Granulomatous orchitis

An additional case of granulomatous orchitis is described. The pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. We believe that repeated minor injury, resulting in sperm extravasation, will cause small sperm granulomas. These granulomas initiate the sensitization process. Repeated minor injury can create altered testicular antigen which could result in the evolution of a granulomatous orchitis.     

Granulomatous orchitis

Granulomatous orchitis is an inflammatory change of the testis. This is a rare lesion of unknown etiology. Usually are unilateral. The clinical appearance varies, and it is difficult to differentiate from testicular cancer. The diagnosis usually being made on histological examination after orchiectomy. Our paper report one case of granulomatous orchitis in a 27 year old patient. A review of the literature is made on the diagnosis and pathogenesis.     

Granulomatous orchitis

Five cases of granulomatous orchitis are reported and the literature is reviewed. The clinical features, pathology and treatment of this rare disease are discussed. In four cases the clinical features were chronic, while one patient had an acute course. The average age of the five patients was 31 years. In all cases we found only one testes was affected. In two cases the affected testis was removed, and in the remaining three cases only partial orchiectomy was performed.     

Sympathetic auto-immune orchitis

Summary.  There is increasing evidence that, besides the immunization to sperm antigens and other immunological disorders, spontaneous auto-immune orchitis may also be an aetiological factor in male reproductive failure. The present paper describes a case study, where a surgical operation for an inguinal hernia caused an orchitis first in the ipsilateral, and few weeks later also in the contralateral testis and which finally led to an atrophy of both testicles. The time-course, patient's symptoms and especially the final histological picture all indicate that this process had an immunological basis, and therefore it is proposed that it should be called 'auto-immune sympathetic orchitis'.     

Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis

A case of idiopathic granulomatous orchitis in a 37-year-Nigerian male is discussed. He presented with a history of pain and swelling of left testis of three weeks duration. A clinical impression of tumor of the testis was made followed by orchidectomy. A systemic review failed to show evidence of any infective process. Histology showed non-caseating tuber-culoid granulomas replacing the seminiferous tubules.     

Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis

Our paper reports 7 cases of idiopathic granulomatous orchitis. Testicular trauma and genitourinary tract infection were the only important conditions in the past history, and were possibly related to the etiology of this disease. The clinical appearance of idiopathic granulomatous orchitis varies, and it is difficult to differentiate from testicular cancer, the diagnosis usually being made on histological examination after orchiectomy. For young patients and those with single testis, inguinal exploration and frozen section are recommended.     

Mumps meningo-encephalitis

Between July 1981 and June 1985, 49 cases (36 boys (73%) and 13 girls (27%] of mumps meningo-encephalitis confirmed by culture of the virus from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were seen. Patients presented particularly in the late spring and early summer. A CSF cell count greater than 500 X 10(6)/l was obtained in 14 cases (28%), a total CSF protein greater than 0.8 g/l in 6 cases (12%) and a CSF glucose of less than 2.2 mmol/l in 2 cases (4%). Two cases are reported to illustrate the diagnostic problems which the infection may cause, particularly when the CSF changes resemble those of tuberculous meningitis. In 1 case neurogenic pulmonary oedema developed after a convulsion; this caused further diagnostic uncertainty.     

Bilateral idiopathic granulomatous orchitis

A rare case of asymtomatic synchronous bilateral granulomatous orchitis idiopathic is decribed. In the scrotal ultrasonography are multiple hypoecoic areas, differential diagnosis between testicular tumor and granulomatous orchitis is very difficult in any examination by histological findings.     

Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis.

A case of idiopathic granulomatous orchitis in a 37-year-old Nigerian male is discussed. He presented with a history of pain and swelling of left testis of three weeks duration. A clinical impression of tumor of the testis was made followed by orchidectomy. A systemic review failed to show evidence of any infective proccess. Histology showed non-caseating tuberculoid granulomas replacing the seminiferous tubules.     

Schistosomal orchitis simulating malignancy

We report a case of schistosomal orchitis simulating malignancy. The patient presented with a unilateral hydrocele, testicular enlargement and loss of testicular sensation. Orchiectomy was performed because of suspected malignancy. Tissue diagnosis was schistosomiasis. The incidence, pathogenesis and pathology of genital schistosomiasis are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.