内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊治的临床研究

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊治中的临床应用效果。方法对我科以恶性胸腔积液住院的患者,分为胸腔镜组及对照组,对诊治结果进行诊断分析,评价内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。结果胸腔镜组确诊率为92.9%,对照组确诊率为69.05%。两组患者的治疗效果比较,其完全缓解率具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液进行胸膜活检,诊断率阳性率高,在治疗方面,胸腔镜下胸膜固定术能够有效地控制恶性胸腔积液的产生,效果明显优于传统胸腔引流术,值得临床广泛推广应用。     

支气管镜代替内科胸腔镜检查在胸腔积液诊断中的价值

胸腔积液是呼吸系统常见疾病,其病因的诊断和鉴别有时非常困难,以往采用胸腔穿刺抽出积液进行常规、生化,标志物等检查,但其敏感性、特异性较低,多数只能做参考[1]。确诊胸膜疾病最可靠的方法是对病变部位取活检作病理诊断。经皮闭式胸膜活检对胸腔积液病因诊断具有简单、易行、损伤小的优点,但胸膜活检也具有一定的盲目性,阳性率较低。内科胸腔镜(medical thoracoscopy,或     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜术对恶性胸腔积液的诊治价值

目的探讨可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜在诊治恶性胸腔积液中的价值。方法经可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜检查确诊的118例恶性胸腔积液的临床资料进行了分析,118例中55例经内科胸腔镜行滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术。结果 118例均经胸膜活检病理确诊,包括肺癌胸膜转移106例(腺癌74例、鳞癌22例、小细胞癌7例、大细胞癌1例、病理未能分型2例),其他部位胸膜转移6例,胸膜间皮瘤4例,胸膜淋巴瘤2例。胸膜病变主要表现为大小不等的结节、肿块、扁平隆起、白斑、胸膜充血等。胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术组的胸水控制率为96.4%(53/55),通过胸腔闭式引流管注药的对照组胸水控制率为67.3%(37/55),两组疗效相差显著(P0.01)。胸膜固定术患者术后出现胸痛52例、发热45例,均对症治疗后好转,118例均未发现严重并发症。结论可弯曲内科电子胸腔镜术诊治恶性胸腔积液是一种安全、微创、高效而实用的方法,值得临床广泛推广。     

恶性胸腔积液行内科胸腔镜检查术的护理

临床资料一、临床资料2007年10月～2009年7月住院96例高度疑诊恶性胸腔积液的病人,其中男63例,女33例。年龄19～83岁,平均52岁。血性胸水29例、黄色胸水67例。经常规检查,未能明确诊断。其中合并基础病有冠状动脉粥样硬化、高血压、慢支、肺气肿、糖尿病、乳腺癌术后等。20%以上患者为大量胸腔积液。临床表现均有咳嗽、气促、胸闷、不同程度的消瘦。对大量胸腔积液患者,行胸腔镜检查前,应先以中心静脉导管行胸腔闭式引流术减轻气促状态。     

内科胸腔镜在老年人胸腔积液中的应用价值

随着科技的进步,微创医学的发展,胸腔镜作为一种诊断与治疗肺部疾病的有力手段,胸腔镜技术由外科逐渐被内科所采用[1].早期多采用纤维支气管镜或膀胱镜替代胸腔镜进行诊断和治疗.内科胸腔镜的应用避免了外科胸腔镜检查损伤大、麻醉要求高、检查成本高的缺点[2],能全面观察到胸膜、肺表面及临近器官浸渗情况,并可对病变部位进行活检,作为各种胸膜、肺疾病的诊断方法.     

内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosis of pleural effusion of unknown aetiology in aged people.Methods The patients aged 65 years and over,with exudative pleural effusion of unknown aetiology,were enrolled in this study.And they underwent medical thoracoscopy for diagnosis.Results The 49 patients,33 males and 16 females,aged 65-82years (at average age of 70.5 yeas),were enrolled.The 83.7% (41 cases) of pleural effusion was unilateral,and 16.3% (8 cases) was bilateral.The 28.6% (14 cases) of them suffered from tuberculosis,16.3 % (8 cases) malignant tumor.The pathology results of 16 cases showed nonspecific inflammation and normal pleural tissue.The other 10 patients showed a normal pleuracy or abnormal pleuracy undergoing a failure biopsy.Considering the clinical data of the 27 cases,8 cases (16.3 %)had infectious disease,18 cases (38.8%) remained unknown.Diagnostic accuracy of medical thoracoscopy was 61.2%.Complications of these patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy were fever (n=8,16.3%) and subcutaneous emphysema (n=7,14.3%).Conclusions Medical thoracoscopy is a standard option for diagnosing pleural effusion.It could be easily managed by physicians.The complications appear more often in aged people.     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 分析内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值及其安全性.方法 对我院呼吸内科及重症医学科2010年4月至2013年4月收治的92例不明原因胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜病变,直视下病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果 92例胸腔积液患者确诊84例,诊断阳性率为91.3％,其中恶性胸腔积液48例,结核性胸腔积液29例,非特异性炎症4例,化脓性胸膜炎2例,结节病1例,病因不明8例,术后疼痛11例,发热3例,出血1例.结论 内科胸腔镜检查有助于进一步明确不明原因胸腔积液的病因,且患者耐受性好、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用.     

内科胸腔镜对大量胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的评价内科胸腔镜对大量胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法分析我科自2008年8月至2009年4月大量胸腔积液患者60例,其中经胸腔积液病理细胞学联合胸膜活检术诊断30例(A组),经胸腔镜检查诊断30例(B组),对比分析两组患者的诊断阳性率及术后并发症。结果A组诊断阳性率为66.7%(20/30),B组诊断阳性率为93.3%(28/30),两组对比(P0.05),差异具有统计学意义。A组并发症发生率16.7%(5/30),B组并发症发生率23.3%(7/30),两组对比(P0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论内科胸腔镜操作简单,安全,并发症少,诊断率高,值得临床推广。     

内科胸腔镜在老年人不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值及安全性

目的评价内科胸腔镜诊断老年人不明原因渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值及安全性。方法选取2012年7月至2014年5月该院收治的66例胸腔积液患者,应用内科胸腔镜进行检查,术中对可疑病变部位进行直视下多点活检,明确胸腔积液的成因,比较镜下表现与病理结果的相关性,观察手术的安全性及术后并发症,进一步评价手术的安全性。结果经病理确诊61例,确诊率为92.42%,其中恶性肿瘤37例(56.06%),包括转移性腺癌27例(40.91%),鳞癌4例(6.06%),小细胞癌2例(3.03%),恶性胸膜间皮瘤4例(6.06%);结核性胸膜炎18例(27.27%),化脓性感染4例(6.06%),非特异性慢性炎症2例(3.03%);病因不明5例(7.58%)。术后并发症为发热2例(3.03%),急性肺水肿1例(1.51%),经治疗后均痊愈,其他病例均未发生严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜检查对老年人不明原因渗出性胸腔积液诊断阳性率高、简单、安全、微创、有效、并发症发生率低,可作为临床常规诊断手段进行推广。     

内科胸腔镜在108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者中的应用

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜对不明病因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院呼吸内科2011-2013年2年内对108例病因不明的胸腔积液患者进行内科胸腔镜检查并行胸膜活检的过程、结果及安全性.结果 108例胸腔积液患者中的106例获得活检病理组织及病理诊断.其中结核性胸膜炎52例,恶性肿瘤45例,肺炎并胸膜炎3例,非特异性炎症6例,黏连严重未能活检2例.其诊断阳性率为92.6％.2例患者手术后并发气胸,其余患者手术中及术后无严重并发症.结论 内科胸腔镜用于胸腔积液的病因诊断安全有效,诊断率高,具有较高的临床价值.     

胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊断的价值

目的探讨内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液诊断价值。方法 138例恶性胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜,取病变组织病理检查。结果获得明确病理结果 130例。镜下表现分为以下4种:①结节120例;②胸膜增厚、纤维组织增生形成分隔或粘连带10例;③胸膜充血、水肿6例,④胸膜弥漫性肥厚、凹凸不平2例。确诊病例中肺癌110例,肺腺癌转移93例,恶性间皮瘤8例,转移癌10例,病理无法定性的恶性胸腔积液5例。所有病例无严重并发症。结论内科胸腔镜检查对恶性胸腔积液诊断是一种安全、有效的方法。     

胸腔镜检查诊断不明原因的胸腔积液临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法25例不明原因的胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜检,直视下取病变组织行病理检查。结果镜下表现灰白色粟粒样结节,多发结节状突起,胸膜局灶不规则增厚,胸膜充血、水肿,纤维粘连。胸腔镜检查确诊率92％。确诊病例中恶性肿瘤15例（60％）,其中肺癌转移11例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤4例,良性疾病共8例（32％）,其中结核性胸膜炎7例,慢性炎症1例,无严重并发症。结论胸腔镜检查对不明原因的胸腔积液是一种安全、确诊率高的诊断方法。     

胸腔镜在老年胸腔积液中的诊断价值及安全性分析

目的探讨胸腔镜在不同年龄人群中渗出性胸腔积液诊断中的价值。方法选择就诊于我院符合纳入标准的69例胸腔积液患者,根据胸水检验结果均为不明原因的渗出液,其中老年组30例,非老年组39例。结果老年组病理确诊率为93.3%(28/30),肿瘤和结核确诊率为66.7%(20/30),非老年组病理确诊率100%(39/39),肿瘤和结核确诊率为87.2%(34/39),肿瘤和结核确诊率两组有显著性差异。老年组术中及术后不良反应总的发生率为46.7%(14/30),非老年组不良反应总的发生率为28.2%(11/39),两组无显著性差异。结论内科胸腔镜检查对老年疑难性胸腔积液的诊断确诊率较高,对肿瘤及结核的诊断缺乏特异性,不良反应较非老年患者多,对不明原因的疑难性胸腔积液应在积极评估患者一般状况后值得推广。     

Is there any role for thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of benign pleural effusions

Thoracoscopy in the endoscopy suite, has a high diagnostic yield of undiagnosed pleural effusions with minimal and mild complications. Whereas relatively minimal invasive techniques, such as thoracentesis, image‐guided pleural biopsy or blind pleural biopsy, can yield sufficient cell or tissue material to establish the diagnosis of the underlying condition, more definite invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, such as thoracoscopy, may be required for accurate sampling and diagnosis, and further provide real‐time treatment options in same procedure. If thoracoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis is a fact in case. The current review aims to provide informations on thoracoscopy indications in benign pleural diseases according to up to date publications.     

Role of medical thoracoscopy in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion

Background

Fibrous tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) represents common disease in tuberculous clinic. Medical thoracoscopy has been used to treat pleural empyema and shown promising outcomes, but data of its use in multiloculated and organized TPE remains limited to know.

Methods

The study was performed on 430 cases with TPE. The cases were divided into free-flowing, multiloculated effusion and organized effusion group. Each group was subdivided into two or three types of therapeutic approaches: ultrasound guided pigtail catheter, large-bore tube chest drainage and medical thoracoscopy. Patients with multiloculated or organized effusions received streptokinase, introduced into the pleural cavity via chest tubes. The successful effectiveness of the study was defined as duration of chest drainage, time from treatment to discharge days and no further managements.

Results

Patients with organized effusion were older than those with free-flowing effusion and incidence of organized effusion combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was higher than those of multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion respectively. Positive tuberculosis of pleural fluid culture was higher in organized effusion than that in free-flowing effusion. Sputum positive for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) in organized effusion was higher than that in multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion. Medical thoracoscopy showed significant efficacy in the group of multiloculated effusion and organized effusion but free-flowing effusion. No chronic morbidity and mortality related to complications was observed.

Conclusions

Medical thoracoscopy was a safe and successful method in treating multiloculated and organized TPE.     

135例胸腔积液患者内科胸腔镜检查及临床意义

目的探讨内科胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床意义。方法分析内科胸腔镜检查135例患者的临床资料。结果135例中,经胸腔镜胸膜活检确诊104例（77．0％）,其中病理为恶性肿瘤和结核性胸膜炎各51例（49．0％）,脓胸2例（1．9％）。135例胸腔积液患者经胸腔镜检查病因诊断阳性率85．9％。恶性肿瘤和结核性胸膜炎患者经胸腔镜胸膜活检阳性率分别为79．7％和91．1％。结论内科胸腔镜检查对不明原因胸腔积液患者有获得病理诊断、病因诊断及准确肺癌分期等临床意义。     

结核性与恶性胸腔积液内科胸腔镜下特征比较及诊断相关因素分析

目的对比结核性与恶性胸腔积液内科胸腔镜下的特征及常见危险因素、临床表现的差异,为不明原因胸腔积液鉴别诊断提供依据。方法收集山西医科大学第一医院呼吸科2016年1月至2018年1月“胸腔积液待查”的90例患者临床资料,均因病因不明行内科胸腔镜下胸膜活检,按病理结果分为结核组与恶性组,对比分析2组镜下特征和常见危险因素、临床表现等指标。结果90例患者经胸腔镜和病理检查明确诊断85例,确诊率为944%,其中结核性胸腔积液40例,恶性胸腔积液36例。结核组镜下表现以胸膜充血水肿、广泛粘连、胸膜均匀一致小结节为主(χ^2值分别为23.175、7.361、6.064,P值均<005);恶性组镜下表现以胸膜增生增厚、大小不等结节、白斑样改变、肿块为主(χ^2值分别为23.095、8.717、11.577、5.127,P值均<005)。单因素回归分析:发热、体质量减轻对结核性胸腔积液诊断有意义;年龄>40岁、气促、病程>1个月、吸烟指数>400年支及血性胸腔积液对恶性胸腔积液的诊断有提示意义。多因素回归分析:发热和体质量减轻是结核性胸腔积液的特征性表现;年龄>40岁、病程>1个月、吸烟指数>400年支和血性胸腔积液对恶性胸腔积液诊断有较大价值。结论内科胸腔镜是确诊不明原因胸腔积液的有效检查方法,恶性胸腔积液和结核性胸腔积液是最常见的病因。危险因素、临床表现等指标及内镜下特征性表现对结核性与恶性胸腔积液鉴别有较大提示意义。     

Medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion

Abstract Approximately 20% of pleural effusions remain without an established aetiology after evaluation. Thoracoscopy has a very high sensitivity for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant diseases and greatly increases the diagnostic yield for pleural effusion. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of medical thoracoscopy at this institution. The records of all patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy for the evaluation of undiagnosed pleural effusion between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia with sedation using a Stortz rigid thoracoscope. Fifty-eight patients had thoracoscopy, most having had two (range: 1–6) non-diagnostic pleural aspirations and biopsies of the pleura. Nineteen patients were found to have mesothelioma and nine metastatic malignancy. Three patients were considered likely to have tuberculous pleural disease, six had asbestos related benign pleural fibrosis and three post-cardiotomy syndrome. There was one chylous effusion of uncertain aetiology, one post-traumatic and two other benign effusions, both of which resolved without clear aetiology. On seven occasions the pleural space could not be adequately accessed, but none of these patients had prior computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound of the pleural space. There were five false negative diagnoses of malignancy, but no false positives. The diagnostic sensitivity for pleural malignancy was 85% and specificity 100%. There were no major complications, but four patients had late tumour seeding at the thoracoscopy site. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield. Pre-operative evaluation of the pleural collection using ultrasound or CT increases the likelihood of successful access to the pleural space and may increase diagnostic yield.