1%. There were no differences in the mortality or leakage rates between patients with right-sided and left-sided lesions (mortality: 7.3% versus 8.9%, P = 0.79; leakage: 5.2% versus 6.9%, P = 0.77). Colocolonic anastomosis did not show a significant difference in leakage rate when compared with ileocolonic anastomosis (6.1% versus 6.0%, P = 1.0).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed that primary resection and anastomosis for left-sided malignant obstruction, either by segmental resection with on-table lavage or subtotal colectomy, was not more hazardous than primary anastomosis for right-sided obstruction. The single-stage procedure should be the objective for the treatment of patients with obstructing colorectal cancers, except when patients are hemodynamically unstable during surgery or when the condition of the bowel is not optimal for primary anastomosis.     

左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻的外科治疗及预后分析

目的探讨左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻的外科治疗及其影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月间在青岛大学医学院附属医院行外科治疗的93例左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果93例患者中男53例,女40例;中位年龄61岁;其中51例合并内科疾病。行根治性切除术67例。其中一期切除吻合21例、Hartmann手术35例、Miles手术11例;行姑息性手术26例,其中单腔或双腔造瘘术14例,短路手术7例．姑息性切除5例。93例患者均获随访,1、3、5年生存率分别为94％、59％、38％。单因素和多因素预后分析显示,手术根治性、TNM分期和术前CEA水平是影响患者预后的独立因素（均P〈0．05）。结论手术根治性、TNM分期和术前CEA水平是左半结直肠癌并肠梗阻患者预后影响因素：早期诊治、根治性手术及合理地选择手术方式有助于提高患者生存率。     

Merits and faults of transanal ileus tube for obstructing colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: We report eight cases of obstructing colorectal cancer successfully managed by preoperative lavage using transanal ileus tube. METHODS: Decompression tube was transanally inserted into the colon proximal to the tumour under the guidance of the guide wire. Intestinal lavage with 1,500-2,000 mL of warm water was done every day until surgery. RESULTS: There were six men and two women; the mean age was 67 years (range, 50-82 years). Three cancers were in the sigmoid colon and five were in the rectum. Seven patients were treated with a one-stage operation with adequate lymph node dissection. In one patient, only sigmoidostomy was carried out for unresectable huge tumour. In all cases, no dilatation was observed at the proximal colon and no anastomotic failure developed. Four patients suffered from fever of unknown cause after the insertion of the tube. In one patient, the resected specimen showed ulcer by tube compression. In the other patient, the tube penetrated the intestinal wall, which was covered by mesentery. CONCLUSION: The transanal ileus tube is effective for the treatment of obstructing colorectal cancer. However, close observation is necessary because of possible perforation.     

Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy for hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinomas

Liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas occur frequently. While surgical resection offers the only hope for long-term cure, unsuspected bilobar metastases or extrahepatic metastatic disease may be found at laparotomy, precluding hepatic resection for cure. In this setting intraoperative interstitial hepatic irradiation using the Gamma Med II (Mick Radio-Nuclear Instruments, Bronx, New York) remote afterloading irradiator and an Iridium-192 source permits delivery of a tumoricidal dose to liver tumor(s) with a limited radiation dose to adjacent normal liver. Six patients underwent laparotomy for potential resection of hepatic metastases in a shielded operating room equipped with remote anesthesia monitoring capability and were found to be unresectable. An upper hand retractor facilitated liver exposure during the exploratory and subsequent radiation phases of the procedure. Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy was performed in each patient. No significant complications occurred on follow-up from 2 to 9 months. Hepatic tumor regression or stabilization occurred on sonography and/or CT scan in each case with a median follow-up of 5 months. The technique offers the potential to ablate discrete tumor nodules within the liver. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the role of intraoperative interstitial radiation in the treatment of hepatic metastases.     

Intraoperative colonoscopy for stapled anastomosis in colorectal surgery

Although stapling colorectal anastomosis is widely accepted as an alternative for hand-sewn anastomosis, we continue to experience postoperative complications such as anastomotic hemorrhage and leakage, which sometimes lead to serious morbidity or even mortality. To secure stapling colorectal anastomosis, we adopted intraoperative colonoscopy (IOCS). We performed IOCS in 73 cases of colorectal resection with stapling anastomosis from November 2004 to October 2005. Intraoperative colonoscopy revealed active bleeding from stapling anastomosis in 7 patients (9.6%). Of these, additional sutures were done in 6 patients, while the anastomosis was exteriorized in the other. The air leak test performed by IOCS was positive in 4 patients (5.5%), with additional sutures being done in 2 patients and reanastomoses performed in the other 2. Incomplete cutting of the mucosa was found in one patient, but it was successfully managed. Following the introduction of IOCS, there were no cases of postoperative anastomotic hemorrhage, and only one case of anastomotic leakage (1.4%).     

结直肠癌并梗阻实施术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期根治术的临床观察

【摘要】〓目的〓观察和分析术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期肿瘤根治切除肠吻合术治疗结直肠癌并梗阻的效果。方法〓选择60例在我院接受结直肠癌根治术并肠梗阻患者分3组,术中结肠灌洗组:急诊手术,实施术中全结肠灌洗后Ⅰ期根治术;常规处理组:患者经保守治疗,肠梗阻解除后实施根治术;分期手术组:保守治疗未能解除梗阻患者,行肿瘤根治,一期肠造瘘,二期肠吻合。对比3组患者治疗的效果和并发症情况。结果〓术中结肠灌洗组的手术时间较术前结肠灌洗组和造瘘组分别延长(P<0.05),并发症发生总次数较多但没有统计学差异。3组患者在手术失血量、胃管留置时间、术后进食时间、总住院时间等没有统计学差异。结论〓对于结直肠癌并肠梗阻的患者,急诊行术中全结肠灌洗Ⅰ期肿瘤切除肠吻合是可行的,但不一定适合所有病例,应结合术前术中的判断。